Chao Buzhi

Chao Buzhi

Chao Buzhi (1053-1110, November 8) was born in Juye, Jizhou (today's Shandong Juye). He was one of the famous writers in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the "four scholars of Sumen" (including poets Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Zhang Lei of the Northern Song Dynasty).

Chao Buzhi used to be a member of the Ministry of officials and a doctor of the Ministry of rites. He is good at calligraphy and painting, poetry and writing. Together with Zhang Lei, they are called Chao Zhang. His prose language is concise and fluent, and his style is close to that of Liu Zongyuan. Tao Yuanming, a poet. The style of his Ci is forthright, the language is clear and clear, close to Su Shi. But his poems reveal a strong negative thought of seclusion. His works include Ji Li Ji and Chao Shi Qin Qu waipian.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Chao Buzhi is intelligent and has a strong memory. As soon as he is sensible, he can write articles. Wang Anguo was surprised to see him. When he was 17 years old, his father went to Hangzhou to be an official. He went with him. He gathered the beautiful scenery of Qiantang mountains and rivers, and wrote a book called seven narratives. He took it to see tongduan Su Shi in Hangzhou. Su Shi originally also wanted to have a sense of Fu, read his book and said with admiration: "I can stop writing!" Su Shi also praised his articles for being broad, elegant, meaningful, magnificent and persuasive. They are far more than ordinary people and will be famous in the future. Therefore, everyone knows Chao Buzhi's name.

Enter the official career

In 1079, Chao Buzhi passed the entrance examination and took part in the examinations of Kaifeng Prefecture and other courtyards of the Ministry of rites. After reading his article, song Shenzong said, "this is deeper than Sutra, which can get rid of the current floating algae culture." He was transferred to the Ministry of military affairs of Danzhou and professor of Guozijian in Beijing.

In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), Emperor zhezong of Song Dynasty, Chao Buzhi was appointed as taixuezheng, and Li Qingchen recommended him as Guange. The emperor called him for an interview. He was promoted to Secretary of provincial Zhengzi and moved to school as a scholar.

In the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), Chao Bu finally begged for the support of foreign officials because of the meagre service of the official, so he was able to pass judgment on Yangzhou.

In the seventh year of Yuanyou (1092), Chao Buzhi was recalled to the imperial court and served as the assistant writer.

At the end of Yuanyou and the beginning of Shaosheng, the political situation of the Song Dynasty changed greatly. Zhang Dun was taken as the prime minister and advocated Shaoshu. When the new party came back, it was to chase Yuanyou prime minister. Chao Buzhi also left the capital.

Know Jeju

In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Chao Buzhi went out to know Jizhou (now Juye, Shandong). At that time, a group of robbers robbed streets and alleys in the daytime. Chao Buzhi remembered their names and their clothes very clearly. One day, he held a banquet, summoned the thief Cao Guan, and taught him how to catch the thief. Before the wine was poured out in turn, the thief Cao Guan had caught all the thieves, and the whole city removed the guard.

Demoted repeatedly

In the second year of Shaosheng (1095), Chao Buzhi committed the crime of false records of Xiushen sect. He was demoted and sentenced to yingtianfu and Bozhou. Not long after he was demoted, he was sentenced to Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) by his father-in-law Du Chundi. The dispute between the court continued to be fierce.

In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), the ban on the party rose again. Chao Buzhi was also demoted to Jianchu and xinerzhou (now Lishui, Zhejiang Province) for salt and wine tax in Yuanyou's old official book. He rushed to the demotion office. Unexpectedly, on the way to Danyang, Mrs. Yang's mother died of illness. She returned to her hometown with a coffin to mourn.

In the second year of Yuanfu (1098), the summer clothes were removed and the salt and wine tax in Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi Province) was changed.

Ups and downs of official career

Huizong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager listened to the government, and was a member of Yuanyou party. Chao Buzhi was pardoned, and he was called to work as Zuo Lang.

In 1101, he was promoted to be a member of the Ministry of official affairs, a doctor of the Ministry of rites, and an editor of the history museum and a reviewer of the records. He was impeached by the admonitor Guan Shiren. He went out to know Hezhong mansion (now Yongji, Shanxi). He built a river bridge in Hezhong mansion for the convenience of the people. The people all painted his statue for worship. However, he was moved to Huzhou, Mizhou (now Zhucheng in Shandong) and Guozhou (now Nanchong in Sichuan).

In 1108, the political situation gradually eased. Chao Bu first mentioned Chongfu palace in Xijing, and then Hongqing palace in Nanjing. Finally, he made him go home. He built a return garden to amuse himself. He called himself a returned son. He forgot his official career and admired Tao Yuanming.

At the end of the grand view, he became a member of the Communist Party of China and became the magistrate of Dazhou. Later, he became the magistrate of Sizhou (now Xuyi, Jiangsu).

Chao Buzhi died on September 25, 1110, and Zhang Lei wrote an inscription for him in the 58th year.

Literary achievements

Summary of achievements

Chao Buzhi was good at painting and calligraphy. He was good at poetry and writing. He is as famous as Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and Zhang Lei, and is one of the four scholars of Sumen. Together with Zhang Lei, they are called Chao Zhang. His prose language is concise and fluent, and his style is close to that of Liu Zongyuan. Tao Yuanming, a poet. The style of his Ci is forthright, the language is clear and clear, close to Su Shi. But his poems reveal a strong negative thought of seclusion. Su Shi said that his literary and erudite argumentation is meaningful and great, which is far away from others and will be obvious in the world. The specific original text is "omnipotent in writing, erudite and brilliant in argument, and far away from others."

