Tiechang Town, Longchuan County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province

Tiechang town

Tiechang town is located in the middle of Longchuan County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, adjacent to Xingning and Wuhua counties of Meizhou city. There is a famous Huoshan scenic spot in Tiechang town.

The total area of the town is 196.67 square kilometers (2017), including 38461 mu of mountainous area and 35357 mu of cultivated land.

Guangmeishan railway runs through 9 administrative villages in the town, and has three-level railway stations. 228 provincial highway connects Xingning and Wuhua National Highway 205 through Weizhen, and every village is connected with highway. Hanjiang River and Yangtian river flow through Tiechang town.

geographical environment

Tiechang town is located in the middle of Longchuan County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, adjacent to Xingning and Wuhua counties in Meizhou City, with a total area of 196.67 square kilometers (2017).

Population data

It has jurisdiction over 30 administrative villages, 448 economic cooperatives, 19 enterprises and institutions, and 3 neighborhood committees, with a total population of 37244 (2017). There are 8943 people in 1578 families with special poverty, and 22157 people go out all the year round.

social undertakings

There are 40 primary and secondary schools in the town (including 4 middle schools and 1 complete middle school Tiechang middle school), with 789 staff and 12700 students (8600 in primary schools and 4100 in middle schools).

There are 9000 Street residents (including rural population). The planned area of Weizhen is 1.75 square kilometers, and the built area is 1.05 square kilometers. There are 850 stores (with a total construction area of 249000 square meters), of which 480 buildings with an area of 126000 square meters were built in 1996.

The origin of Hakka

The so-called Hakkas refer to the Han nationality in the Central Plains of Henan, who moved south during the war in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and began to become a group of residents with "special identity". In the later migration, they gradually formed the Hakka people with unique style. Hakka is a branch of Chinese Han nationality. The most obvious feature of Hakka people is that they speak Hakka language, which is one of the eight dialects of the Han nationality.

In history, Hakkas moved to the South five times, with a delay of 1500 years.

The first great migration was in 317-879 A.D. during the reign of emperor Huaidi in the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the invasion of the northwest minorities into the Central Plains, a situation of "five random Chinese" was formed, which had a far-reaching impact on the Han nationality. Many officials and civilians in the Central Plains also crossed the Yellow River southward. To avoid confusion with the original registered residence, these new registered residence is called "customers". This is the first time that the word "Ke" appears in the Chinese people's tourism.

The second great migration took place between 880 and 1126. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao uprising and "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" led to great chaos in the world. The Hakka ancestors moved from a place in Anhui and Jiangxi to the south of the Yangtze River, the northwest of Fujian and the north of Guangdong.

The third great migration was in 1127-1644, when Jin and Yuan Dynasties invaded one after another and song Gaozong went to the south. In this process, many Hakkas were involved in the Qin King war to defend Song Dynasty and resist yuan soldiers. After the death of the Song Dynasty, they had to retreat to the more remote East and north of Guangdong.

The fourth great migration took place between 1645 and 1843. In order to win the hearts of the people in the south, Emperor Kangxi gave each man 8 liang of silver and each woman and child 4 liang of silver to encourage the Hakkas to move to Sichuan, Guangxi and Taiwan. It was during this migration that the ancestors of Comrade Zhu De, who has always been proud of Hakka people, moved from Shaoguan to Sichuan. The fifth great migration took place after 1866 at the end of the Taiping rebellion. Because Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was a Hakka, after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, many Hakkas, under the pressure of the Qing government, migrated to the remote South, even to Southeast Asia and other overseas areas.

There are about 45 million Hakkas in the world. Among them, there are 40 million at home and about 5 million abroad. Overseas Hakkas are widely distributed, mainly in Southeast Asia. Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore and Han Suyin, an internationally renowned writer, are Hakkas. There are 17 provinces and 185 cities and counties in China where Hakkas live in compact communities. Among them, there are 50 pure Hakka counties with more than 95% Hakkas. The most concentrated Hakkas are in southern Jiangxi, Southern Fujian and northeastern Guangdong. There are more than 20 million Hakkas in Guangdong, accounting for nearly 30% of the total number in the province, including 15 Chunke counties.

Heyuan is a pure Hakka area in Dongjiang River Basin. The earliest Hakka ancestors can be traced back to Qin Dynasty. In 214 B.C., after Qin Shihuang pacified Nanyue, in order to further develop Lingnan, he sent Tu Sui, Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo to garrison with 500000 soldiers, and ordered hundreds of thousands of "criminals" to be distributed to Lingnan. Zhao Tuo was first the magistrate of Longchuan County, and then the king of Nanyue. The residents with the surnames of Zhao, Wei, Guan and Ren in Longchuan were the first people from the Central Plains to live together with the local aborigines. However, the time when Hakkas migrated to Heyuan area on a large scale was the third time when Hakkas migrated to Heyuan area, i.e. 1127-1644. In the long historical process, Heyuan people have always inherited the excellent traditional virtues and humanistic spirit of Hakka people. The folk song culture of Meizhou is unique. Dongjiang Hakka cuisine in Heyuan is more distinctive.

Hakka customs

Hakka customs generally include the national traditional customs of year order, local worship, etiquette and so on.

