Cao Rong

Cao Rong

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Cao Rong (1613-1685) was born in Xiushui, Zhejiang Province (now Jiaxing).

In the 10th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, he was a Jinshi and an official censor. He tried to impeach Xie Sheng, an assistant minister, and Xiong Kaiyuan participated in Zhou yanru's trial. Cao Rongshu confessed his injustice. In the first year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the soldiers of the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing. They served as officials of the Qing Dynasty. They offered advice for the Qing Dynasty, spared the official system, regulated the land reclamation, salt law and money law, and banned the soldiers from eating rice. He also made suggestions to the imperial court on such issues as imperial examination, recommendation of seclusion, and visiting honorary martyrs. In February, he served as the examiners of the examination committee, and in March he was promoted to Shaoqing of Taipusi. Soon, it was found that among the Gongsheng who were elected in the academic and political posts, there were those who received hereditary posts and military examinations in the Ming Dynasty, and they were demoted to two levels. Then he was dismissed and returned home because of excessive selection of Gongsheng. In the 11th year, the official returned to his original post and moved to Tongzheng. In March of the next year, he was promoted to be the censor of the left Deputy capital, the right Minister of the Ministry of household, and then the governor of Guangdong. Thirteen years, to act frivolous, down a level to Renshan Xiyang and road. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, he was dismissed and returned to Li. In the 13th year, the army of San Francisco was raised, and the cabinet officials recommended it to the frontier, and then they went to Fujian. In the 17th year, Li Fu, a bachelor, recommended Cao Rong, but did not try. In the 19th year, Xu Yuanwen, a bachelor, recommended Cao Rongzuo to revise the history of the Ming Dynasty.

Cao Rong was good at economy, but he did not make use of it. Instead, he devoted himself to writing. Zhu YIZUN compiled CI Zong, which is mostly recorded from his collection of Song Dynasty people's heritage. His former residence is in jintuofang, where there is a garden called tired garden. Zhou Zhiheng painted the picture of tired garden, and Zhu YIZUN recorded it. There are 20 scenes of "mountain spring, fish, birds, vegetables, fruits and anthers" in the garden. Cao Ronggong's poems, originated from Du Fu's old spirit, are as famous as Gong Dingzi in the world. Zhu YIZUN was deeply influenced by Cao Rong and traveled from Cao Rong when he was young. His works include Jing Ti Tang poetry collection, etc. He is also good at small bamboo slips, and has 4 volumes of Jingti Hall's letters, which was called Jiangdong dubu at that time.

Life of the characters

Ming Chongzhen ten years (1637) Jinshi, official censor. He tried to impeach Xie Sheng, an assistant minister, and Xiong Kaiyuan participated in Zhou yanru's trial. He was punished by the Imperial Staff.

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army became an official of the Qing Dynasty after entering Beijing. At the beginning, he was appointed as the censor of Henan Dao. He was appointed as the governor of Shuntian school. He gave advice for the Qing Dynasty, spared the official system, regulated the farming, salt law and money law, banned the soldiers from eating the fields, patrolled the local bandits, sold the goods to make the warehouse more prosperous, and set up the troops to follow the army. All of them were adopted and implemented. He also made suggestions to the imperial court on the issues of imperial examination, recommendation of seclusion, and visiting honorary martyrs.

In the third year of Shunzhi (1656), he was appointed as the examiners of the examination committee in February, and moved to Taipu temple in March. Soon after, because of the fact that some of the Gongsheng in Xuezheng's office were hereditary in Ming Dynasty and those in zhongwuju were found, they were demoted to two levels. Then he was dismissed and returned home because of excessive selection of Gongsheng.

Shunzhi 11 years (1654) official reinstated the original post, moved to the left Tongzheng. In March of the next year, he was promoted to be the censor of the left Deputy capital, the right Minister of the household department, and the right Minister of Guangdong Province.

Shunzhi thirteen years (1656) to act frivolous, demoted to Renshan Xiyang and road. I'm going home. In addition to the service, Shanxi was supplemented by the Deputy envoys of Chahar, and the troops were prepared for Datong.