Chao Buzhi has made great achievements in poetry, literature, CI and so on. The synopsis of chicken ribs collection, volume 154 of Siku Quanshu Zongmu, says: "looking at its collection today, the ancient prose is magnificent, and it is closely related to Su's father and son. All kinds of poems are of high strength. Once they go to Qun Mai, they are in the same rank between Zhang and Qin, and it is unknown which one is in the first place." Another volume 198 "Chao Wujiu Ci" synopsis said: "his Ci is high and beautiful, and Shi can shoulder with." In Volume 51 of the first collection of yuyinconghua in Tiaoxi, Hu Zai specially pointed out that "Yu Guan '

Poetry achievement

Chao Bu's poems are mostly in ancient style, followed by seven rhythms. His poems are good at learning from Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, with strong strength and elegant rhetoric. The tendency of prose culture is obvious. Today, there are more than 160 Ci poems, whose style is similar to that of Dongpo, but lacks the broad mindedness of Su CI. In addition to describing scenery, singing flowers, giving peace and mourning, he wrote more about his banishment career and idyllic scenery, but less beautiful words. Some of the chapters are magnificent and follow Dongpo, such as "fishing in Donggao's residence" and "water dragon's chant" asking why spring is in a hurry. The style of Ci is generous and the pen is like Youlong, which was later won by famous scholars. Some people think it is also the origin of Xin Qiji's Ci. Chao's Ci poetry has strong and bold words, such as "the dust of the tooth tent faints the sword and halberd, the green curtain and the moon are cold and empty" (Manjianghong · Ziyun diaoyingwenyang, Li Chengzhi to be made), but it lacks the broad mindedness and wonderful of Su's Ci poetry, and tends to be desolate and solemn.

His style of poetry is close to that of Zhang Lei, and he is good at Yuefu Poetry. His Yuefu Poems have a strong flavor of folk songs, such as "douyehuang". Another famous long song, Fangyi resentment, is about the tragedy of Li Yu's sister, who married sun after entering the Song Dynasty and was captured by the Song Dynasty during the song and Liao wars. It is called Fangyi: "the tide of Qinhuai River, the mountains and trees, the north and the south of the Yangtze River are easy to cherish the land", "the country is dead, the family is broken, the fate is as bad as clouds, and the letter is spread". The words are sad and moving, and have been read for a while at that time.

Chao Buzhi's style of Ci is quite similar to Su Shi's. For example, the song of Dongxian, the Ci of filling Lu Tong, is modeled on Su Shi's shaobian, which includes Tao Qian's GUI Qu Lai CI. Mo yu'er, Dong Gao's residence, is recognized as his masterpiece. The fourth volume of Qigai says: "Wujiu CI has a big hall. People know that Xin Jiaxuan's" maoyuer · can eliminate several storms "was won by later famous scholars. In fact, the origin of Xin CI is Wujiu's" maoyuer · Donggao's residence " In addition, for example, the two songs of "yiconghua · 12th uncle's day, tui yiwujiu's birthday, in this voice, yiyunhe's answer" are almost the same as those of "fish", except that some sentences are more emotional and straightforward, just like a bone sticking in the throat and doing their best. This is contrary to the implicit and subtle popular style.

Of course, Chao Buzhi is a bold and unconstrained ci writer, who has learned from Su Shi, only in terms of his dominant tendency. In fact, among all his ci poems, about half of his works are about the traditional themes of farewell and nostalgia, which are fresh and fresh, full of lingering charm and soft and beautiful sentiment. For example, in his "Yin Jia Xing · Mei Jing Qiong Zhan", the whole word uses the narrative technique, the structure is meticulous and unremitting, does not make a big leap and sways, and shows the ability to control the long tune, which benefits from Liu Yong's practical ability.

Another example is Zhegu Tian, in which Shanggu first expressed the depression of living in seclusion and demotion by "wanting to go up to the lake", and then pointed out the purpose of "thinking about the scenery of Qizhou" and showed his sincere affection. I sigh with regret that my life is getting old and I am still in my official career. Later, I may be lucky enough to revisit the old place, but I'm afraid I'm not as proud as I was then. In the words, the scene of love, in the light of the song, there is a lingering melancholy. Although it is light, the aftertaste is endless. It is all in the thick and true feelings.

Prose achievements

His prose achievement is higher than that of poetry. His style is gentle, classic, fluent and handsome. Wu once thought that among the four scholars, "Qin and Chao are good at discussing" and Zhang Wenqian said "Chao is good at discussing the magnificent jade" (Volume 11 of Neng Gai Zhai man Lu). The influence of Su's prose can be seen in his narrative prose, such as "a journey to the North Mountain in the new city" and "gongcuitang", which either expresses feelings on the spot and describes the real scene, or combines reasoning with narration and discussion. He has 70 volumes of Ji Li Ji, including 23 volumes of poems and Fu, 47 volumes of essays, and four part series.

His prose is good at describing the scenery of mountains and forests. His famous essays include zhaobitang Ji, gongcuitang Ji, youzhutang Ji and so on. Among them, a journey to Beishan in the new city is the most popular. Chao is good at inheriting Liu Zongyuan's tradition of writing landscape travel notes. His style is precipitous and his language is concise and simple. This article can be seen.

sample reels

Qi Wen Zhi, the history of Song Dynasty, once recorded a volume of Zuo's spring and autumn biography by Chao Buzhi and two volumes of Xu Chu Ci

Chinese PinYin : Chao Bu Zhi