Wen Zhenmeng

Wen Zhenmeng

Wen Zhenmeng (1574-1636) was an official and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty. It was originally named from Ding, with the name of Wen. It was named in southern Hunan, but not zhanzhi (yizuozhan Village). It was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) of Southern Zhili. It was the great grandson of Wen Zhengming and an official of Ming Dynasty. He was born with a marvelous mind. He pointed up his reverie and looked at people. It was the same as the image of Wenxin country. He became a Jinshi in the 50th year of the reign of emperor Xizong. At the beginning of Chongzhen's reign, he paid homage to the Minister of rites and was also a Bachelor of Dongge. He was sixty-three years old. Wen Zhen and Meng loved Chuci very much, which was quite different from Qu Yuan. Zhu Yousong was crowned emperor in Nanjing, and his posthumous title was Wen su.

Life of the characters

Wen Zhenmeng was born in Jiaxu, the second year of Wanli (1574). He is a descendant of Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is the great grandson of Wen Zhengming, the grandson of Wen Peng, and the eldest son of Wen Yuanfa. He had a broad knowledge of classics and history, especially in the spring and Autumn period, but the imperial examination was not successful, and he failed in ten examinations. In the second year of Tianqi (1622), when he was 46 years old, he finally became the number one scholar and was awarded the Imperial Academy to write. Because he neglected Chen qinzheng's lectures and disobeyed Wei Zhongxian, he was demoted and transferred to his hometown.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), he changed Zuo zhongyun into a Japanese official. Three years (1630) into Zuo Yude, in charge of the Bureau, straight as before. Because of his impeachment of Wang Yongguang, the Wei party, he was denounced as "indulging in slander" and took the opportunity to stay away for five years. In 1632, he was promoted to Youshu son at home and went back to his post. In the first month of the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Li Zicheng occupied Fengyang, Anhui Province and destroyed the imperial mausoleum. In July, he was promoted to be the Minister of rites and the Bachelor of Dongge. He was impeached and dismissed because he didn't get along with the traitor Wen Ti Ren. In 1636, he died. In 1639, he regained his original position. In 1643, he presented the title of minister of the Ministry of gifts and gave him a funeral.

The title of King Fu of Nanming Dynasty was Wen su. Calligraphy and painting have a family tradition, "calligraphy traces all over the world, a monument to the Department of the amount, and waiting for the imperial edict (Wen Zhengming) long.". Ming history has its own biography. There are a lot of works, such as "Nianyang Xu Gong Ding Shu Ji", "shaving tea theory", "CE Shu Yuan Ji", "Gu Su Ming Xian Xiao Ji", "Wen Su Gong diary", "Wen Wen Qi Shi" and so on.

Ten rites examination hall

South Zhili Changzhou (today's Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) is economically developed, culturally prosperous and famous. In the second year of Tianqi (1622), Wen Zhenmeng, the number one scholar of renxu, came from this area. Wen Zhenmeng, the word Wen Qi. Wen Zhengming, the great ancestor of Wen Zhenmeng, is famous for his excellent Ci, calligraphy and painting. The foreign envoys passed by Changzhou and looked at the gate of the literary family, paying homage solemnly. Wen Zhengming's works are well-known all over the world, and there are a lot of counterfeit works. Wen Peng, the eldest son, was a broad-minded son; Wen Jia, the second son, was a scholar in Hezhou (now Hexian County, Anhui Province). Wenpeng and Wenjia are quite father style, good at poetry, calligraphy, painting, famous at home and abroad. Wen Yuanfa, the son of Wen Peng, is well-known for his literary talent. Wen Zhenmeng is the son of Wen Yuanfa. Wen Zhen and Meng Shao are eager to learn. He is good at poetry, upright and noble. He made great efforts in the study of the spring and Autumn Annals and was good at it. Wen Zhenmeng, a young man, was famous for his literary talent and conduct.

