Qiqian Township, Erguna City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Qiqian Township

Qiqian Township, a township under the jurisdiction of Erguna City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located on the Bank of Erguna River and in the hinterland of primeval forest in the north of Daxinganling. It is adjacent to Mohe city in Heilongjiang Province in the East, mordaoga town in the south, Russian Federation across the river in the West and enhehada town in the north. The total area of the administrative region is 2518 square kilometers.

In 1908, zhuergan river general Kalun (post) was set up in today's Qiqian village. In 1920, Qiqian Government Bureau was set up. In 1921, it was changed into Qiqian county. In October 1955, it was renamed Qiqian district. In October 1956, it was changed to Qiqian township. In December 1999, the township was withdrawn and merged into mordaoga town. In May 2011, it was included in the newly restored enhehada town. In February 2013, Qiqian rural bank system was restored.

In August 2013, Qiqian township was listed in the second batch of "Chinese traditional villages" protection list (Jiancun No. 124) by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of culture; in 2014, Qiqian Township won the first batch of autonomous region level characteristic landscape tourism villages, and was listed as one of the first batch of 51 "Chinese traditional villages" (Jiancun No. 106) by the state "three ministries and one bureau"; in 2015, Qiqian Township won the third batch of national characteristic landscape tourism villages Famous tourism village.

Evolution of organizational system

In 1908, zhuergan river general Kalun (post) was set up in today's Qiqian village.

In 1920, Qiqian Government Bureau was set up.

In 1921, it was changed into Qiqian county.

In 1933 (during the period of Manchukuo), it was the residence of Erguna right wing banner Office (Qiqian was renamed jirumutu).

In 1948, the people's Government of Erguna banner designated wuqiluo (now Qiqian township) as the fourth district.

In October 1955, it was renamed Qiqian district.

In October 1956, it was changed to Qiqian township.

In April 1958, Qiqian Ewenki ethnic township was rebuilt.

In September 1960, Qiqian people's commune was established, which was mainly composed of Ewenki hunters.

In September 1965, the Ewenki immigrants moved to Aoluguya, where they were called Qiqian township.

In 1965, the Arctic people's commune was established.

In 1968, Qiqian township was merged with the Arctic people's commune to form Qiqian people's commune.

In 1981, the township was restored.

In December 1999, the township was withdrawn and merged into mordaoga town.

In 2000, the system of Qiqian village was still maintained after the abolition of Qiqian township.

In May 2011, it was included in the newly restored enhehada town.

In February 2013, with the approval of the people's Government of the autonomous region and the reply on the restoration of Qiqian Township in Erguna City [2013] No. 4 of Nei civil affairs, it was decided to restore the administrative setup of Qiqian township.

administrative division

It governs Qiqian village, dengjiadian village, shilihetun village and wumatun village, and Qiqian village, where the township government is located.

There are 7 resident units: the second company of the sixth regiment of border defense, Qiqian squadron of mordaoga forest police, Qiqian shipping department of Hulunbeier maritime bureau, Qiqian management and protection station in northern primitive forest region, Qiqian police station in northern primitive forest region, local road management station and Frontier Road maintenance machinery team.

geographical environment

geographical position

Qiqian township is under the jurisdiction of Erguna City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is located on the Bank of Erguna River and the hinterland of primeval forest in the north of Daxinganling. Its geographical coordinates are 120 ° 46 ′ E and 52 ° 11 ′ n. It is adjacent to Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province in the East, mordaoga town in the south, Russian Federation across the river in the West and enhehada town in the north. The total area of the township is 2518 square kilometers, and the built-up area is 4 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Qiqian township has a cold temperate continental climate, with an average annual temperature of - 6 ℃, an average annual rainfall of 436.5mm, and a frost free period of about 81 days.

topographic features

Qiqian township is located in the hinterland of primeval forest in the north of Daxing'an Mountains. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces water on one side. It is flat and open. The terrain is slightly inclined from northwest to southwest, long from north to South and narrow from east to west. The altitude is 1421 meters.

hydrology

There are torrent River, Wuma River, ABA River and other major rivers.

natural resources

plant resources

The township is rich in natural resources. The primeval forest in the territory is a part of the primeval forest in Daxing'an Mountains, which has not been exploited up to now. It is dominated by Larix gmelinii, and the scope of secondary forest is small. There are many kinds of wild berries in mountainous forest area, such as blueberry, dry grape, water grape, tray, rose fruit, thick plum, shandingzi and so on. They contain a variety of nutrients and are high-quality raw materials for making fruit wine and jam.

Animal resources

There are many precious wild animals in the territory, such as lynx, moose, sable, hazelnut chicken, black bear, grouse, fox, chinchilla, Rattus flavipectus, brown bear, red deer, and so on. Their varieties and numbers all occupy the first place in the whole banner. There are abundant resources of medicinal plants such as Saposhnikovia divaricata, red spoon, Gentiana, Rhododendron, bupleurum, etc. with good quality and considerable natural bacteria resources.

