Zong Bing

Zong Bing

Zong Bing (375-443 A.D.) was born in nieyang, Nanyang County (now Dengzhou, Henan Province), and was a painter of the Song Dynasty. Home Jiangling (now Hubei). The gentry. From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the middle of the song and Yuan Dynasties, the authorities repeatedly recruited him as an official. Good at calligraphy, painting and playing piano. Believing in Buddhism, he once participated in the "Bailian society" presided over by Huiyuan, a monk in Lushan Mountain, and wrote the treatise on Ming Buddhism. He wandered the mountains and rivers, went to Jingwu in the West and Hengyue in the south. Later, he returned to Jiangling only when he was old and ill. He once painted the scenery he saw on the wall of his living room, claiming that "Chenghuai observes the Tao and lies down to swim.". He is the author of preface to landscape painting.

Life of the characters

Zong Bing (375 A.D. - 443 A.D.), a painter of the Song Dynasty, was born in Nanyang and nieyang (now Dengzhou, Henan). He lived in Jiangling (now Hubei Province) and was a scholar. From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, he was called up as an official many times. He has been wandering in mountains and rivers for more than 30 years, and he has lived in mountains and forests forever. Because he has experienced countless beautiful mountains and rivers and discovered the true meaning of the beauty of mountains and rivers, he can "charm the way with shape" when painting mountains and rivers. In addition to painting landscapes, he is good at playing the piano, and also believes in Buddhism. He joined the "Bailian society" in Lushan, where Huiyuan abhorred, and once wrote on Buddhism. He roamed the mountains and rivers, went to Jingwu in the west, and went to Hengyue in the south. He called himself "Chenghuai Taoist temple, lying to swim.". In his preface to painting mountains and rivers, neizhongyun said: "if you draw three inches vertically, you will be a thousand feet high; if you draw several feet horizontally, you will be a hundred miles wide." this paper discusses the basic principle and verification method of body perspective in distance and near method, which is about one thousand years earlier than that of distance and near method founded by Italian painter pmilippe brunllesco (1377-1446). He also advocates the theory of "free spirit" and emphasizes that the creation of landscape painting is a process in which painters express their artistic conception with the help of natural images, which makes the theory of "describing spirit with form" in Chinese painting a step forward. Wang Wei's landscape paintings are similar to Zong Bing's. He and Zong Bing were both pioneers of literati painting. He put forward that painting should be "descended by gods", and said in a refined language: "look at the autumn clouds, the gods fly, face the spring breeze, and think about the vastness." They are all about painting. Landscape painting is not a natural and subjective rigid imitation of painting, but should express their own feelings in order to have vitality. According to the literature, there are many famous landscape paintings in the Six Dynasties, such as Gu Kaizhi's painting of snow Ji looking at five old peaks, Lushan Mountain and landscape, Xia houzhan's painting of Wu mountain, Dai Kui's painting of Shan mountain, Xu Lin's painting of landscape, Zongbing's painting of autumn mountain, Xie Yue's painting of Dashan mountain, Tao Hongjing's painting of Shanju and Zhang sengyao's painting of snow mountain The picture of mangroves, etc. As far as performance skills are concerned, they can handle the spatial structure well and integrate the complex natural scenery. In terms of creative ideas, they can treat the natural scenery with subjective thoughts and feelings, which is more real, more perfect and more concentrated than nature. Therefore, Zong Bing said in his preface to landscape painting: "the size of Kunlun and the size of the pupil, if you force your eyes to inch, you can not see its shape. If you have a few miles, you can surround your eyes in inch. If you go a little wider, you can see its size." It is concluded that when the picture is processed, "if the present silk is reflected in the distance, the shape of Kunlun can be enclosed in a square inch, with a vertical drawing of three inches. When the height of a thousand feet, the horizontal ink is several feet, and the body is a hundred miles away.". At this time, it describes the reality of nature and puts forward a reasonable treatment method. Zong Bing was fond of touring mountains and rivers all his life. No matter how far or near he was, he would go to visit them. In his later years, because of illness, he lived in Jiangling and couldn't get involved in mountains and rivers any more. He often sighed. However, he used his paintbrush to paint the place he traveled in his life on the indoor wall. Although he stayed at home, he also seemed to be in the landscape. Sometimes he played the piano and played a song, which was as interesting as before. He died at the age of 69.

