Yazhou Town, Pingtang County, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province

Yazhou town

Yazhou town is located in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province. The total population is 24194 (2017). During the five years from 1998 to 2002, Yazhou town vigorously developed the production of flue-cured tobacco, which promoted the rapid economic growth of the whole town. The town's economy is dominated by agriculture, and ceramics are the classics of Yazhou, which is listed in the provincial intangible cultural heritage list

A brief introduction to the town

Location

Yazhou town is located in the middle of Pingtang County, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, bordering Bailong and Kaluo townships in the East and Southeast, Bairu and Xiliang townships in the south, Gudong and Zhangbu townships in the north, Datang and TongZhou townships in the West. Changzhai village, the town government's base, is 27 kilometers away from the county seat, and CE San highway passes through the town. Bianlan, Kala and other villages under its jurisdiction are connected with cesan highway by highways.

administration

The township governs 14 administrative villages: Xinzhai village, Changzhai village, Yongzhong village, Gaozhai village, Chenjiawan village, Baiyun Village, Jiaxian village, Baiyan village, Jiaben village, Baisha village, Fengpo village, Shishu village, bianlan village, WangSong village, 127 villager groups, 118 natural villages and more than 4780 households. There are 12 villages with tap water, 14 villages with electricity, 14 villages with highway, 5 villages with telephone and 8 villages with mail.

Population nationality

In 2002, the population of the town was 20700. The average number of people per square kilometer is 85, which is 21 less than the average number of the whole county. In the total population, the agricultural population is 20100, accounting for 97.1%, the minority population is more than 8020, accounting for 38.69%, and there are nine ethnic minorities such as Buyi and Miao. The Buyi population is more than 5100, accounting for 24.59% of the total population. There are more than 2820 Miao people, accounting for 13.59% of the total population. in 2017, the total population was 24194.

economic development

agricultural economy

The town's economy is dominated by agriculture. The main agricultural products are rice, corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean, sweet potato, pepper, flue-cured tobacco, peanut, rapeseed, etc. The area and yield of flue-cured tobacco ranked first in the county. Fruits include pears, peaches, plums and oranges. Forest products are Tung Tung seed, gallnut, palm, wood, etc. The projects carried out by rural non-agricultural industries mainly include coal mining, ceramics, transportation, construction, commerce, catering services, etc.

Agricultural data

From 1998 to 2002, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery reached 146.475 million yuan (90 prices, the same below), including 82.7793 million yuan of agricultural output value, accounting for 69%; 9.7818 million yuan of forestry output value, accounting for 10.18%; 45.8541 million yuan of animal husbandry output value, accounting for 20.73%; 68900 yuan of fishery output value, accounting for 0.09%. In 2002, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 23.9371 million yuan, an increase of 7.56% over the previous year and 43.55% over 1998. The total grain output reached 23500 tons in five years, including 16000 tons of rice, more than 4493 tons of corn, more than 443 tons of soybean and more than 1861 tons of wheat.

Characteristic agriculture

In the past five years, Yazhou town vigorously developed the production of flue-cured tobacco, promoted the rapid economic growth of the whole town, and greatly improved the living standards of the people. Six new mountain ponds for drinking water for human and livestock have been built, 785 mu of terraces have been transformed from slopes, 10 28 km village level roads have been built, 16 km village level roads have been expanded, 1 km cement road with a width of 9 m has been widened from the town government to the road entrance of cesan, and 10 street lamps have been installed. At the same time, the town also installed a 128 door program-controlled telephone exchange. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of village level cadres, the town Party committee and government introduced the economic management mechanism into the management track of village level cadres, and took the lead in implementing the monthly salary system of village level cadres combining rewards and punishments in the whole county. Yazhou town has the largest planting area of flue-cured tobacco in the county, and the production of flue-cured tobacco has gradually become the pillar industry of the town. In 1998, the town Party committee and government made great efforts to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. In that year, the production of flue-cured tobacco achieved eight growth areas, including area, yield, output value, price per kilogram, tax, average household income, superior tobacco leaves, and large tobacco growers. For the first time in the whole county, there were 6 large tobacco planting households with an output value of over 10000 yuan. In that year, 10755 mu of tobacco was planted in the whole town, with an output of 1116 tons, an output value of 3.675 million yuan and a profit tax of 1.183 million yuan.