（1） Main festivals:

Spring Festival: there are new year's greetings, recreational activities, etc., which is the most grand festival.

The beginning of spring: the end of spring.

Lantern Festival: the 15th day of the first month is a traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. On the Lantern Festival, we eat, play, enjoy and guess lantern riddles.

February 2: Kaizheng Festival.

Tomb Sweeping Day: the custom of Hakka tomb sweeping starts from the spring equinox, and the tomb sweeping day reaches its climax.

Dragon Boat Festival: Hakka is commonly known as the May Festival. The main contents of the festival are eating zongzi, realgar wine and dragon boat race.

July Festival: also known as ghost festival.

Mid Autumn Festival: commonly known as August Festival. The customs of eating moon cakes and enjoying the moon are basically the same everywhere.

Double Ninth Festival: Hakka people call it "September Festival".

Winter solstice: Hakka people have the saying that "winter is the biggest time for Chinese New Year".

Marriage customs

The marriage customs of the Hakkas are heavily influenced by the ancient customs, mainly for the purpose of inheriting the family. In Hakka society, the formal marriage relationship is a kind of "marriage", which is not popular.

Most of the rituals still follow the old customs, such as blind date, sending appointment, reporting the date, sending dowry, offering dowry, accepting marriage, worshipping hall, making bridal chamber and so on.

Folk entertainment

Hakka folk entertainment content is very rich, the festival mainly includes Yangko, dragon boat race, boat lantern, dragon lantern dance, lion dance, gaojiaoshi, yinghuadeng, riding lantern, playing flower drum, musical instrument meeting, acting, fireworks, usually singing folk songs, singing ditty, playing zither, playing erhu, playing flute, playing chess, playing liuziqi, playing cards, throwing champion sign, playing mahjong, raising flowers, Fishing, etc.

famous scenery

Huoshan scenic spot, located in the middle of the county, is one of the seven famous mountains in Guangdong Province. It is a provincial forest park and a national AAA tourist area. It has long been famous for its steep red cliff and strange rocks. According to legend, in ancient times, there was no big mountain here. Later, when Nu Wa mended the sky, she scattered some of the remaining sand slurry on the earth and just landed on Huo mountain. As a result, Huo mountain presents a unique peak with towering cliffs, towering cliffs, standing in the sky, jagged rocks and various forms.

Huoshan used not to be called Huoshan. Later, Chu and Han fought and the world was in chaos. The ancestor of Huo long, a famous scholar, moved from Wu to Yue, lived in Longchuan and lived in seclusion in Huoshan. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty was in power, he asked Huo long to come out of the mountain to take a post, but Huo long didn't want to be in the officialdom, so he said, "Longchuan is the place where the dragon lives. Long Ruo Li Chuan, Mo ruo CI Si ", declined politely, lived in seclusion in Huoshan, wrote books, spread culture, enlightened the local people, and later became immortal. His name was passed on to the world. People felt his kindness and named this mountain Huoshan. There are many places of interest in Huoshan, including 372 steep peaks, 48 peaks, 27 rocks, eight caves, and 11 spring pools. It's really a thousand rocks competing for beauty, thousands of valleys competing for flow, peaks and peaks in different states, showing wonders everywhere. Therefore, for thousands of years, many scholars, eminent monks and Taoists have come in droves. Jin Gehong practiced here, Tang Xuanzong visited here when he was a monk, and song Lanqiao became an immortal here.

Every value of fog, you can see clouds and smoke in the next, peak dew stone tip, hidden sky surface. If you are here, you can see the clouds below, the peaks above, the clouds and smoke at your feet, up and down, the clouds and fog around, gathering and dispersing quickly. It's like climbing on the qiongge Pavilion of Xianshan mountain. It can be said that there is only heaven above, and there is no mountain with Qi. Standing on the top of the mountain, the sky is vast and boundless, the mountains are faint, the mountains are green, the clouds are low and the fog is misty, and the mountains are like galloping. The boundaries of Longchuan, Wuhua, Zijin, Dongyuan, Lianping, Heping and BOLUO are clear to the eye. The two rivers of East and South Korea are just like the green silk ribbon, dancing among the mountains, and the Tianchou villages are just like a paradise in the world. No wonder when Su Dongpo wandered here in those days, he wrote with great poetic interest: "Huo Shan's fine atmosphere encircles the onion cage, and the potential pressure follows the first peak of the state; the dust on the stone path sweeps with the rain, and the cave door will be sealed by the cloud without lock; the bow of the boat once was immortal, and the wine in the urn was stronger; the quick step opens the eyes, and the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River reflects the pupil.".

Huoshan is the emerald of Southern Xinjiang of China and a brilliant pearl on the earth of China. It has both the danger of Huashan and the beauty of Huangshan. Now, when you enter the mountain, the trees are green and the flowers are red, the spring is clear and the forest is green, the road is winding, the pavilions are arranged and the scenery is changing. It's really like walking in a picture

Wine urn stone: also known as "wine urn Lingyun", it is like a wine urn upside down, piercing into the blue sky with luxuriant vegetation on it.

A line of sky: also known as "a line of dawn", people at the bottom of the stream, looking up, Zhaozhao line

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng He Yuan Shi Long Chuan Xian Tie Chang Zhen