Diexi Town, Mao County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

diexi

Diexi town is located in the northwest of Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, 55 kilometers away from the East Bank of Minjiang River. Diexi town is also known as Canling town. In 1387, Diexi qianhusuo was set up, which has jurisdiction over Diexi and Yulang. At the beginning of Shunzhi period in Qing Dynasty, diexiying was set up, which governed Jiaochang, qizhuzhai, Daxing, Songping and other villages.

On December 18, 2019, Sichuan Provincial People's Government approved Aba Prefecture to adjust the administrative divisions of some towns and townships in 10 counties (cities) including malkang city (cfzm [2019] No. 22): Taiping Town, shidaguan Township and songpinggou Township were abolished, and their administrative areas were put under the jurisdiction of Diexi Town, and Diexi Town People's government was stationed at No. 68, group 1, Jiaochang village.

Laodiexi town

Diexi earthquake:

Introduction to earthquake

Location of epicenter

Northern Maoxian County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China

Magnitude

Grade 7.5

Epicenter intensity

10 degrees

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Earthquake description

Anomalies before earthquakes

The dog cries, the sheep hisses, the snake startles the rat, the crow cries miserably, and the hen sichen.

The course of the earthquake

When the earthquake happened, there was a big bang in the sky, and the earth began to shake violently. There was a huge noise in the ground, mixed with the rumble of the ground. The wind and sand rolled in, and people's ears, eyes, mouth and nose were filled with dust. They were dazzled and couldn't see far away. They saw that there were big cracks in the nearby land, which opened and closed, and the earth fell down. People couldn't move on the ground and lost their will. After a minute, the earth's crust stopped shaking, but the huge rumbling around it continued, and the sand and stones continued to fly. Three hours later, the dust and fog stopped, and then the distance could be distinguished, the sun went down, the rivers and mountains changed, and the city's outline could be preserved. Be destroyed on one day, the ancient Qiang Town, which has more than 270 Qiang people and an important military stronghold in ancient times, was destroyed by the earthquake, leaving only a broken Town God's Temple. The statue of the City God was also smashed to pieces by the stones. Half a solemn face and a round eye were buried in the dust.

While Diexi was destroyed, seismographs all over the world also received the signals of earth shaking, and niaohufeng and Nanjing seismic stations recorded the seismic waves of the disaster almost at the same time; more than 100 earthquakes occurred in Manila, Daban, Medan, Mumbai, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Honolulu, Paris, Tunisia, Sydney, Toronto, Wellington, Ottawa, La Paz, etc All stations have received this terrible shock wave.

When the earthquake happened, there was yellow fog on the ground, and there was no city. A shepherd boy flew over the two mountains. The huge landslides cut off the flow of the Minjiang River and dammed it into a lake. At 19:00 on October 9, 1933, the earthquake Lake collapsed, the flood poured out of the lake, the thunderbolt rocked the mountain, and the dust and fog blocked the sky, causing serious floods in the lower reaches. More than 4000 bodies were retrieved in Guanxian County alone. Diexi earthquake and flood caused by the earthquake killed more than 20000 people.

Earthquake impact

After the earthquake, houses collapsed, and it rained heavily that night. The earth was shaking from time to time, and stones were rolling down the mountain from time to time. The disaster continued to ravage the earth. People who survived the disaster in the great earthquake panicked. Sleeping in the wilderness, struggling with hunger and cold.

During the great earthquake, the Minjiang River was blocked by three collapsed rocks along the banks of yinpingya, Daqiao and Diexi, and three dams appeared. The main stream of Minjiang River was cut off, and the river water above yinpingyanian dam was forced to flow back to the north, carrying sand and stones, and then it flooded to Shawan and houerzhai two hours later. Two days later, it was flooded to Pu'an. Four days later, the lake water poured back to the spring cliff and flooded the Guanyin temple. The water level rose more than 300 meters. From then on, a plain lake appeared in the high mountain gorge, winding up to 30 Li and about 4 Li wide, which was called shanghaizi. At the same time, songpinggou, Shuimogou, yuerzhaigou and other places collapsed, forming 11 big and small Haizi, submerging a large number of fields and houses.

More than a month after the earthquake, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River were rainy, the river water rose sharply, and the Haizi lake water increased with each passing day. At 7:00 p.m. on October 9, Diexi Haizi waterfall burst, and the accumulated water poured out. The wave head was as high as 20 feet, standing on the wall, and the turbid waves emptied. The rapids rush to Maoxian and Wenchuan at the speed of 30 kilometers per hour. At 3 a.m. the next day, the flood peak still rushed to Guanxian county with a water head of 4 Zhang high, and both sides of the river were swept away by the peak flood. Dozens of villages such as dadingguan, shidaguan, musubu, songjibu, Changning, Qiangou, huaguoyuan, shuicaoping, Daheba, Weizhou, qipangou, Mianchi, xingwenping, Taipingyi and zhongtanpu along the river in Maoxian and Wenchuan were destroyed. The inner and outer rivers of Dujiangyan were washed into pebbles, and hanjiaba, anlanqiao, xingongyuzui, Jingang dyke, flume, Feisha weir, herringbone dyke, channel engineering and flood control dyke were swept away. Neighboring Chongning, Pixian, Wenjiang, Shuangliu, Chongqing, Xinjin and other places were all affected by the disaster. According to incomplete statistics, the death toll is about 2500.

