Jianga Township, Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province

Jianga Township

Jianga township is located in the southernmost part of Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, 106 kilometers away from the county, with a total area of 138.3 square kilometers. Jianga Township governs 8 administrative villages, 38 natural villages and 52 villager groups. In 2018, there are 2648 households with a total population of 12027 people, including 10261 agricultural population and 98.3% ethnic minority population. The cultivated land area is 6234.9 mu, including 2594.5 mu farmland and 3640.4 mu land, with per capita cultivated land The land area is 0.6 mu, and the forest area is more than 2640 mu. Among them, 1650 mu of timber forest, 990 mu of fruit forest, and more than 100000 mu of barren hills and grass slope suitable for development and utilization. In 2003, the township was listed as a class I poverty-stricken Township in the new stage of poverty alleviation and development at the provincial, municipal and county levels. There are 8 class I poverty-stricken villages and 6 class II poverty-stricken villages in the township.

geographical environment

Jianga township is located at the southernmost end of Zhenning Autonomous County, between 105 ° 52 ′ 12 ″～ 105 ° 59 ′ 24 ″ E and 25 ° 25 ′ 19 ″～ 25 ° 32 ′ 24 ″ n. it borders on barao township of Wangmo County, Liangtian town and Liuma town of Zhenning Autonomous County, Lurong township of Zhenfeng County and Dabang township of Ziyun Autonomous County in Southeast and northwest respectively, and is in the junction of "four counties and six townships". After the opening of Huixing expressway, it is 85 km away from Zhenning Autonomous County, 150 km away from Guiyang, only 10 km away from the exit of leyun toll station of Huixing expressway, and only 25 km away from bacao wharf. The terrain in the area is mainly hilly, high in the north and low in the south, with an average altitude of 600 meters. The highest peak is the Bianjiao mountain in mode village, with an altitude of 1186 meters. The lowest point is the Qingshui River in Wengyuan village, with an altitude of 440 meters. Jianga township has a frost free period with an annual average temperature of 18-20 ℃ and an average temperature of 8-12 ℃ in winter. It is a subtropical low hot valley climate, known as "natural greenhouse", and has the advantages of low altitude and subtropical climate. Qingshui River flows from north to south through faruo, bahuai, wengjie, Wengyuan and other villages, passing through jianga Township, about 9 km long.

Resource status

agricultural resource

The total cultivated land area of the township is 8037 mu, including 2725 mu of farmland and 5312 mu of soil. There are more than 100000 mu of barren hills and grass slopes suitable for forestry and animal husbandry, and the forest coverage rate is 52.4%. The development of agricultural industry has a certain foundation. The traditional food crops are mainly corn and potato. In 2015, 3100 mu of corn and 2400 mu of potato were planted, with a total grain output of 2391 tons. It has planted 10000 mu of fast-growing eucalyptus, 5000 mu of honey plum, 1500 mu of walnut and 3000 mu of Pitaya. Animal husbandry industry is mainly scattered by farmers, and there is no large farm in the township. In 2015, the total meat output was 431 tons, and the per capita meat output was 35.8 kg. There are 3200 live pigs in stock, including 19 fertile sows and 3192 slaughter pigs; 1200 cattle, 698 slaughter pigs per year; 2686 sheep, 1200 slaughter pigs per year; 19245 poultry, 26854 slaughter pigs per year.

climatic resources

Jianga township is located in subtropical humid monsoon climate, with no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. It is rainy and hot in the same season. The annual average temperature is about 20 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 1026 mm, the relative humidity is 80%, and there is no frost period in the whole year. It has the prerequisite for developing winter tourism "warm jianga" theme tourism line.

River Resources

In jianga Township, there are le canal in the northwest, Yalang River in the north, Nayou River in the northeast and Yangjia River in the southeast, which flow into the township respectively. The rivers converge into Qingshui River and form Wengyuan reservoir in naxiao, xiranpo and wengjie, forming a distribution pattern of rivers, rivers and lakes. The bank line of Qingshui River runs through the southwest and southeast of the township, which has the basic conditions for developing water tourism, lake scenery tourism and Drifting Tourism .

Human resources of ethnic minorities

Moshang Buyi residential community, bahuai subtropical forest water dependent Buyi village, Boxi Buyi traditional village, Liangshan Gelao ancient village (one of the three existing Gelao independent villages in Zhenning), moshang ancient forest and village protection forest are important resources for tourism development. The profound and long-standing traditional culture of Buyi Nationality, such as farming and reading civilization, living customs, diet customs, dress customs, festival customs, marriage and childbirth customs, folk songs and dances, national musical instruments, folk literature, as well as the revolutionary history of the long march of the Red Army, constitutes the historical and cultural elements of tourism development in jianga township.

Population nationality

Jianga township has a large population of ethnic minorities, most of which are Buyi, followed by Han and Gelao. The ethnic festivals are rich and colorful, among which the most typical are March 3, June 6 and July 15. Buyi language family belongs to the third native language area, most of the language has not been sinicized, Gelao language still remains today, the national costume is simple and elegant.

social customs and habits

The Buyi people in jianga township are hospitable, warm-hearted, generous and sincere. Those who come to the Shanzhai, relatives and friends who are old and unknown, will treat each other with wine. Buyi people are very polite and do not welcome guests who are full of swearing and rude behavior.