Anecdotes and allusions

Another kind of "Gao Xian": ambition outside the temple

Donglin temple in Lushan Mountain has set up "Yuangong Yingtang" and "Eighteen Gaoxian Yingtang" since Song Dynasty. Eighteen Gaoxian, namely Huiyuan and his 17 most proud followers. Eighteen Gao Xian, Zong Bing ranked second from the bottom. Only 50 days after he joined the "Bailian society", he left Lushan Mountain helplessly. Even so, the ancients who didn't have the right information still put him in the "Eighteen high sages movie hall", which shows his value. Lianshe, there are 123 members in the first batch. At that time, it was also strange that some of those who specialized in escaping from being an official had to flee to Lushan Mountain, which was lonely and crowded with tigers and wolves. They regard Lushan as the best experimental site for their life design. It's not surprising. Wang Xizhi presided over the Lanting poetry club, is not the Chinese Confucian revolutionaries or in the political frustration, or in the pursuit of the value of individual life journey of the traditional way - seclusion, with a poetic expression, let it high on the historical coordinates? Zong Bing was born in 375, the third year of Ningkang, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. His grandfather was "prefect of Yidu" and his father was "Xiang Xiang Ling". Because his family's economic conditions are good, his parents have good lessons, and he is smart, he can write and draw in his youth, which is quite famous. His life design is closely connected with painting. Liu Yi and Liu Daolian, the generals of the northern government, were called to enlist one after another, but they were all rejected by him. The emperor is an idiot. It's a chaotic time of fighting for imperial power and frequent wars. In such troubled times, he felt too much psychological pressure on him, so he thought that "the kingdom of Buddhism is the greatest.". As an artist who loves painting, Zong Bing attaches great importance to the broadening of his cultural vision. He sincerely absorbed the nutrition of Buddhism, a foreign culture. In the first year of Yuanxing (402), he fled thousands of miles to Lushan Mountain from his hometown of Nanyang to nieyang (now the Han River Valley in Deng County, Henan Province), because he admired Buddhism and the Buddhist master Huiyuan. That year, he was 27 and Huiyuan was 69. He worshipped Huiyuan as his teacher, joined the "Bailian society", believed in Buddhism, and studied Buddhism, Confucianism, Laozhuang philosophy and literature from Huiyuan. On July 28 of this year, Huiyuan led 123 disciples to build a fast in front of the statue of Amitabha and vowed to be reborn in the pure land of Amitabha after death. Zong Bing was one of them. At the end of last year, Tao Yuanming, who worked under Huan Xuan, the governor of the seven prefectures and governor of the two prefectures in Jiangling, returned to his hometown at the southeast foot of Lushan Mountain for the rest of his life. In July of this year, he returned to Jiangling. Perhaps it is for this reason that Tao Yuanming, 37, has no contact with Zong Bing, who is 10 years younger and lives in Donglin temple at the West foot of Lushan Mountain. This visit to Lushan has become a memory of life and death. "In the past, the monk Chengye was in Lushan Mountain, and the rest of his life was in his fifties. He was noble, pure, and rigorous, and his Neo Confucianism was exquisite, so he was able to consolidate the current." He also said that Huiyuan learned from dao'an, a famous monk with "miraculous spirit and virtue", and then set up a school of his own in Lushan Mountain. "It's based on the transformation of gods, deep in the rock forest." He recalled that when he was in Lushan Mountain, Huiyuan repeatedly taught him lessons in the beautiful landscape. The master's explanation was as smooth as Shujuan's Xingyun, but he quoted the Buddhist scriptures with great solemnity: "suddenly and I spoke between the rocks, trees and gullies. It was warm that there was someone who said that he was solemn. All Ruoshi's comments are based on the Scripture's purpose In the 12th year of Yuanjia (435), when he was a young man, he wrote a treatise on Ming Buddha in Jiangling's former residence. At that time, Zong Bing had been studying Buddhism in Lushan for less than two months. His brother, Zong Zang, the Nanping prefect, came to him. He resolutely opposed his joining the Lotus Society and forced him to return to his hometown. Zongzang built a house for him in Jiangling and asked him to live there. He has only been in Lushan Mountain for 50 days, and has been living in Donglin temple. In this way, he became a marginal figure in Lushan cultural circle. This is Zong Bing's first marriage with Lushan. However, this marriage has modified his life design. In his short 50 days in Lushan, he became addicted to touring mountains and rivers. Since then, the exploration of natural beauty has become a powerful driving force of his life and the starting point of his brilliant life. As a Buddhist leader, Huiyuan often had a large number of disciples when he visited Lushan. Zong Bing, however, likes to travel alone. This kind of travel is the most personal, the style of Laozhuang, which can release his personal potential. Many times he traveled along the Yangtze River to Lushan Mountain in the East, to Jingshan mountain in the west, to Wushan mountain in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, to Dongting Lake and Hengshan Mountain in the south, to Songshan Mountain and Huashan Mountain in the north. He once built a villa in Hengshan and "wanted to cherish the ambition of peace." In the middle, Zong Bing kept in touch with his teacher Huiyuan. In the first year of Yixi (405), he came to Lushan for the second time. At this time, Lei Tzong, a member of the Lotus Society and a hermit, also came to Donglin temple from Yuzhang and asked Huiyuan for advice on Confucianism and Buddhism. Huiyuan opened a separate class for Zongbing and leicizong, explaining the Confucian mourning Sutra. Huiyuan, who is engaged in the Sinicization of Buddhism, not only invited many famous Buddhist translators from the western regions, but also directly invited foreign mages from ancient India and niber to translate Buddhist scriptures. He also attached great importance to the study of Chinese native culture. At that time, Lushan was not only the second Buddhist Center in southern China, but also an important academic town for Huiyuan to study Confucianism, Laozhuang and literature together with his disciples Zongbing, Zhou Xuzhi and Lei cizong. It's just like Li Gou, a native of the Northern Song Dynasty, commented: "Oh! In the early Han Dynasty, people in the western regions had to set up a temple capital to worship their gods When it is, what is it? It's just the God of the country. And the Eastern Jin Dynasty, song, the law is big. Gai Hui lived far away in Lushan Mountain. Although his name was Buddhism, he actually combined Confucianism, so he studied literature in Shaowen. Zhou Xuzhi learned Wujing and Wucheng, and Lei Tzong also learned Sanli and Maoshi. Is it true that a Confucian is a disciple? That month, I went to Lushan to study. What a great honor! Jiang Yan, a famous poet of Southern Dynasty, who was born decades later than Zong Bing, wrote "from champion to King Jianping"

Chinese PinYin : Zong Bing