Mineral resources

Qiqian is rich in mineral resources, with gold reserves ranking first in the city.

Population nationality

Qiqian township has a permanent population of 190 people. The village was mainly formed in the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China. Several generations of expansion formed the existing scale. The distribution of buildings in the village is not only grid layout, but also scattered.

History and culture

The origin of place names

Qiqian is named after the combination of Qiya River's "Qi" and Qiandong River's "Qian".

Culture

Qiqian village has a distinct pattern, and its residential buildings are characterized by "woodcut ridge". There are still 47 traditional woodcut ridge residential buildings preserved, which are included in the renovation and protection of the local houses by the Bureau of cultural relics of the autonomous region. In August 2013, Qiqian township was listed in the second batch of "Chinese traditional villages" protection list (Jiancun No. 124) by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of culture. In 2014, it won the first batch of famous scenic tourism villages at the autonomous region level, and was listed as one of the first batch of 51 "traditional Chinese villages" supported by the "three ministries and one bureau" (Jiancun No. 106). In 2015, it won the title of the third batch of national characteristic landscape tourism villages.

In the history of Qiqian village, as a political, economic, cultural, transportation center and military important place, the important historical events happened in Qiqian village are enough to remember history and inspire future generations. For example, the annihilation of the Japanese puppet army and police in Qiqian, the uprising in Wuma and xikouzi and other anti Manchurian and anti Japanese struggles.

Architectural features

Qiqian village is located in the open area of the river, surrounded by mountains on three sides and water on one side. It is surrounded by forests and has a beautiful environment. The township was mainly formed in the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, several generations of expansion to form the existing scale. The distribution of buildings in the whole town is not only grid layout, but also scattered. Most of the traditional houses of the Russian people are well preserved, with more than 30 buildings in total, which are distributed in contiguous areas. Wood carving has not only western architectural style, but also the connotation of forest and national culture. All of them are piled up with logs. The roof and interior are decorated with wood. It is warm in winter and cool in summer, simple and solemn.

The village was formed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, which was related to the rise and decline of the local gold industry. At that time, it was mainly for the Russian people to cross the border for gold mining and other production activities to settle down. According to the layout of the Russian Village, it was located on the border river, which was convenient for the two countries, water transportation and drinking water needs of people and livestock. After many times of expansion and government guided construction, the permanent village continued. There are more than 30 wooden carved houses in disorder. Although they have been greatly repaired through historical changes, the original house shape, repair technology, bedroom layout and courtyard characteristics all maintain the style of that year. The village has a large space, which is related to Russian living customs. Entering the village, we can see the square spatial layout of Qiqian village, which faces the South and backs the north. The streets and lanes are basically checkerboard pattern, maintaining the coordinated layout of villages with the integration of China and the West. There are not only group buildings surrounded each other, but also the open and quiet space formed by single buildings. The Erguna River, the boundary river between China and Russia, flows slowly from the west of the village and flows into Heilongjiang. It contains the historical context of the formation of the Russian nationality, a mixed race between China and Russia. The ABA River, a tributary in the north, and the semi crypt site group in Xiaogushan, gather here the vitality of the Mongolian "Erguna Kun" and its ancestor Qiyan tribe. Another eighteen Li earthen wall site and unearthed pottery also provide a clear evidence for the long history of Qiqian. At present, the Russian folk houses are in the beautiful mountains and rivers, simple and solemn, fresh and elegant, surrounded by primeval forests, and inhabited by rare animals such as roe deer and wild deer. It is an ecological village with unique Russian style.

Architectural preservation

Most of the traditional houses of the Russian people are well preserved, with more than 30 buildings in total, which are distributed in contiguous areas. Wood carving has not only western architectural style, but also the connotation of forest and national culture. All of them are piled up with logs. The roof and interior are decorated with wood. It is warm in winter and cool in summer, simple and solemn.

"Wood carved ridge" is the original creation of the Russian people living in the alpine region. It is a kind of wooden house made of log grooves. It can be seen that the selection of materials for this kind of house is very exquisite. The diameter of logs is generally more than 20 cm, and the thickness can reach 40 cm. Every house has to choose logs of the same thickness. The logs are leveled up and down, and sandwiched between two logs A kind of moss called "mugwort" growing in the pine forest ensures the firmness, warmth and durability of the main building; the roof ridge is paved with "Lantern board" made of straight pine instead of sawn board. Such roof ridge not only has good drainage performance, but also has good corrosion resistance, which can be used for 40 or 50 years; the indoor floor is tightly jointed with pine. Some elegant families have carved decorative patterns on the doors, windows and eaves, and the floors are painted with orange paint. After painting, they have to polish and wax, which is very luxurious.

famous scenery

Xiaogushan site in Qiqian

The site is far from Qiqian

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Hu Lun Bei Er Shi E Er Gu Na Shi Qi Qian Xiang