Gubeikou Town, Miyun District, Beijing Municipality

Gubeikou town

Gubeikou Town, belonging to Miyun District of Beijing, is located in the northeast of Miyun District, 55 kilometers away from the urban area, with a total area of 85.82 square kilometers. By the end of 2019, the total population is 9234. The town government is located in Gubeikou village, known as "the gateway of Yanjing" and "the key to the capital".

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the state of Yan built a pier at Gubeikou to prevent Donghu from invading, commonly known as Beikou. In 1946, Hedong and Hexi merged to restore Miyun District and set up Gubeikou town. In 1990, Gubeikou town was built. As of October 2019, Gubeikou town has jurisdiction over 4 neighborhood committees and 9 administrative villages. The main scenic spots are Simatai Great Wall, Gubeikou urn, yanglinggong temple, etc. On October 14, 2016, Gubeikou town was rated as the first batch of "towns with Chinese characteristics" by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development. On July 28, 2019, the Ministry of culture and tourism announced the list of Gubeikou village as the first batch of key Rural Tourism Villages in China.

In 2017, there were 38 enterprises in Gubeikou Town, with 3069 employees, including 18 industrial enterprises.

Historical evolution

Gubeikou has a long history of nearly 4500 years.

According to Tongxian tongkao and Miyun county annals, the Tang Dynasty belongs to Jizhou, and Yu belongs to Youzhou, which is called Jizhou.

Xia belongs to Jizhou. According to the records of Miyun County, Xia is a secluded province and Jizhou.

Business belongs to Jizhou, according to the "Miyun county annals" recorded: "Shang and Zhou still.".

The Western Zhou Dynasty belongs to Jizhou of Yan.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the state of Yan built a pier at Gubeikou to prevent Donghu from invading, commonly known as Beikou.

Qin 36 counties, Gubeikou is Youzhou Yuyang county.

In the Han Dynasty, according to historical records, "Yuyang County led yanle County, yaoyang county and Baitan county. Gubeikou belonged to yaoyang County of Yuyang county."

During the period of the unification of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei was still a Yuyang county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, according to historical records, "after emperor Hui, when the Three Kingdoms of later Zhao, former Yan and Former Qin came one after another, it belonged to Yuyang County of Youzhou."

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belongs to Yanluo County, Yuyang county. In Gubeikou, there is a stone wall, known as Tiemenguan.

In the Sui Dynasty, in the early years of kaihuang, the great wall of Yanji section was built to defend Qidan. Gubeikou became one of the 31 military towns of the Great Wall, belonging to Yanluo County of Anle county.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Yanluo county was merged into Miyun County and Tanzhou county. According to the book of the Tang Dynasty, Gubeikou once had the duty of guarding and catching. Gubeikou was named after the Tang Dynasty, because it was an important pass of the Great Wall to the north of Youzhou (now Beijing) in the Tang Dynasty.

In the Five Dynasties, shijingtang in the later Jin Dynasty cut Youyun sixteen prefectures to Liao, Gubeikou followed Tanzhou Miyun County to Liao.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty returned Zhuo, Yi, Tan, Shun, Jing and Ji to the Song Dynasty, and Gubeikou was recaptured by the Jin Dynasty after returning to the Song Dynasty with Miyun County.

Jintaihe five years (1025), set up Beikou City, is Miyun County, called liuwuling.

In Yuan Dynasty, Gubeikou post was set up. Still belongs to Tanzhou Miyun County.

In the 11th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1378), there were a thousand garrisons.

In 1397, Gubeikou Guancheng was promoted to Miyun guard, and it has five thousand households, left, right, middle, front and back.

In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Miyun County of shuntianfu.

In 1912, after the founding of the Republic of China, Gubeikou belonged to Miyun District of Hebei Province.

On January 15, 1934, Gubeikou was under the jurisdiction of Rehe provincial office.

On March 4, 1934, Gubeikou was under the jurisdiction of Jimi district administrative supervision office.

During the war of liberation, Gubeikou was under the jurisdiction of chengxingmi United county.

In 1946, Hedong and Hexi merged to restore Miyun District and set up Gubeikou town.

In 1961, Gubeikou commune was established.

In 1983, Gubeikou township was changed.

In 1990, Gubeikou town was built.

administrative division

In 1996, Gubeikou town governed nine administrative villages, including Gubeikou, Hexi, chaoguan, beidianzi, Tanghe, Beitai, Simatai, yangzhuangzi and Longyang, and four neighborhood committees, including Gubeikou, Beitou, nancaiyuan and Hexi.

As of October 2019, Gubeikou town has 4 neighborhood committees and 9 administrative villages, including nancaiyuan community neighborhood committee, Gubeikou community neighborhood committee, Beitou community neighborhood committee, Dongshan community neighborhood committee, Gubeikou village, Hexi village, chaoguan village, yangzhuangzi village, Longyang village, beidianzi village, Beitai village, Tanghe village and Simatai village.

geographical environment

Location context

Gubeikou town is located in the northeast of Beijing, 55 kilometers away from Miyun city. It is adjacent to Xinchengzi Township in the East, Taishitun town in the south, Gaoling town in the west, and Luanping county in Hebei Province in the north. It is located between 117 ° 17 ′ 30 ″ - 117 ° 03 ′ 58 ″ E and 40 ° 36 ′ 38 ″ - 40 ° 42 ′ 23 ″ n, covering an area of 85.82 square kilometers.

topographic features

Gubeikou town belongs to the Yanshan Mountains. It is located in the shallow hilly area of the Yanshan Mountains, south of Panlong and Wohu mountains. The altitude is 200-400 meters and the slope is 5-50 degrees. In the East, there are Panlong mountain and low hills; in the west, there are Wohu mountain and high hills with steep slope and great changes; in the south, there are Qingfeng and Diecui erling, Chaohe River flows from north to south, and there are floodplain and terraces along Chaohe River, forming a layout of "surrounded by mountains on all sides and flowing in one water".

