Dawenkou Town, Daiyue district, Tai'an City, Shandong Province

Dawenkou town

Dawenkou town belongs to Daiyue district, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, with a total area of 100 square kilometers, 48 administrative villages and a population of 80000.

In January 2019, Dawenkou town was selected as the seventh batch of famous historical and cultural towns in China.

Historical evolution

Dawenkou was first named in Ming Dynasty, because it is located at the confluence of chaiwen River and Dawenhe River. It was a ferry in ancient times, so it was named. In 1912, it belonged to Wenyang District of Tai'an County. In 1928, it belonged to the eighth district. In 1938, it belonged to Wenkou district. In 1939, it belonged to Taixi county. In 1942, it was changed to Taining County. Linwen District of Taixi County in 1948.

In June 1949, Taixi county was abolished and returned to Taian County. In October of the same year, it was transferred to Taining County. Then, Taining County was abolished and returned to Tai'an County. It was changed to the seventh district in 1951. Dawenkou town was rebuilt in 1953. It was changed into a commune in 1958. It was changed to an office in June 1984. Dawenkou town was rebuilt in 1985. The town got its name from the village where the organ was stationed.

administrative division

The town governs Xinghua, Taiping, Heping, Shanxi Street, Caojiazhuang, weijiazhuang, Songjiazhuang, Wangjiayuan, Dongwu, Tumen, Yandong, Yanxi, Yannan, Yanbei, Shendong, Shenxi, Baizi, dongdawu, xiddawu, beidawu, majiadawu, chejiawa, nanxiyao, beixiyao, shangjiayuan, jiaojiazhuang, Qianzhou, Houzhou, pengxudian, Shijiazhuang, Liushi, Chenshi There are 48 administrative villages and 44 natural villages in Haoshi, Hangshi, Hushi, nanchouquan, pangjiazhuang, Yangjiazhuang, chengjiazhuang, shuangyangdian, Wangzhuang, Dahou village, guojialou, sunjiamiao, Yuejiazhuang and Dongzhuang.

geographical environment

Dawenkou town is located in the south of Daiyue district, Tai'an City, Shandong Province. It is adjacent to manzhuang town in the north, Ningyang County in the south, Fangcun town in the East and Mazhuang town in the West. It covers an area of 98 square kilometers. The town office is located in Dawenkou Xincheng street, 26.5km away from Taicheng.

Dawenkou town has developed transportation and convenient communication. The Beijing Shanghai railway, 104 National Highway, Beijing Fuzhou Expressway, Beijing Shanghai Expressway and the Beijing Shanghai high speed railway to be built run through the north and south of the town. The products are easy to export.

famous scenery

Dawenkou town has convenient transportation, superior natural environment, many cultural relics, scenic spots and historical sites. There are many important places of interest, such as Dawenkou cultural site, famous ancient architecture Shanxi guild hall, Xinggong Huangying built by Emperor Kangxi during his southern tour, the "No.1 ancient stone bridge in Jiangbei" built in Longqing period of Ming Dynasty, Yunting mountain, the place where emperors granted Zen, Wenhe ancient ferry, one of the eight cultural landscapes in Tai'an, Wenjiang City, 500 meters east of Dawenkou town.

Dawenkou site

Dawenkou site

It is distributed on the Wenhe River in Dawenkou Town, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, in the south of Dawenkou village. Dawen River runs through the East and West, and is divided into two parts: the south part is in the west of Baotou village in Ningyang County, and the north part is in the east of weijiazhuang village in Tai'an County.

Dawenkou site is a famous Neolithic site in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China. It was first discovered in 1959. The site was excavated by Shandong Provincial Museum, and it was identified as a late Neolithic remains. In 1964, archaeologists named Dawenkou site and its similar cultural relics Dawenkou Culture. In 1974, 1977 and 1978, several excavations were carried out.

Dawenkou site dates from 3500 BC to 2500 BC, and the cemetery belongs to the patrilineal clan society. Dawenkou site covers an area of 820000 square meters. Among the 5400 square meters excavated, 133 tombs and one pottery kiln have been found.

The tombs are all rectangular earth pit tombs, of which 14 have wooden coffin style burial utensils; many tombs have burial objects, mainly pottery, including red pottery, painted pottery, gray pottery, black pottery and white pottery; the representative pottery are ding, Dou, pot, back pot, pot, cup, Zun, bottle, helmet shaped ware, etc., as well as jade shovels as ritual utensils, exquisite openwork Ivory comb, bone carving tube inlaid with turquoise, etc Typical relics, from the exquisite degree of these funerary objects, we can see that the hand-made at that time had been quite professional and reached a high level.

At that time, it was popular to bury zhangya in tombs. Near the finger bones of the dead, there were zhangya or zhangya hook shaped utensils, and some were buried with tortoise shells. There are different numbers of pig bones buried in 43 tombs, and there are 14 pig skulls in the most tombs. Some scholars believe that the pig head is a symbol of private property, which indicates that there was obvious polarization between the rich and the poor at that time, indicating that private ownership has emerged.

In the past 30 years, more than 200 sites belonging to Dawenkou Culture have been found in northern Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. They began in 4300 BC and developed into Longshan Culture in Shandong around 2500 BC. The discovery of Dawenkou Culture and the determination of its inheritance relationship with Shandong Longshan culture prove that Shandong and Northern Jiangsu are a cultural area with Dawenkou Culture and Shandong Longshan culture as the main body and forming its own system.

