Daqing River, a tributary of Haihe River Basin in China

Daqing River

Daqing River, one of the tributaries of Haihe River Basin in China, is called Shangxi river. Because the adjacent Yongding River and Hutuo River are sandy rivers, and the middle Daqing River is clear, so it is named Daqing River.

The Daqinghe River system is mainly composed of South and North branches. The tributaries flowing into Xidian (Baiyangdian) are the South Branch, and the flood flows from Zhaowang River, Zaolinzhuang new road and Zhaowang New River to Daqing River in Xidian; the tributaries flowing into Dongdian are the North Branch, and the North Branch is mainly Juma River, which is divided into South and North Juma River in Zhangfang, North Juma River is called Baigou River in dongci village, and South Juma River is called Beiyishui river Zhongyi river flows eastward after the confluence of Baigou town and Baigou River, which is called Daqing River.

The South Branch is 336 km long from the source (Cuiping mountain in the south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province at the source of Tang River) to Zaolinzhuang hub; the North Branch is 303 km long from the source (Laishan mountain in the northwest of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province at the source of Juma River) to Xingaifang hub. The South Branch is slightly longer, so the source of the South Branch was the source of the Daqing River. In modern geography, the confluence of the South Branch and the Baigou river of the North Branch of the Juma River is the starting point of the main stream of the Daqing River, so the source of the Juma River is the source of the Daqing River.

Daqing River flows through the sixth fort of Dongdian and converges with Ziya River, which is called Xihe River. A small amount of flood flows into the main stream of Haihe River through Xihe sluice junction and into Bohai Sea from Haihe sluice junction, while a large amount of flood flows into Duliu river through flood sluice and into Bohai Sea through gongnongbing sluice. The gongnongbing sluice from Heyuan to the estuary of Duliujian River (Duliujian River dampproof sluice) is 483 km long, with a drainage area of 43060 square kilometers (32700 square kilometers recorded in Hebei Provincial Records).

In history, flood disasters occurred frequently in the middle and lower reaches of the Daqing River. With the establishment of the people's Republic of China and the reduction of flow caused by climate change, the Daqing River has become the main irrigation water source in Baoding and Dongdian agricultural areas. It is also an important source of water supply for Baiyangdian Lake. Before 1960's, Daqinghe River was the main waterway from Baoding to Tianjin, which had great shipping value.

The origin of the name

Daqing River is named Daqing River because its adjacent river basin is Yongding River alluvial fan in the north and Hutuo River alluvial fan in the south. Both rivers are sandy and belong to muddy river, while Daqing River in the middle is clear.

According to the geographical records of Hebei Province, the Daqing River is called Shangxi River, and its origin is related to the Xihe River in Tianjin, because the Xihe River is the reach of the confluence of Daqing River and Ziya River. The upper section of the Xihe River is called Shangxi river.

General situation of main stream

River course

Daqing River is located in the south of Yongding River and the north of Ziya River, in the middle of Haihe River system, across Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin.

The Daqinghe River system is mainly composed of South and North branches. All the tributaries flowing into the Xidian (Baiyangdian) are the South Branch, and the flood flows from Zhaowang River, Zaolinzhuang new road and Zhaowang New River in the west of zuogezhuang village to the Daqing River in the Dongdian; the tributaries flowing into the Dongdian are the North Branch, the North Branch is mainly Juma River, which is divided into South and North Juma River in Zhangfang, North Juma River, naxiaoqing River and Liuli River, and then called Baigou River and South Juma River in dongci village Nabei Yishui and Zhongyishui flow eastward, and they are called Daqing River when Baigou town meets Baigou river. After confluence above Baigou bridge, it goes down to Xingaifang hub, and then discharges into Baiyangdian from Baigou river diversion channel, Dongdian from Xingaifang spillway and old Daqing River channel, and converges with South Branch to form xindaqing River, and finally converges with Ziya River at the sixth port of Jinghai in Tianjin.

The South Branch is 336 km long from the source (Cuiping mountain in the south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province at the source of the Tang River) to the Zaolinzhuang hub; the North Branch is 303 km long from the source (Taihang Mountain in the northwest of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province at the source of the Juma River) to the Xingaifang hub. The southern branch is slightly longer, so the source of the southern branch was the source of the Daqing River, that is, the source of the Tang River, Cuiping mountain in the south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province. Then calculate the confluence point between Daqinghe old road and zuogezhuang in Wen'an, and zhaowangxinhe to zuogezhuang in the lower reaches of South Branch, and the estimated length is equal. Therefore, modern geography generally takes the North Branch as the main source, that is, Laishan, Laiyuan County, the source of Juma River.

The North Branch covers an area of 10151 square kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 1169 million cubic meters. The South Branch basin covers an area of 21054 square kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 1888 million cubic meters.

Dongdian Daqing River to Tianjin Xiqing District Xinkou town sixth port (also known as Tianjin Jinghai District Sixth Fort) and Ziya River confluence called Xihe. A small amount of flood flows into the main stream of Haihe River through Xihe sluice junction of Ziya River and into Bohai Sea through Haihe sluice. A large amount of flood flows into Duliujian River through Duliujian River Sluice junction and into Bohai Sea through gongnongbing sluice (later renamed Duliujian River dampproof sluice). From the source of the river (Juma River is taken as the source in Haihe annals) to gongnongbing Sluice at the entrance of Duliujian River (Duliujian River dampproof sluice), the length is 483 km, and the drainage area is 43060 square km (32700 square km in Hebei annals).