climate

Gubeikou town belongs to warm temperate continental monsoon climate. In winter, there is more northwest wind and in summer, there is more south wind. In the four seasons, spring and autumn are short, summer and winter are long, and the seasonal characteristics are obvious. The annual average temperature is 8 ℃ ~ 10 ℃, and the annual precipitation is 600 ~ 650mm.

hydrology

Chaohe River flows through the junction area of Gubeikou Town, Shangdianzi Township and Taishitun town and into Miyun reservoir. There is base flow all year round. There is Xiaoqing River in Gubeikou village, which is seasonal and flows into Chaohe River all year round. The river bed in the city is about 230 meters.

natural resources

plant resources

There are many kinds of wild plants in Gubeikou area, most of which are shrubs and shrubs. There are pine and cypress, small Platycladus orientalis forest and pine forest in the eastern mountainous area; there are more than 100 kinds of trees such as Vitex negundo, Zizyphus jujuba, white grass, Toona sinensis and Ulmus pumila on the sunny slope; there are mainly wild chrysanthemum, artificial pine forest and Robinia pseudoacacia forest on the shady slope; there are more than 100 kinds of economic and ornamental trees such as apricot, peach, plum, jujube and pear on the main fruit forest; there are poplars on the riverbank and roadside; there are Sophora flavescens, Scutellaria baicalensis, Polygala tenuifolia and Schi There are more than 130 kinds of wild herbs, such as Ligusticum chuanxiong, Bupleurum chinense, Codonopsis pilosula, plantain, Platycodon grandiflorum, chuandilong, Pulsatilla chinensis, Atractylodes lancea, Banlan, etc.; there are nearly 100 kinds of wild herbs, such as mung bean, Pueraria lobata, purpurea officinalis, Bupleurum chinense, Mentha haplocalyx, Casuarina equisetifolia, plantain, seedling pulling, Pinus massoniana, rabbit silk, etc.

Animal resources

The wild animals in Gubeikou are wolf, leopard, roe deer, yellow wolf, fox, badger, hare, hedgehog, wild cat, squirrel, civet stick, horn worm; the birds are pheasant, grouse, owl, woodpecker, magpie, swallow, sparrow, duck, Heye, hubula, mountain magpie, mountain pigeon, hediao, Diyu, etc.; the fish are herring, grass carp, carp, catfish, crucian carp, Thick fish, soft shelled turtle, soft shelled turtle, loach, shrimp, sand Ding mouth, etc., insects have mole cricket, earthworm, scorpion, woodlouse, bee, dragonfly, snake, spider, firefly, flea, sticky bug, house lizard, snails, scarab, smelly bug, etc.

population

As of 2017, Gubeikou has a permanent population of 7340.

By the end of 2019, the total population of Gubeikou town is 9234, including 6708 agricultural population. The main ethnic groups are Han, man, Meng and Hui.

Economics

overview

In 2005, the comprehensive fishery income of Gubeikou town reached 5.1 million yuan, an increase of 21.4% over the same period.

In 2017, there were 38 enterprises in Gubeikou Town, with 3069 employees, including 18 industrial enterprises.

primary industry

In 1999, the grain sown area of Gubeikou town was 7705 mu, with a total yield of 2092 tons. The main crops were wheat, corn and miscellaneous grains. The total area of fruit trees is 4593 mu, and the main tree species are apple and chestnut. There are 549 large livestock in stock, including bee and wild vegetables, 7.5 tons of honey and 5 tons of wild vegetables.

In 2020, Gubeikou town will develop characteristic agricultural products and "one village, one product", mainly including yangzhuangzi winter jujube, Longyang vegetables, beidianzi peach, Beitai imperial onion, etc.

the secondary industry

Gubeikou town to clothing, textile, rubber, light manufacturing and other leading economic industries.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

In 2020, Gubeikou town will standardize the development of four folk villages, Gubeikou, Simatai, Hexi and Tanghe, with tourism industry as its characteristics.

Transportation

Gubeikou Town National Highway G101 Jingmi road transit.

History and culture

Original name

In the first year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1736), Emperor Qianlong passed by Gubeikou on his way to Rehe. He sighed at the beautiful scenery inside and outside the great wall and asked Liu Yong why it was named. Liu Yong truthfully replied: "it was called Beikou in the spring and Autumn period, chuxia in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and hubeikou in the Tang Dynasty." Because the word "Gu Guan" was found on the brick on the lintel of the south gate, and the word "Bei Kou" was found on the brick on the lintel of the north gate. Emperor Qianlong changed this place into "Gubeikou", which has been handed down to this day.

cultural relics and historic sites

Gubeikou battle dead soldiers cemetery is the base of patriotic education in Beijing. It is located at the foot of the Great Wall on the west side of Nanguan foreign road, Gubeikou Town, Miyun District, Beijing. It is a tall mound (commonly known as "meat mound grave") made of yellow sand. It is 6 meters high and 15 meters in diameter at the bottom. Around the tomb, there are more than 2 meters high flower walls with green bricks. There is a gate in the southeast and the gate tower is 3 meters high.

In January 1933, the Great Wall Anti Japanese war broke out. From March 10 to May 12, Kuomintang patriotic officers and soldiers bravely fought against the Japanese invaders in Gubeikou area. Many patriotic officers and soldiers died for the country. After the failure of the Great Wall Anti Japanese War, the Taoist of Gubeikou came forward to restrain the dead soldiers

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Shi Shi Xia Qu Mi Yun Qu Gu Bei Kou Zhen