In the third year of Kangxi (1664), he was dismissed and returned to Li. In 1674, after the San Francisco rebellion, the cabinet officials recommended the frontier to Fujian. Ding you is not coming back.

In 1678, the 17th year of Kangxi emperor, Li Fu, Du Xuande and Feng Puhe recommended Cao Rong, but did not try. Kangxi eighteen years (1679) Ju Hongbo, do not go.

In 1680, Xu Yuanwen, a bachelor, recommended Cao Rongzuo to revise the history of the Ming Dynasty. He died in 1685.

Main achievements

Achievements in book collection

The book building is located in the other industry of tired garden by the South Lake of Jiaxing, which is called "Jingti hall" and has a rich collection of books. Especially good collection of song and Yuan anthology, the collection of song and Yuan ancient books is rich, there are nearly a thousand kinds. Jingtitang Bibliography (also known as jingtitang collection of song and Yuan people) is compiled and arranged in four parts. There are 180 song collections from Hedong collection of Liukai and 115 yuan collections from zhanran collection of Yelu Chucai. There are 431 kinds of books in Xuehai Lei Bian, which are divided into four categories: Jing Yi, Shi Shen, Zi Lei and Ji Yu. Most of the history department is history, and most of the scholars are practical works of song and Ming Dynasty. The printed book is printed with the words "Li Cao's tired Garden Collection". There are more than 40 kinds and hundreds of volumes of works of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. He is the author of the book circulation of ancient books, which is the first time to put forward the law of circulation of ancient books. He points out to the book collectors that the responsibility of collecting books is circulation, not just preservation, but making sure that the author's thoughts and labor are not isolated from the world by collecting secret books. Miao Quansun said that "if a book collector can abide by this law, he will be able to make thousands of changes without annihilation, and he is especially good at scheming.". His theory of book collection played a certain role and influence in the book and cultural circles of the Qing Dynasty, resulting in the thought and practice of public book collection represented by Hongli and Zhou Yongnian. In his later years, his books were purchased and collected by Nalanxingde. The seal of collection mainly includes "Cao Rong's private seal", "Mr. Bai Xue", "tired garden", "jiegong", "Cao Li's seal of collection", "Cai Weng", "Cao Li's secretary of collection", "envoys of two rivers", "enjoying Songshi's leisure", "Qiu Yuesheng", "Cao Rong's seal of identification of calligraphy and painting", etc.

Literary achievements

Cao Rong was good at economy, but he did not make use of it. Instead, he devoted himself to writing. His poems are originated from Du Fu's old and charming style. They are as famous as Gong Dingzi in Hefei and are known as Gong Cao in the world. The style of Ci Poetry in Western Zhejiang has changed, which is the first of its kind. Zhu YIZUN was deeply influenced by Cao Rong. He once traveled from Cao Rong when he was young. Zhu YIZUN compiled CI Zong, which is mostly recorded from his family's collection of Song people's heritage. Fine identification, rich collection of calligraphy and painting, can also be used for books. At the beginning of Shunzhi, he wrote jingtitang poetry anthology, Chongzhen 50 Prime Minister biography, Gulin Jinshi Biao, Liu Yu's deeds, biography of the Ming Dynasty, tired garden planting record, yueyoucao, xuxianzhenglu and other books. He was also proficient in small bamboo slips, including Jingti Hall's letters, which was called Jiangdong dubu at that time. Among them, biography of Ming people is a collection of more than 3000 biographies from Hongwu (1368) to Chongzhen (1644) of the Ming Dynasty. It contains many characters, including biographies of emperors, loyal ministers, celebrities and other people. It is an important reference book for scholars and experts to understand the characters of Ming Dynasty.

Personage's former residence

His former residence is in jintuofang, which is now on the Bank of Fanli Lake in the south of Jiaxing City. Zhou Zhiheng painted the painting of tired garden, which was recorded by Zhu YIZUN. There are 20 scenic spots in the garden. The garden has long been destroyed.

Representative works

Work in poetry. His works include biography of 50 prime ministers of Chongzhen, deeds of Liu Yu, notes of cultivation in tired garden, table of gold and stone, yueyoucao, poetry anthology of jingtitang, and manuscript poetry anthology of Decang hall.

Chinese PinYin : Cao Rong