Earthquake disaster

In a volume of archives of the Republic of China, the message translated by Yao Weizhuang 14 days after the earthquake recorded that the disaster situation report of Sichuan provincial government received by Nanjing national government was "urgent". The executive yuan of Nanjing National Government, the Military Commission, the Ministry of the interior, the Ministry of Finance, and the Relief Commission of Nanjing national government all learned that the earthquake occurred at about 2:00 p.m. in Maoxian county The situation is very turbulent. According to the investigation report, Diexi town in Maoxian county was completely collapsed, about 30 Li from the north to the South and 50 Li from the east to the West. The mountains of songpinggou collapsed, the rivers in the upper reaches of Minjiang River blocked, Songmao Avenue no longer has access, and the situation of Songcheng is still unknown. The casualties and property losses of the people are extremely huge. All villages are affected. Houses, walls, roads and bridges are damaged. If there is any unexpected disaster, please send a telegram for relief Wait. According to the investigation, a severe earthquake occurred in Maoxian County, and Diexi town collapsed. The disaster was extremely serious. Due to the blocked roads in Songpan county and other places, the severity of the disaster has not yet been found out. In addition to the investigation by Deng Jun and the reply by the investigation department of Songxian and Maoxian counties ordered by our government, we have specially sent a telegram to report the disaster and issued a large sum of money as soon as possible for emergency relief. The government of Sichuan Province has made a great contribution to the development of China's economy

In the national archives, we also found a letter from Deng xihou, commander of the 28th army of the National Revolutionary Army, to the chairman of the Nanjing National Government after the secondary flood: "the previous time, Maoxian County in Western Sichuan was located in Diexi county. Because of the violent earthquake, landslides collapsed, rocks crossed the river, and the accumulated water was deep enough to form a sluice, which was more than 100 feet deep. The name was Shawan, and the deep pool was everywhere Famous bridge, small bridge, songpinggou, yuerzhai. The loss of life and property of residents along the river is incalculable. The value of damaged Tun highway is more than 70000 or 80000 On October 12, according to a telegram from Jun Shouwen, Yang county chief of Guanxian County, the flood in the late night washed away hanjiaba, anlanqiao, xingongyuzui, jingangdi, pingshuidao, feishayan and Renzi dyke, and the downstream areas of Tianyi street, taziba, nongtanwan and Anshun bridge. By the early hours of the morning, thousands of people had been drowned, 5000 or 6000 had escaped, and it was hard to win even if property fields and houses were lost, especially large and small weirs and embankments. According to a telegram from Guanxian branch of the Red Cross Society of China and other organizations and corporations, the flood hit the counties of Mao, Li and Wenchuan at midnight, Chongning, PI, Wen, Shuang, Chongqing and Xincheng at the end of the day Now we are in charge of the country when we meet Shengming. If a man gets what he wants, he will be pushed into the ditch. The Central Economic Committee and the central relief committee were ordered to borrow one million yuan for cotton and wheat. In addition, the Sichuan economic branch was set up, and the relief branch was responsible for keeping the special fund for the purpose of dredging and repairing weirs for disaster relief. The number is not enough, we hope to speed up the nuclear pull-out. If you have more than enough, you will certainly take it back.

Audience narration

Zhang Xueyan, who was the county magistrate of Mao County at the time of the earthquake, wrote an article entitled "personal experience of Diexi earthquake" on August 18, 1960, which described the relief process of the government at that time as follows: "the Tuen District suffered from the above two catastrophes (earthquake and flood). He appealed from various aspects, although he also received some sporadic relief funds, it was useless in the end, but the cost of making disaster books and writing fees were on the contrary I spent a lot of money and asked for better arrangements for the aftermath, but there was no hope at all. At that time, Liu Xiang was trying to unify the military and government of Sichuan. After several contacts, he seemed to care about the nation, saying that he would send people into the mountains with money, and help build roads and dredge hukou. After seeing the huge project, it is still perfunctory. After another period of time, the Red Cross Society of Qingdao, Shandong Province, sent its staff to the earthquake and flood stricken areas, like an international relief organization. The county government sent people to accompany them, which also cost some money. But when they left, they said that they would come to a meeting to decide, and they would come back when they released the relief. I've been looking forward to it for a long time, but I can't get it. In total, there were two disasters. About 10000 people were killed and injured, and the loss of property was at least more than 200000 yuan (detailed figures, long years, I can't remember clearly). The mountain area had a weak foundation, so it was hard to recover. What shall I do? As a result, it is still "on the spot, relying on the people to help themselves". On the one hand, emergency relief is provided to maintain food and clothing for the time being, and on the other hand, thatched cottages are built high above the original town, so that the victims will not be displaced. At the same time, a small number of relief funds were distributed to persuade them to seek their own way out. Later, it was learned that the livelihood of some of the victims was gradually restored, but there were also many people who had been struggling with hunger and cold for a long time. The KMT government had always given little help to them. "

Folk assistance

In order to control the earthquake disaster and its aftereffects, disaster relief organizations such as "Earthquake Relief Committee" and "dredging and supporting Association" were spontaneously organized in Maoxian county and Guanxian county. They donated money to dredge the accumulated water in Diexi river. The government allocated 12000 yuan and mobilized 500 migrant workers to use the method of work relief. Guo Yuzhong, the Colonel's staff officer, was in charge of supervising the work and dredging. In December 1933, the disaster relief committee was established The first phase will be completed in April next year

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng A Ba Cang Zu Qiang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Mao Xian Die Xi Zhen