Guoan Yao Township, Pingnan County, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Guoan Yao nationality township

Guoan Yao township is located in the northernmost mountain area of Pingnan County. The township government is located in guoanwei, 51 kilometers away from the county. It is connected with Malian Yao Township in the East, Siwang town in the south, Dapeng Township in the West and Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County in the north. With a total area of 143 square kilometers, the township has 10 administrative villages under its jurisdiction, with a total population of more than 21000. The minority population accounts for 87.6% of the total population, of which the Yao nationality accounts for more than 79.1%. It is a typical mountain village with many mountains and few land, and the minority people live in concentrated mountain villages.

Xinxiang, which was separated from Dapeng commune in August 1984, was approved as a revolutionary base by Yulin district administrative office in 1992, and was approved as Guoan Yao Township by the people's Government of the autonomous region in August 1993.

natural condition

Guoan Yao nationality township is small in the north and South and thick in the middle, with olive core shape. The widest part is 40 km and the narrowest part is 10 km. It is high in the north and low in the south. It is a mountainous and hilly area and belongs to Cambrian and kupen sand shale. The soil types are mainly retention sand, sandy soil, mountain red soil, yellow * Red Earth, meadow soil, etc. Sihe River, which originated in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, runs through the township from north to South and Huiren Siwang river.

Guoan Yao nationality township has a subtropical monsoon climate with an annual rainfall of 1200 mm-1500 mm. It has the characteristics of less sunshine, large temperature difference and high humidity, and is extremely suitable for the growth of all kinds of trees and crops.

resources

The average annual flow of Sihe water is 8 cubic meters, and the installed capacity for power generation is 320 kilowatts. The Tiangui reservoir was built in the 1970s, with a storage capacity of 50.2 million cubic meters and an effective storage capacity of 45 million cubic meters. Six power stations are planned for development. In 1987, a hydropower station with an installed capacity of 2500 kilowatts and an average annual power generation of 2.76 million kilowatt hours was built. It irrigated 3519 mu of farmland. It is an important irrigation and power supply facility in Pingnan County.

The land resource area of the township is 210000 mu, including 5670 mu of paddy field, 2000 mu of mountain farm, 800 mu of grassland, 5000 mu of water surface, shanyong and reservoir, and 140000 mu of mountain forest. There are many mountains, few fields and 15000 mu of arable land.

Historical evolution

According to the county annals, in the Tang Dynasty, although the mountains in Guoan mountain area were towering and the ancient trees were towering, there were already traces of people. The Wulang county government of the Tang Dynasty was located here. Since then, more and more people have come from Guangdong, Shandong and Hunan due to business, reclamation, frontier defense, desertion and migration. After nearly a thousand years of reproduction, Guose has become a paradise for Yao, Han, Zhuang and other nationalities.

Guoandi originally belonged to Dapeng Township, which was called penghuali in Qing Dynasty and Beier District in Republic of China. After liberation, it was still called Dapeng Township in 1983. In 1984, seven village offices were set up in Dapeng Township, including Guoan, Ganya, Tiangui, Sihe, Huazhou, Min'an and Fafa. In 1992, three new village offices, Daxing, Temu and Pandu, were added. In 1993, Guoan township was withdrawn and Guoan Yao township was established.

Population and nationality

By the end of 1999, the township had 10 villagers' committees, 25 natural villages (villages), 3733 households and 19709 people, including 18700 Yao people, accounting for 96.5% of the total population, 501 Zhuang people and 490 Han people.

Economics

In agriculture, rice, corn, sweet potato and cassava are mainly cultivated. In the past, the yield was not high, about 200 kg per mu. Hybrid rice was introduced in 2005, and the yield per mu can reach 450 kg. Corn and sweet potato are planted on the barren slope of dry land to supplement the shortage of staple food and feed pigs. Cassava yields about 500 kg per mu , which is a good material for making starch and feeding pigs. There are more vegetables, such as cabbage, radish, celery, lettuce, cauliflower, beans, pumpkin, towel gourd, ginger, garlic, onion, etc.

There are different types of land in Guoan Yao nationality township, most of which are suitable for planting timber forest and economic forest, and are rich in forest resources. In the past, due to traffic congestion and lack of information, many trees could not be used and rotted in the mountains. After liberation, with the needs of economic development, fir, pine and other timber forests have been continuously developed and utilized, and a four level joint forest farm has been set up in the township. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, the implementation of the rural contract responsibility system and the implementation of forest rights in mountain areas further mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers. They not only planted fir, pine and other timber forests, but also vigorously developed Yugui, star anise, tea and other economic forests, and the forest area increased continuously. Today, the forest coverage rate of Guoan Yao township has reached 55%. The timber volume is 50000 cubic meters.