All Buyi families in jianga Township live separately. However, although the brothers live apart, when they distribute their property, they should leave the land to their parents for their old age, and the brothers take turns in farming. After the death of their parents, the old-age care field was turned into a graveyard field for Tomb Sweeping during the Qingming Festival. So that future generations will always remember the earnest entrustment and nurturing kindness of their elders.

New year's day food custom

Some festivals are similar to those of the Han nationality, while others are exclusive to their own ethnic groups, such as "La Nian" (the last day of the first month), March 3 (the earth silkworm Festival), April 8 (the king of cattle Festival), June 6 (sacrifice to Pangu), Chixin Festival, etc. Among them, "cooked raw food" on the ninth day of the first lunar month, "sesame oil group rake" on the thirtieth day of the first lunar month, "baoguhua" on the third of March, "four-color glutinous rice" on the eighth of April, "boiled chicken" on the sixth of June, and so on, are mostly related to national legends and folk education.

Feasting customs

The Buyi people in jianga Township attach great importance to gifts and hospitality. When the distinguished guests arrive, there must be six wine gifts, such as "entrance wine", "Jiaobei wine", "Gedang wine", "Zhuanzhuan wine", "Qianbei wine" and "seeing off wine". If you offer pork, you wish the guests a good harvest in the coming year; if you offer chicken, the head of the chicken is given to the first guest, which means good luck, the wings to the second guest, which means take-off, and the legs to the third guest, which means down-to-earth. In the banquet, "toast song" and "Midnight Song" are also sung. The former is to encourage people to drink, while the latter is to sing all the items and food on the table to show their intelligence and talent.

marriage custom

Marriage is independent. When you get married, you should sing to each other, which is commonly known as "singing to sisters". On the evening when the bride comes to the man's home, she will hold activities to sing and ask for the purse, which is called "one night purse, one night song". Traditional festivals include March 3, April 8, June 6, new eating Festival and July half. "March 3" is a traditional and grand festival of Buyi people. From the beginning of rice cultivation on the third day of the third lunar month, it is necessary to sacrifice the mountain god, the land God, the ancestral God and the rice soul, and to make five colored glutinous rice for worship. In Southwest Guizhou, young men and women gather in the "chabai song field" to play mountain song, with thousands to tens of thousands of participants. Many unmarried young men and women get to know each other, fall in love with each other, and make a lifelong commitment by blowing leaves and singing songs.

Before liberation, the Buyi Nationality had the phenomenon of polygamy. The same surname can be intermarried, but the same surname and the same clan are strictly prohibited. There are also "Uncle table marriage" and the elder brother and younger brother and the end of the house transfer system customs. After liberation, like most ethnic groups, polygamy was abolished. The Buyi people advocate free love, and young men and women love freely before marriage. Unmarried young men and women all over the country like to express their feelings through chatting, laughing, singing and exchanging tunes in the way of free combination of three, five to seven or eight people by taking advantage of new year's festivals, markets and group gatherings. When a man falls in love with a girl, according to tradition, he must find a third party to accompany him. Some of them are introduced by his sister-in-law. If the woman wants to do so, she can make an appointment to go to a quiet place to sing folk songs and express her feelings. Until the two sides give each other a keepsake, it shows that they have vowed to each other for life.

At the time of engagement, the man's parents ask the matchmaker to go to the woman's home and send certain gifts such as wine, meat and harrow (Baba is indispensable in the gifts. If the Buyi people's family "dababa" is seen on a non-traditional Festival, it means that the family is preparing a wedding to marry the woman). If the other party agrees, the second matchmaker should regard the "eight characters" of both men and women as the "validation" of each other. As long as the "eight characters" match, the matchmaker can choose the date of marriage. In this area, the amount of betrothal gifts is particularly particular about the number of "six" or "double". It is said that the homonym of "six" is Lu, which means that if you have a fortune after marriage, you will be blessed. When they get married, the bridegroom doesn't welcome them. He only invites a few young men and women who are friendly to each other. The bride usually walks to the man's house with an umbrella, and some of them ride a horse or a sedan chair. On the day of marriage, the newlyweds have different rooms and return to their mother's home the next day. The Buyi people in the area where they live still have the custom of "staying at their husband's home" or "sitting at home". Some live in their husband's house for two or three years or even five or six years. Most of the Buyi people in the mixed area have got rid of this custom.

National taboo

Visitors to Buyi people's homes are not allowed to touch shrines and offering tables. Tripods beside the fire pool are taboo to trample on. Buyi people are used to offering wine to their guests, so they should drink a little more or less. No one is allowed to touch and cut down the Shanshen tree and daluohan tree in Buyi village. Even numbers must be given to Buyi people. If a child is weak and ill, his parents should look for a protector, Godfather and godmother. There are two ways to find Godfather and godmother: one is to wait at home on a lucky day, and the first person who comes to the door within three days is the protector of the child; the other is to wait for the first passer-by on the road on a lucky day with the parents leading the child. Some Bouyei people do not eat

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng An Shun Shi Zhen Ning Bu Yi Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Xian Jian Ga Xiang