Channel characteristics

The rivers to the west of Beijing Guangzhou railway are mostly sandy riverbed with steep longitudinal slope, belonging to wide shallow sandy river course. The longitudinal slope to the east of the railway is gradually gentle, and embankments are built on both banks to harness water. There are 13 main flood discharge rivers, with a total length of 578.4 km, and the total length of main and secondary embankments is 1179 km (including Baiyangdian and Dongdian embankments).

There are many continuous depressions in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The river passes through the depressions, forming a valley like basin type sedimentary river. Baiyangdian, baicaowa, overflow depression, Dongdian, Beidagang and so on belong to this kind of depression. Located on both sides of the river, there are closed depressions, such as langouwa, wenanwa, jiakouwa, tuanpowa, etc. These depressions play an important role in flood storage and detention. The design flood control standard of the whole river system is once every ten to twenty years. The flood control standard is on the low side. When the flood exceeds the standard, the extraordinary measures of flood diversion and detention are taken to ensure the safety of flood control. The flood propagation time is 7-15 km / h in the upper reaches and 7-2 km / h in the middle and lower reaches.

River course changes

The Daqing River system, according to recorded data, has not changed much in history. However, according to historical records, due to the interference of Yongding River and Hutuo River, the water area of the middle and upper reaches of the Daqing River changed many times, and the lower reaches affected Dongdian. Due to the interference of Yongding River, the depression on the left bank of Dongdian was engulfed by sediment.

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Yellow River flowed through the Haihe Plain. In the present Haihe River system, the Daqinghe River system and the water to its south all flowed into the Yellow River system, belonging to the Yellow River system. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties (1595-1698), the Yongding River swayed back and forth among Panggezhuang, Lixian, Jiuzhou, jiuanci, jinmenzha, yangxianwu, Nanli and puluolong. The southernmost had been to Nanli, puluolong, Qigang and Zhanggang, and now the river course of Daqinghe was eastward (such as in 1656, the 13th year of Shunzhi);

In the 59th year of Qianlong's reign (1794), "the second dyke in the North (the variant of dyke) was broken down, and the river was led to the lower reaches of Yongding River. The water flows from laojuntang and zhuangmatou to the Daqing River, where the South dike is built for more than a hundred feet.

In the third year of Daoguang (1823), the Yongding river ran from the south to wangerdian. In the spring of the 11th year, the river changed to the northeast, running through Doudian, Liudaokou and Daqinghe, and the water began to fill up at wangerkou. The water returned to the old road of wangqingtuo from the new channel of fanqiaokou. In the fourteenth year, the flood broke in the north, middle and north of Wanping. The water flowed from Panggezhuang along the old Jianhe river to huanghuadian in Wuqing, and still flowed into the sea at the end of guizheng river. Liangxiang boundary South Second Engineering breach, water from the jinmenzhajie River into the Qinghe River, through the Baigou river back to the Daqing River.

In modern water conservancy management, the main stream section of Daqing River is reconstructed. The main changes are the excavation of a series of flood diversion channels, such as the newly built flood diversion channel, Baigou river diversion channel and Zhaowang River diversion channel. So as to form a multi branch water system downstream. The original main channel of Daqing River is changed from Xingaifang hub in Xiongxian county to irrigation River (Jijie River) in the east of wanggeda village below Suqiao. The estuary also changed from Haihe River to Duliujian River.

The old road and new building flood diversion road of Daqing River flow from the southeast of Xiongxian county to Dongdian. The main stream of Daqing River in Dongdian flows from Xingaifang to Wenan county from Rongcheng to Xiongxian County before 1970. It enters Wenan County in the combination of Xiong and Wen2 counties in the northwest corner of Wenan county. It flows to the East through xinglonggong, shigezhuang, Xinzhen and Suqiao (in the east of cuijiafang village, there is Zhaowang Xinqu water inflow), Zuozhuang and other township areas At Taitou, Jinghai District, Tianjin, to Tianjin. For Wen'an and Xiong, Ba County boundary river. It used to be a perennial river with a maximum flow of 67 m3 / s and a freezing period of 70 days. In 1970, the section of the river from Xingaifang hub in Xiongxian county to the east of wanggeda village below Suqiao was changed into an irrigation River, named old Daqing River, which is mainly used for irrigation. Generally, it does not undertake the task of flood discharge. The flood discharge is undertaken by Baigou river diversion and Xingaifang spillway.

In 1970, the West Wharf in Wen'an County excavated a 7-kilometer East-West river section connecting with the lower entrance of Zhaowang new channel, which connects with Daqing River in the east of wanggedan Village (the Daqing River from below wanggedan village to Shijianfang of zuogezhuang village is straightened, and goes eastward through anlitun to jinghaitaitou exit). This section of river is named xindaqing River (also known as Dongdian Daqing River), with a flow of 21 km In the river, it becomes the season river.

hydrographic features

The flood of Daqinghe River system is mainly caused by the rainstorm in flood season. The rainstorm centers often appear in Fuping, sicang and Zijingguan.

Due to the different locations of rainstorm centers, the proportion of the flood volume of the north and south branches in the total flood volume of the whole water system varies greatly from year to year. In 1963, the total flood volume of the whole water system in 30 days was 7.998 billion cubic meters, of which 78% was from the South Branch and 22% was from the North Branch; the maximum flood volume in six days was 6.427 billion cubic meters, 80% was from the South Branch and 20% was from the North Branch. In 1929, the total flood volume of the whole water system in 30 days was 3.836 billion cubic meters, with the south branch accounting for 42% and the North Branch 58%

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Hai He Liu Yu Zhong Bu Zhi Liu Da Qing He