Huayuan Town, Huayuan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province

Huayuan town

Huayuan town (Miao text: zenbjibyox) is Chengguan town of Huayuan County, with a total area of 201.2 square kilometers (2017). It borders Fuxing town of Baojing County in the East, Changle Township in the south, dongmaku Township, malichang Town, Longtan town and Biancheng town in the west, Huayuan River in the North and Qingshui town of Baojing County across the river. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Huayuan County and the industrial output value of the whole Prefecture One of the 100 million yuan towns.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was a garden for Peng's banquet tour of Xuanfu Department of Baojing. After that, a city wall was built, which was named Huayuan and belonged to yongsuiting hall. In 1953, it was renamed Huayuan Town, under the jurisdiction of Huayuan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province.

General situation

Huayuan town is located in Huayuan County, bordering Fuxing town of Baojing County in the East, Changle Township in the south, dongmaku, malichang, Longtan town and Biancheng town in the west, and Huayuan River in the north. It is one of the towns with political, economic, cultural and industrial output value of 100 million yuan. The town covers a total area of 201.2 square kilometers (2017), with 72 administrative villages, 8 communities, 321 villager groups and a total population of 124215 (2017).

The existing cultivated land area is 28764 mu, including 15720 mu of paddy field and 13044 mu of dry land. It belongs to the Middle Subtropical Mountainous Area, with the highest altitude of 800 meters and the lowest altitude of 300 meters. The annual sunshine is about 1300 hours, the annual average climate is 16 ℃ and 17 ℃, and the annual rainfall is generally 1420 mm. The transportation in the town is convenient. National highways 209 and 319 and Jicha and Zhanghua expressways overlap and run through the town.

Historical evolution

The origin of "Huayuan": in the Ming Dynasty, Peng family of Xuanfu of Baojing built a garden here, so it is called garden. After the construction of the city wall in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Huayuan.

Shouxiang was established at the beginning of the Republic of China. In 1935, Shouxiang was changed into a town.

After liberation, it was under the jurisdiction of a district. In 1958, it was changed into Dongfeng commune.

In 1961, the system was reduced to Huayuan people's commune.

The people's Government of Huayuan town was established in 1980.

In 1989, it merged with sanjiaoyan township government to form Huayuan town.

In 2005, it merged with WoShao township government to form a new Huayuan town.

In 2015, Daoer Township and Tuanjie town were incorporated into Huayuan town to form a new Huayuan town

administrative division

After the adjustment of administrative divisions, the town covers a total area of 201.2 square kilometers (2017), with 42 villages, 8 community neighborhood committees and 218 villager groups under its jurisdiction. Jurisdiction: Chengnan, ganziyuan, laozheng street, Xichang street, DAZHUSHAN, Fuqiao, denggaolou, jianshuipo 8 community neighborhood committees; shiziqiao, Wangcheng, dongxiping, Nanmen, nongkezhan, Fenghe, xinshengtun, Cardi, Dachong, Longdong, wolongbang, Yixi, Qingshuitang, dayunpan, Liangshuijing, jiaodaipo, maqiluo, chaoliao, Jiamin, Huaqiao, Machang, wujiapo, Sanqiao There are 27 village committees in Jiaoyan, Batang, vegetable, horticultural and fishing grounds.

The total population of the town is 124215 (2017), with Miao nationality as the main population, followed by Han nationality, Tujia nationality and other nationalities. The total land area of the town is 28764 mu (including 15720 mu of paddy field and 13044 mu of dry field). There are 127 in-service cadres in the town, 100 cadres participating in target management and 36 retirees.

natural

Climate and geomorphology

Huayuan town is located in the Middle Subtropical Mountainous Area, with the highest altitude of 800 meters and the lowest altitude of 300 meters. The annual sunshine is about 13000 hours, the annual average temperature is between 16 ℃ and 17 ℃, and the annual rainfall is generally 1420 mm.

geographical position

Huayuan town is located in the north of Huayuan County, bordering Fuxing town in Baojing County in the East, Changle Township in Huayuan County in the south, Longtan town and Biancheng town in Huayuan County in the west, and Huayuan River in the north. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Huayuan County. The town has convenient transportation, 209, 319 National Highway and chaji, Zhanghua Expressway overlap throughout.