Raising pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks and geese is one of the main sources of local family income. This kind of animal husbandry, which is mainly in the form of family breeding, also accounts for a considerable proportion in the economy of Guoan Yao nationality township. There are 3-5 pigs and 3-20 chickens, ducks and geese in each household. Pigs are raised and sold. Chickens, ducks and geese are mostly for their own use, and occasionally some of them are sold. Sheep are introduced from other places and have just been raised tentatively in 2006. Cattle are mainly used as animal power. Fish are raised in small fish ponds with an annual output of about 20000 kg, which can only meet the local needs.

The Yao nationality township in Guo'an is located in a remote area, and its economic development is relatively slow. While persisting in the development of township enterprises, the township party committee and government also encourage and support private and individual enterprises to develop into agricultural and sideline products processing, service industry, transportation industry and power industry. The larger enterprise is Guoan transportation company.

specialty

The local products of Guoan Yao nationality township have the characteristics of mountainous areas, mainly including star anise, tea, bamboo shoots, mushrooms, jade osmanthus, jelly grass and so on. Star anise has the characteristics of rich fruit, plump seeds and rich aroma, which is very popular with customers all over the world. Tea is produced in fertile soil, long years of cloud shrouded in the mountains, with the cable tight knot, clear soup, sweet taste and mellow known, good market. It has high flour yield and pleasant fragrance, and is exported to Guangdong and other places.

traffic

In the past, there were overlapping mountains and vast forests in Guoan Yao nationality township. There was no road in the village. The village could only barely get in touch with the outside world. It was very difficult to walk on the narrow road with narrow roads and winding vines. After liberation, the government invested a lot of money to build the roads from the township government to the county and the roads in the mountainous areas, and four villages had cars. Today, there are 10-20 buses every day from here to the county, Dapeng Township and other places, and the farthest can reach Xiaolan Town in Guangdong Province. The opening of the highway greatly facilitated the people of all ethnic groups in the township, and also promoted the economic development of the mountainous areas.

People's life

Before liberation, most of the residents in Guoan Yao nationality township lived a life of inadequate clothing and food. Nowadays, with the implementation of the policy of enriching the people and the opening of highways in mountainous areas, many people live a well-off life. In the past, thatched cottages have been replaced by spacious and bright reinforced concrete buildings. People who did not know what TV and VCD were before, after work, enjoyed watching TV, VCD and listening to music. Motorcycles have become a common means of transportation. The appearance of Guoan Yao nationality township has also undergone earth shaking changes. Three 500 meter long, flat and solid concrete roads have replaced the only muddy road when the township was just built. There are lots of small buildings on both sides of the street. The two newly-built farmers' markets are full of people and merchants. All kinds of local products are distributed from here to Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Nanning and other places.

education

According to the old man's recollection, in the Republic of China, there were only a few primary schools in the township. After liberation, the government attached great importance to education, and the number of schools and teachers and students increased significantly. After the establishment of Guoan Yao Township, the government invested more than 1 million yuan to build the only ethnic junior high school in the township, which made the grade structure more reasonable and the quality and level of education higher. After the 1980s and 1990s, the mud walls and thatched classrooms and dormitories in many schools have been replaced by reinforced concrete buildings, and the teaching level of teachers has also been greatly improved. According to statistics in 1999, there is a middle school with 29 teachers and 450 students in the township, and 13 primary schools with 128 teachers and 1260 students. The enrollment rate of school-age children in the township reached 98%.

National customs

Among the Yao people in Guoan, Chen, pan, Hu and Luo are the most common surnames. It is said that their ancestors originally lived in Lianshan County, Guangdong Province. Because of discrimination, they moved to Zhuji lane. Later, they fled to Huguang for fear of being affected by the shipwreck of the official's wife. Because they had no means to live, they moved to Xiangzhou and Pingnan and finally settled in Guoan. They speak vernacular (Pingnan vernacular) and "Shou" in public places. The old people talk in Yao language, that is, Mian dialect; the Hakka dialect is spoken in Sihe, Huazhou, Ganya, Min'an and Fazhan villages. Yao people surnamed Qin and Li speak Zhuang language because of their marriage and living area. As a result of living for a long time and intermarriage with the local Zhuang and Han nationalities, the Yao people here have integrated the life and production characteristics of many other nationalities, which are embodied in the larger festival activities. For example, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, every family killed chickens and ducks, wrapped triangle rice dumplings, burned incense and paper by the river to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan; on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, the clan elders concentrated on killing chickens and ducks, cooked rice and offered sacrifices in front of the ancestor's tomb. After the sacrifice, the clan elders explained the ancestors' experience and the hard work of moving, so that future generations would never forget their roots. In economic life, Yao people mainly cultivate paddy fields, mountains and trees. In the past, rice, corn and sweet potato were used as staple food. After liberation, the improvement of irrigation conditions and the planting of hybrid rice led to a substantial increase in rice yield. Corn and sweet potato have become miscellaneous food and feed for pigs. Dishes are cabbage, mustard, radish, ginger, onion, pork, fish and so on. Chickens and ducks are mostly on festivals or sacrificial days

Chinese PinYin : Guang Xi Zhuang Zu Zi Zhi Qu Gui Gang Shi Ping Nan Xian Guo An Yao Zu Xiang