Oanaxi Township, Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

The town of the Naxi

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Located in the southwest edge of Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, the Naxi township is located between 100 ° 3 ′ - 100 ° 30 ′ E and 27 ° 43 ′ - 28 ° 45 ′ n. It is bounded by the chongtian River in the east of Yiji Township, the watershed in the northeast of Ninglang Township and ziluohou mountain, the Jinsha River and chongtian River in the south of Lijiang City and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province, Shangri La County in Yunnan Province in the West and southwest, and Daocheng County in Ganzi Prefecture in the northwest.

Climatic characteristics

The highest altitude is 4418 meters, and the lowest is only 1480 meters in Sanjiangkou, Pingzi, Sichuan, which is the lowest altitude in Muli County. The average altitude of the whole township is about 2200 meters. The larger rivers are Dongyi River, Longda River, chongtian River, Zhuozi River and Jinsha River. The three-dimensional climate distribution in the territory is significant, the alpine climate is cold, and yaks are mainly raised. Residential areas are distributed in the second half of the mountain and low mountain valley. The area along Jinsha River and chongtian river has a subtropical climate with an average annual temperature of 15.5 ℃. The frost free period is about 260 days and the annual rainfall is 800-1000 mm.

National evolution

"Oya" is Nash, which means dayanbao (named after the local local officials who built on Dashi in order to prevent foreign invasion). Before 1647 A.D., Oya was occupied by mutianwang, a chieftain of Lijiang. In 1647 A.D., mutianwang was defeated by jialuzha, a Han nationality, and Oya was occupied by Jiajia, the head of Zhongdian. In 1674, the Tibetan army entered Zhongdian and ordered Muli Chieftain to send troops. Muli Lama sangbu (songdian Rongbu) led his troops to fight and defeated Jiajia army. Due to his meritorious service in the war, the fifth Dalai Lama of Tibet issued a document in September 1675 to reward Muli with five villages including Russia and Asia. Since then, Russia and Asia were under the jurisdiction of Muli chieftain until the eve of liberation.

natural resources

The cultivated land area of the township is 8466 mu, 1.5 mu per capita, including 313 mu of rice. The forest area is 20163 hectares, which is a part of the protection forest and timber forest along the Jinsha River and chongtian river. The main crops are corn, rice, wheat, barley, potato, etc.; the economic crops are pepper, pumpkin, etc.; the economic trees are citrus, pepper, walnut, etc., and the animal husbandry is relatively developed. there are abundant resources in the rural areas of the Naxi nationality. (1) abundant hydropower resources, including chongtian River, Longda River and Dongyi River, have good prospects and great potential for hydropower development; (2) the grassland area in the territory is 9318 hectares, especially the natural grassland along Longda River and Dongyi River in high mountains and Kawa, Libi, Suo and Lushi villages in low mountains, with abundant water and grass, wide grassland area and unique advantages for the development of animal husbandry. (3) mineral resources: such as gold and silver, especially gold. Among them, Dongyi River, Zhuozi River, Longda River and chongtian River are rich in gold reserves. The famous Longda gold mine was mined as early as the end of the Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, the 24 armies of Wang Longyun in Yunnan and Liu Wenhui, the warlord in Sichuan, successively mined the mine. During this period, there were several events to drive out the mine, causing thousands of casualties.

Population health

In 2006, the township governs 6 administrative villages, 28 villager groups and 50 natural villages, with a total area of 587 square kilometers. There are 951 households of Naxi, Tibetan, Han and Bai nationalities, with a total population of 5850. Among them, there are 3632 Naxi people, accounting for 62% of the total population; 1396 Tibetan people, accounting for 23.9% of the total population; 813 Han people, accounting for 13.9% of the total population; 5 Bai people, accounting for 0.1% of the total population; and 4 Yi people, accounting for 0.1% of the total population. 873 rural households, agricultural population 5694 people, accounting for 97% of the total population. Before the establishment of the county, Russia was under the jurisdiction of Muli Temple Yamen. There were 309 households of common people and 37 households of tenants. The chieftain of Muli appointed the local head as the local official, which was called "Muguan" (hereditary), and granted the position of Gusha. Another official from the Yamen of Muli temple was stationed there to manage local affairs with the Muli official. In October 1953, when the township was set up, it was set up as the township of the Russian Naxi nationality, which was subordinate to the first district. When the township was first built, it had 5 administrative villages and 50 natural villages, with a total of 2660 people in 388 households. After the reorganization in October 1972, it was transformed into the Russian Asian people's commune, with a total of 6 production teams and 19 production teams under its jurisdiction. In 1983, the establishment of the township was restored, with 6 villages and 28 villager groups under the jurisdiction of the township. In November 1984, with the approval of the provincial people's government, it was rebuilt into a township of the Russian Naxi nationality. Township government in Russia's Yada village, 1980 meters above sea level, 300 kilometers away from the county. currently, there is one hospital and four doctors in the township. The township party committee and government always put the health of the masses in the first place, and strengthened the prevention and control of key diseases. The township hospital receives about 1200 patients every year. Four cooperative medical stations at the village level have been established to do a good job in drug management and supervision, which has initially changed the phenomenon of lack of medicine and difficult treatment in rural areas.