Economics

population

With the rapid development of urbanization, the construction of Huayuan town has also developed rapidly. In 2009, the gross national product of the whole town was 251 million yuan, the fiscal revenue was 38.39 million yuan, and the per capita net income was 2759 yuan.

primary industry

The town has 82 industrial enterprises, with an annual output value of 350 million yuan and a tax of 120 million yuan. The main industrial products are: electrolytic manganese, manganese ingot, electrolytic zinc, zinc ingot, manganese powder, etc.

the secondary industry

The main agricultural products are orange, orange, Jinqiu pear, kiwi fruit, grape, jujube, etc. The main aquatic products are Siberian sturgeon.

social undertakings

All 42 administrative villages in the town have been included in the construction of new rural demonstration villages. 140 km of roads have been hardened, 750 biogas digesters have been built, and 570 solar water heaters have been introduced. The town's telephone penetration rate is 100%, and the wired telephone penetration rate is 80%. The mobile network has achieved full coverage.

At the stage of compulsory education in the town, the exemption rate of tuition and miscellaneous fees was 100%, and the participation rate of cooperative medical insurance was 100%. There are many recreational and tourist resorts in the town, such as Biancheng square, Biancheng Park, Chengbei Sports Square, gumiao River scenic spot, niujiaotun dam and so on.

local customs and practices

Huayuan, called jibyos in Miao language, means the land of the north.

The Miao Nationality in Huayuan town is the eastern Miao nationality, formerly known as Hongmiao. The language is Eastern dialect of Miao language.

taboo

There are many taboos in the Miao family

Other taboos are the same as those of Han nationality in the county.

Marriage customs

Before liberation, the Miao people in Huayuan were usually monogamous, and some rich families were polygamous. The marriage between men and women is mainly media marriage. Through labor, assembly, going to the market, visiting relatives and other means, Miao youth get in touch with each other and love each other. After dating for many times, singing love songs and giving gifts to each other, they determine their love relationship, and then get married freely.

Engagement, usually the man's home to the woman's home initiative. When the man falls in love with a girl or a man or woman, he must prepare a gift and ask the matchmaker to go to the woman's home to "beg for advice". If the woman's home is happy and enthusiastic, it means that he intends to marry, the matchmaker will tell the man and go to the camera to formally propose the marriage. The more times a matchmaker goes back and forth, the better. It's commonly known as "more requests are more expensive". The woman's family agrees, makes a preliminary marriage, and makes a formal engagement by setting off firecrackers and drinking.

After the engagement, the man should choose a date for the woman to "celebrate". The time is usually one year before the marriage. The gifts include glutinous rice cake, wine, meat, rice, sugar, etc. the amount of the gifts depends on the economic conditions. The main purpose is to let the woman invite family members and friends to drink wedding wine and recognize new relatives. Then, the man asked the woman to "beg for Geng" and took the eight characters of the woman's birthday, so that he could ask "Mr. Yin and Yang" to choose an auspicious day for marriage. The night before the wedding, the man grabbed a brother as the "guanqinlang" and led the team carrying the sedan chair and dowry to the woman's house to greet her.

Before that, the bride had to live apart. On the wedding day, the bride's sisters like to make fun of themselves. They use pan ash mixed with bamboo shell hair or chili water to smear on Guan's face, which makes people laugh. It's usually late at night or in the early morning of the next day. After the bride's eyebrows are trimmed, she cries and worships her parents. Her brother carries her to the sedan chair. The bride is accompanied by her relatives and girlfriends when she gets married, especially the women who have a full house of children. They also invite the male and female singers to go to the bridegroom's house to sing together. After the marriage, the "Guan Qin Lang" led the way to the man's home with a lantern. At the same time, all the guests who go to the woman's home for wedding wine go to the man's home for "Chua Jiao Jiu", which is called "Zhengke", and the other casual guests in the man's home are called "Fuke". When the bride comes to the man's house, the man's house will burn a lot of fire, symbolizing the prosperity of auspicious things. Then the bride enters the house at the auspicious time. When entering the house, the man's family should hide in a high place, which means that the bride will not suppress the whole family in the future. After entering the house, the bride should take over the cooking utensils given by the man's middle-aged woman to show that she will be married from then on.

Then he sat on the stool with "Fu paper" on the right side of the fire pool all night. In the afternoon, the guests come to celebrate, and the man hosts a banquet, especially for the "Zhengke". In the evening, the bridegroom and the bride's "bajiangsha" (Miao language, meaning songist) begin a duel, and the guests enjoy it. The next morning, a drinking ceremony was held. The host and guest received a toast and a congratulatory message from an old man. They congratulated their husband and wife on their love and happiness. They sang and celebrated, talked about the old saying of marriage, and gave gifts to each other. During the wedding, the man's relatives invited guests to dinner together, commonly known as "paijiafan". Therefore, the marriage period is two days. Before the guests leave, the bride and groom can only meet, not stay together. After individual guests, the newlyweds enter a normal life.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the old marriage customs were gradually abolished, and new marriages were held. Thrifty marriage is no different from Han wedding.

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Xiang Xi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Hua Yuan Xian Hua Yuan Zhen