Like most literati, Wen Zhenmeng also embarked on the road of becoming an official through the imperial examination. When he was about 20 years old, that is, in 1594, he became a Juren. But in the coming year's examination, Wen Zhenmeng failed. This is a great blow to Wen Zhenmeng, who was famous in his youth. But he was not discouraged. He went to Beijing to take the exam again and again. In the 47th year of Wanli, he had been involved in the examination hall of the Ministry of rites nine times, but none of them was on the list. His nephew, Yao Ximeng, became an orphan when he was only 10 months old. He was a teacher with him, and his name was Prime Minister Bozhong. However, Yao Ximeng also took part in the mid-term examination in the 47th year of Wanli. He ranked No. 321 in the palace examination. Although his ranking was low, he became a Jinshi after all. Wen Zhen and Meng even failed in the examination. On the 9th, 12th and 15th of February in the second year of Tianqi (1622), Wen Zhenmeng took part in the ceremony examination for the tenth time. After three examinations, Wen Zhenmeng was on the list. After 27 years, Wen Zhenyi finally became a Gongshi. On March 15, the new Gongshi took part in the palace examination. The palace examination does not dethrone, only determines the rank. Wen Zhenmeng won the first prize in one fell swoop and became the 82nd number one scholar in Ming Dynasty. There were 409 Jinshi in this subject, which was one of the most popular in Ming Dynasty. Later, a number of celebrities emerged, among which Wen Zhenmeng was the most outstanding.

Impeachment of Wang Yongguang

On August 22, 1627, Xizong ended his fatuous and short life. Xizong had no offspring, and his younger brother Zhu Youjian inherited the throne of Hei, with the year name of "Chongzhen". In the face of the declining country, Emperor Chongzhen tried to turn the tide back. The first thing he did after he ascended the throne was to eradicate the "eunuch party". Wei Zhongxian committed suicide and the Hakka family was killed by the staff. Cui Chengxiu, the backbone of the "eunuch party", also hanged himself. At the same time, the emperor ordered to rehabilitate the officials who had been killed and demoted by the "eunuch party". Wen Zhen and Meng Yingzhao came to Beijing and went out to serve as an official. Six years after he left the officialdom, Wen Zhenmeng became an official again. Soon after, Wen Zhenyi was transferred to Zuo zhongyun, a subordinate official of Zuo Chunfang in the east palace. He was ordered to serve as a Japanese preacher in the capacity of Zuo zhongyun to explain the classics and history to Emperor Chongzhen. In the winter and October of the second year of Chongzhen (1629), King Huang Taiji led more than 100000 elite soldiers to attack the pass from xifengkou. They killed and plundered all the way to Beijing. One hundred and seventy prisoners, including Liu Zhongjin, escaped and were arrested. When Emperor Chongzhen heard the news, long Xu was very angry. He ordered the arrest of Qiao Yunsheng, Zuo chuanlang and Hu Shishang, the ministers of the Ministry of punishment, and the prison chief Ao Jirong, who was going to ask for death. According to the law, Qiao Yunsheng and Hu Shishang should not be guilty of this crime. Emperor Chongzhen's action was improper. But he was in the heat, and no one dared to admonish the upright Wen Zhen Meng, who refused to sit by and make up his mind to admonish him. One day, it was Wen Zhenmeng's turn to explain Lu Lun, a version of the Analects of Confucius, to Emperor Chongzhen. When it came to the passage of "the monarch and his envoys are courteous", he repeatedly explained and criticized emperor Chongzhen. Emperor Chongzhen immediately issued a decree to release Qiao Yunsheng and Hu Shishang.