Shanxi guild hall

It is located at the north end of Mingshi bridge on Dawen River, including Guandi temple and theater. According to the records of rebuilding temples, Guandi temple was built in 1693. According to the records of rebuilding Guansheng emperor's temple, the temple was built on June 14, 1725, because of the narrow system and the dilapidated appearance. In addition, according to the records of Guandi temple, it was founded on the seventh day of November in 1759. It can be seen that the Shanxi guild hall in Dawenkou was built in two phases, and then walls and East and West gates were built to integrate the Guandi temple with the theater. The temple was built and the theater was funded by Shanxi people. It was a place for Shanxi people to gather and receive officials and businessmen from Shanxi. So it was named Shanxi guild hall. Shanxi guild hall has a total area of 2283 square meters. The South courtyard is a theater building, with an area of 1540.5 meters and a capacity of more than 3000 spectators. The north courtyard is a Guandi temple, with an area of 742.5 square meters and a north facing south. The gate of the temple is located in the middle and faces south. It has a style of Mountain Gate, with a bell tower in the East and a drum tower in the West. Entering the temple gate, the hall is the main hall of Guan Shengdi, where the statue of Guan Yu is worshipped. East Hall for God of wealth, West Hall for God of fire, there are exquisite murals. The whole building is magnificent, with double eaves and tiles, carved beams and painted buildings. It has become a witness of the prosperous business in Dawenkou town.

Dawenhe ancient stone bridge

From the southwest gate of Dawenkou in the north to Chapeng village in Ningyang County in the south, the bridge has 65 holes, with a total length of 221.8 meters. This ancient bridge, which has been built for more than 400 years, has been changing its appearance for hundreds of years, from simple to solid, from section to whole. According to legend, the ancient ferry of Dawen River was a simple wooden bridge at the beginning. It was not until the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty that an integral stone bridge across Dawen River was built, and it was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. According to the records of Tai'an County, "Jiang Guisong in the Qing Dynasty was a porridge man, who started his career by attacking stones. He is generous and generous, and gives money to the poor. Dawenkou stone bridge, long span Li Xu. Yongzheng eight years (1730) destroyed, the cost of expensive work, no one dare to bear the matter. Song donated money to advocate repair. It's not expected. The pedestrians were quick, and they donated money to build the stone bridge over the Jinhe River. It costs more than 2000 yuan. " The stone bridge was completed in 1741, the sixth year of Qianlong reign. The people in Dawenkou felt his righteous deeds and set up a monument to record his deeds, which was titled "Jianggong bridge". Later, the monument was damaged during the construction of Wen River dam. The stone bridge built by Jiang Guisong is better than the original bridge of Ming Dynasty in height, length, stone and construction quality. The deck is made of Taishan granite. Each slab is more than 3 meters long, 50 cm wide and 30 cm thick. Five slabs are used side by side to form a bridge deck with a width of 2.5 meters. The vertical and horizontal joints of the slab bridge are clamped with hammer shaped grillage, which is very solid. The length of each hole is 3.3 meters, and the piers are made of marble.

Wenjiangcheng

It is about 500 meters northeast of Dawenkou town. Today, there is a platform 1.8 meters above the ground, covering an area of about 2600 square meters, which is a municipal cultural relics protection unit. There are nearly two meters thick cultural layers around the historic site, including pots, pots, slate tiles, urn beans, pots and pieces of broken pottery. According to textual research, it is an ancient architectural site from the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period. Wenjiang was the wife of Duke Huan of Lu in the spring and Autumn period. Wenjiang city is a palace built for Wenjiang to return from Lu to Qi. According to historical records, when Wen Jiang returned to the state of Qi, he "followed as cloud and water". We can see how huge the entourage was and how spectacular the scene was. It is said that the Wenjiang city built at that time was a palace style building with carved beams and painted columns. The size of the palace and when it was destroyed can not be verified.

Yunting mountain

It is located 3 kilometers north of Dawenkou town. Although the mountain is not high, it is famous. It is the place where the ancient emperors granted Zen. When Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty granted Mount Tai to the East, he once "granted this God the Marquis of Zen.". According to the book of Fengchan in historical records, Fuxi, Shennong, Yandi, Huangdi, and Taishan are the most famous Buddhist temples in China. Tang Xuanzong's Ji Tai Shan Ming says: "the seventy-two emperors who sealed Mount Tai in ancient times were either Chan yunyun or Chan Tingting.". Starting from Yunting mountain, it is 1200 Li north to Beijing and 1200 Li south to Nanjing. It is the center of the two capitals, and also an important traffic route between the north and the south in ancient times. In ancient times, there were temples on the top of Yunting mountain. The gate of the temple faces east with proper layout, majestic momentum and solemn silence. There is Kuixing Pavilion in the south. You can go through Kuixing Pavilion and enter the mountain gate. After two doors, there is a two-story hall, covered with yellow tiles, resplendent. There are vivid statues in the hall. There is a grandmother temple in the front and a platform for the emperor to sacrifice the land in the back. Inside and outside the temple, the pines and cypresses are green and cool. In ancient times, Yunting mountain was surrounded by water and dense trees. There is a traditional temple fair every spring. When the fair comes, it is very busy.

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng Tai An Shi Dai Yue Qu Da Wen Kou Zhen