intensive and meticulous farming(jīng gēng xì zuò)

intensive and meticulous farming

Intensive farming is the production mode of ancient Chinese agriculture, which means that in a certain area of land, more means of production, labor and technology are put into intensive farming to maximize the yield per unit area.

Intensive cultivation sprouted in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Warring States, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties were the forming period of technology. The Sui, Tang, song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were the expansion period of intensive cultivation. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the in-depth development period.

brief introduction

Intensive farming (J ī NGG ē NGX ì zuॸ) explanation: refers to serious and meticulous farming in agriculture. Concept discrimination: intensive farming. (2) the continuous improvement of production tools and labor technology: the invention of plough wall in Han Dynasty and the appearance of two cattle and one man ploughing method; the appearance of Quyuan plough in Tang Dynasty; the introduction of high-yield crops corn and sweet potato in Ming and Qing Dynasties. (3) with the improvement of water conservancy projects and the invention of irrigation tools, people constantly overcome the limitations of natural conditions and pursue high agricultural yield. (4) self farming economy: on small plots of land, relying on intensive labor and high input to increase the yield per mu is the main driving force for the development of intensive farming. source: Mao Zedong's "to be a revolutionary promoter": "we depend on intensive cultivation to eat. If there are more people, we still have food to eat." example: we need to get something. usage: used as predicate, attribute, object; refers to farming or doing work.

Formation conditions

(1) Improvement of production tools (iron plough and cattle ploughing) (2) technological progress (3) gradual improvement of water conservancy facilities the use of iron farming tools and the promotion of cattle ploughing are the basis for the development of intensive farming technology. Iron plow cattle farming technology appeared in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and was improved and promoted in Han Dynasty. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the appearance of Jiangdong Li, it was perfected and used by later generations. Improving land use efficiency and land productivity is the overall goal of intensive farming technology system. In order to improve the utilization rate of land, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ridge method was adopted, and in the Western Han Dynasty, the land substitution method was adopted. After Song Dynasty, the rice wheat rotation system of two crops a year and three crops a year was formed in Jiangnan area. In order to improve the land productivity, people improve the cultivation technology to improve the yield per unit area, give full play to the land potential, and form the tillage harrow technology in the north and the tillage harrow technology in the south. Change the agricultural environment, improve land productivity. In ancient China, great importance was attached to farmland irrigation, and many water conservancy projects were built since ancient times, which improved the soil environment and made the agricultural harvest no longer completely depend on the weather.

Historical development

(1) from spring and Autumn period to Qin and Han Dynasties characteristics: intensive cultivation began performance: ① the most advanced ridge method appeared in the world at that time in spring and Autumn period ② Daitian method was carried out in Zhaoguo of Han Dynasty, which could prevent wind and drought; regional method appeared, which strengthened intensive cultivation technology. (3) the Han Dynasty agronomy work "the book of Pansheng" reflects the law of the whole process of crops from cultivation to harvest. (4) the Han Dynasty invented the Columbine car. (5) the farming system is mainly the continuous cropping system, and some places implement the fallow system, resulting in the two-year three cropping system. (2) the characteristics of the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties: the agricultural production technology characterized by intensive farming in the Yellow River Basin has become more and more mature It is the earliest outstanding agricultural book in the world 2. The area of cultivated land in the south of the Yangtze River has expanded, and the farming technology has made great progress 3. Sui and Tang Dynasties characteristics: the intensive farming technology of paddy field in the South has gradually matured performance: ① rice planting generally adopts techniques such as seedling raising and transplanting 2 Characteristics: intensive farming technology entered a comprehensive mature period in the Yuan Dynasty. Characteristics: 1. There were ploughing tools and hoes in the dry land in the north. 2. There was a two-year rice wheat rotation system in the south of the Yangtze River. In some places, there was a three-year rice wheat rotation system. The economic center moved southward. 3. The exchange of crop varieties was very extensive. Characteristics: intensive farming continued to develop in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, In the Yangtze River Basin of South China, various forms of double cropping system have been developed 2 a large number of new crop varieties have been cultivated 3 high yield crops such as corn and sweet potato have been introduced from abroad 4 the planting area of cash crops has been expanded, forming a professional production area 5 agronomic works such as the complete book of agricultural administration and Tiangong Kaiwu have appeared the main farming methods in ancient China have changed from slash and burn farming to cattle farming with iron plow primitive society After the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period: ploughing with iron plow and cattle

Chinese PinYin : jīng gēng xì zuò