tourist resources

Dacun ancient village has a history of more than 500 years. In order to protect this fertile land from foreign invasion, the Naxi ancestors built their houses around Dacun Rock Fort. After hundreds of generations of efforts, they have become the most spectacular primitive ancient buildings in the country, attracting the attention of ethnic workers all over the world. They are known as "the ancient Naxi city is in Lijiang, Yunnan, and the ancient Naxi village is in muliya, Sichuan" statement. The houses of Naxi people are generally made of wood and stone and supported by wooden columns. The houses are generally three floors, with the lowest floor as the animal pen and the middle floor as the main house. They are separated by wooden boards, paved with floors, equipped with fire pool bedrooms and warehouses, and the highest floor as the grass floor and drying dam. The floors are mostly paved with clay, and the stairs are mostly made of single wood. Generally, there are hundreds of houses in the whole village. Each house can be unblocked, row upon row, and scattered. When visitors enter the ancient village, it's like entering a labyrinth outside the world, and it's hard to find a way out of the village. In 2006, the ancient village of YadA village in Russia was a provincial "cultural relic protection unit" in Sichuan Province. the famous Tiger Leaping Gorge, the first bay of the Yangtze River, is located in the upper reaches of Pingzi, Sichuan Province; Yading, a famous scenic spot in the snow covered plateau, borders RUSI village in Russia and Asia; Shangri La County, a famous plateau tourist attraction, is connected with Suo village, a village of the Russian Naxi nationality. Therefore, the village of the Russian Naxi nationality has been classified as one of the scenic spots in the great Shangri La ecotourism area in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, and is a tourist attraction at home and abroad Popular Shangri La is the only way to "hike".

national culture

Dongba culture and Naxi folk custom have become a place for many cultural celebrities and lovers at home and abroad. Naxi people have their own characters, which are pictographs of appearance, called "Dongba characters". Dongba dance has its own characteristics. It is performed by Dongba group in sacrifice, funeral and other religious activities, which has a strong religious color. Both men and women of Naxi like to drink yellow rice wine and butter tea. During the meal, the whole family sat around the fire pool, and the housewife gave each person a share of food to eat around the fire pool. Making pig fat and cooking rice wine before Chinese New Year is also a tradition of Naxi people. The marriage of Naxi people is monogamous or polyandry. With the implementation of the marriage law, the phenomenon of polyandry is decreasing year by year. These ancient and primitive customs form the unique cultural landscape of the Naxi nationality township, which is the best research topic for Naxi culture researchers. In 2006, the customs of the Naxi people in Liangshan Prefecture were rated as intangible cultural heritage.

Rural economy

In 2006, the output value of agriculture was 13.48 million yuan, an increase of 60% over 1990. The per capita net income of farmers was 1642 yuan, an increase of 16% over 1990. The total grain output was 2564 tons, an increase of 35% over 1990. The per capita grain output was 450 kg, an increase of 25% over 1990. Among them, the corn planting area was 60826 mu, and the total output was 1108 tons. The planting area of hybrid corn is 4420 mu, and the yield is 1100 tons. The promotion of hybrid varieties ranks first in the county. Since the comprehensive promotion of hybrid corn, the average per mu has increased by 98 kg. Animal husbandry is one of the main sources of increasing farmers' income. The implementation of the three supporting measures of human, grass and animal husbandry, and the active development of animal husbandry, in 2006, the total number of large livestock in the township reached 35227, 10% less than that in 1990, with a per capita of 6.2. In 2006, the total output of meat was 586 tons, reaching 102 kg per capita. The per capita income of livestock industry is 200 yuan. Since the implementation of the "natural forest resources protection project" in 1998, by 2006, 4500 mu of farmland has been converted to forest, and 5000 mu of barren hills have been afforested, maintaining ecological balance and preventing soil erosion. With the development of economic and fruit industry in the township, the enthusiasm of planting trees in the township is high. In 2006, the output of walnut reached 75 tons, 20% higher than that in 1990; the output of pepper reached 44 tons, 9% higher than that in 1990; all kinds of fruits reached 124 tons, 27% higher than that in 1990; the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen increased by 120 yuan from forestry. the Naxi township is one of the townships with no roads in the county. The transportation of goods and materials in the county is mostly carried by people and horses. There are post roads between the villages. Due to the scattered residence and mountainous area, caravan transportation has become the main means of transportation. The main daily necessities, agricultural materials and agricultural and sideline products produced by farmers and herdsmen in the township are purchased and sold in Yongning Township, Lijiang City, Shangri La County and Daocheng County of Yunnan Province.

infrastructure

In 1999, there was only one small hydropower station with an installed capacity of 55 kW in the Naxi nationality township. From 1991 to 1999, except for the big village, the whole township was newly built

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Liang Shan Yi Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Mu Li Cang Zu Zi Zhi Xian E Ya Na Xi Zu Xiang