Agricultural reform

In 1999, under the situation of the decline of flue-cured tobacco production in the whole county, the responsibility system of group contracting and piecewise contracting was decisively implemented. Due to the effective measures, the enthusiasm of tobacco growers was stimulated, and there were 13 large households with flue-cured tobacco output value exceeding 10000 yuan. Among them, tobacco farmer Yang Changhua was selected as Guizhou Province labor model and Guizhou Province tobacco expert. In that year, the town planted 5500 mu of tobacco, with an output of 465 tons, an output value of 2.6 million yuan and a tax of 520000 yuan. In 2000, the production of flue-cured tobacco rose to a new level, with the emergence of three villages, WangSong, Baiyun and Yongzhong, and seven villager groups, Shangba, Yakou, wengla, makoudong, Guji, Niuchang and Dachong, which created a tax of 100000-200000 yuan. The number of tobacco households with a household value of more than 10000 yuan has risen to 43, and there are two tobacco households with an output value of more than 20000 yuan. In that year, 6000 mu of flue-cured tobacco was planted in the town, with an output of 540 tons, an output value of 3.5 million yuan and a tax of 725000 yuan. In 2001, the proportion of flue-cured tobacco tax in the town's fiscal revenue increased from 50% to 75%, so Yazhou became one of the "top ten towns" in Qiannan Prefecture. Among the 2192 tobacco growers, the average household income was 4959 yuan, 132 of which had an output value of more than 15000 yuan, and 6 of which had an output value of more than 40000 yuan. In that year, 9000 mu of tobacco was planted, with an output of 468.25 tons, an output value of 8.0804 million yuan and a tax of 887000 yuan. In 2002, although the production of flue-cured tobacco was affected by the difficulty of tobacco marketing, Yazhou town still adhered to the belief of planting tobacco. The planting area of flue-cured tobacco was 9678 mu, the output was 860.4 tons, the output value was 8.4854 million yuan, and the tax was 1.697 million yuan, which was the best level in history. The average price was 493 yuan, an increase of 38.62 yuan or 8.5% over the previous year. There were 11 tobacco farmers whose output value was more than 20000 yuan, and 180 farmers whose output value was between 10000 yuan and 20000 yuan.

Resource status

Yazhou has a pleasant climate and hospitable people. It is the only way to the radio site of Kedu International Astronomical University, Tiankeng and Zhangbu scenic spots in Tangbian, and Jiacha scenic spot. It is located on the main road of transportation. It has rich coal resources, with reserves of more than 300000 tons. It has 13680 labor resources. It can use 15000 mu of barren mountains and build a 110KVA substation, which can guarantee foreign investment There are three dam areas, Xinzhai, Jiaxian and Changzhai, which are available for development and utilization, and the available land is up to 2000 mu. It is an ideal place for foreign investors to invest and set up enterprises.

Market town construction

In recent years, Yazhou town has increased investment projects and infrastructure construction. In October 2009, water was diverted from Kaluo township to build Yazhou water plant to solve the problem of safe drinking water for more than 6000 people and livestock around the town. Jiaben village pumping irrigation project, shuiluodong reservoir and water diversion project, bianlan village Yangchang pumping irrigation water diversion project, WangSong and Baiyun Village water diversion project have been completed to solve the problem of safe drinking water for human and livestock in Jiaben village, Chenjiawan village, Kala village, WangSong village, Baiyun Village and bianlan village. The construction of roads connecting villages and groups has been basically completed. Except for the Weigong access road of Yangliujing group in Baisha village, other villages have been connected with roads, and the traffic conditions are good. The road surface of market town streets is hardened, street lamps and other infrastructure are installed to brighten the market town environment.

Cultural tradition

Development of pottery

Ancient and simple Yazhou pottery,

Ceramic is the classic of dental boat

Yazhou pottery is produced in Yazhou Town, 26 kilometers away from the county seat. The rich clay resources and unique glaze raw materials in Yazhou town make it an ideal environment for ceramic production. According to records, Yazhou pottery began in the 16th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty and has a history of nearly 700 years. It began to take shape in the late Ming Dynasty and developed to more than 40 pottery kilns in the early Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, there were more than 100 small pottery workshops, and their products were sold to Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Guangxi and other places on horseback. Some missionaries brought Yazhou pottery to Europe. Yazhou pottery is famous for its exquisite craftsmanship and simple and honest shape. It is unique in China's ceramic industry and is highly ornamental and artistic. Yazhou pottery is a naturally cracked glass glaze process, which is mainly divided into tableware, utensils and toys. Among them, cups, plates, pots, tigers, cows, dogs and horses can be used for home furnishings and decoration, also known as art pottery. The folk Department of the China Art Museum has collected more than 100 pieces of Yazhou pottery. Yazhou pottery is based on yellow, white, green, purple, brown and brown, with glass as the basic glaze. Most of the products are living utensils and furnishings, animal toys and sacrificial utensils, with natural and simple shape, simple and bright lines, elegant and harmonious colors, and strong charm of unearthed cultural relics. Batik, embroidery and peach blossom patterns are selected in the design, which are embodied in relief. They are rich in decoration. All toys such as fish, animals, insects and birds are naturally colored and exquisitely carved. Today, Yazhou is still made by the ancient wheel method, and it follows the tradition of firing in dragon kiln.

Achievements of pottery

Since the 1960s, Yazhou pottery has been exhibited in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places as a representative work of Guizhou ceramic technology. In 1978, Professor Mei Jianying, director of the Ceramic Department of the Central Academy of fine arts, praised Yazhou pottery as "the most distinctive exhibit of ceramic exhibits in the national arts and crafts exhibition" in Beijing

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