In February of the third year of Chongzhen (1630), because of the border crisis, Emperor Chongzhen issued an imperial edict to appease the frontier generals. Wang Yongguang, the remnant of the "castration party", was the Minister of the Ministry of officials. He took the opportunity to recommend his fellow party, LV Chunru and others, trying to overturn the case for the "castration party". For a time, the remnants of the "eunuch party" were ready to stir up a clamor to overturn the case. Wen Zhenmeng saw this, and Shangshu impeached him. But emperor Chongzhen was very fond of Wang Yongguang and didn't believe that he had any misdeeds. He ignored Wen Zhenmeng's memorials. However, he did not blame Wen Zhenmeng. On the contrary, he thought that his loyalty was commendable. He promoted him to Zuo Yude, who was in charge of the Economic Bureau. Si Jing bureau is the East Palace yamen, whose function is to manage the classics. Wen Zhenmeng was still a Japanese lecturer. However, Wen Zhenmeng firmly believed that Wang Yongguang was plotting to overturn the case, so he once again went to Shangshu and said, "the villains conspired to overturn the case for the 'castration Party' by taking advantage of the frontier generals and other things. In the world, there is a gentleman who does wrong without talent, and no villain who serves the country with loyalty. Today, Lu Chunru, who has always been shameless and slaughtered celebrities and sages, is going around trying to overturn his case. Wang Yongguang, as a minister of the Ministry of official affairs, steals prestige and fortune, criticizes sages with villains, is domineering and ruthless; he practices fraud and pretends to be honest and upright; he discusses promotion and changes patriarchal system; he selects by examination and discards honesty and uprightness. But no one dares to speak. It's not the blessing of the country that all ministers are like this! "After emperor Chongzhen's visit, he was dubious and ordered Wen Zhenmeng to play. Wen Zhenmeng wrote: "kill famous scholars and sages, Zhou Shunchang, the doctor of the Ministry of official affairs; on promotion, belittle Chen Liangxun, the Minister of official affairs; on examination and selection, abandon Chen Shiqi and pan Yougong. "Emperor Chongzhen had to believe it and scolded Wang Yongguang.

Wang Yongguang became angry and swore revenge. He colluded with eunuch Wang Yongzuo and lied that Chen Shiqi was Yao Ximeng's pupil, while Wen Zhenyi was Yao Ximeng's uncle, so Wen Zhenmeng preferred Chen Shiqi and slandered Wang Yongguang. Between Wang Yongguang and Wen Zhenmeng, Emperor Chongzhen believed Wang Yongguang more. He dispelled his suspicion of Wang Yongguang and turned to suspect Wen Zhenmeng. He issued an imperial edict to comfort Wang Yongguang and reprimand Wen Zhenmeng for wantonly slandering him. Wen Zhenmeng was really wronged. Although his loyalty was not understood by Emperor Chongzhen, Wang Yongguang and his party had to restrain themselves, and their ambition to overturn the case turned into nothing.

Wen Zhenmeng was not only reprimanded by Emperor Chongzhen, but also offended the powerful minister Wang Yongguang. He felt that he could no longer be an official in the court, so he retired from the countryside.

Shangshu impeached Wei Zhongxian

After Wen Zhen became the number one scholar in Mencius, he entered the Imperial Academy as usual to write and master the history of the country.

It has been three years since Emperor Zhu Youxiao ascended the throne. He was a fatuous king. He spent all his energy on playing, riding horses, shooting and catching fish. He especially liked carpentry, hand-held axes and saws, elaborately made combs, screens and pavilions, and handed over military affairs to Wei Zhongxian.

Wei Zhongxian was a scoundrel from Suning County (Hebei Province) in Hejian Prefecture of Zhili. He lost money in gambling and was driven to the end by his creditors. So he castrated himself and became a eunuch. He tried his best to ingratiate himself with Hakka, the nursing mother of Xizong, and made Hakka his "counterpart", that is, a false husband and wife. With the help of the Hakkas, Wei Zhongxian became the eunuch of BingBi, who was responsible for recording the emperor's oral instructions and submitting them to the cabinet for drafting and issuing imperial edicts. Wei Zhongxian then took advantage of this relationship to gain power and commit crimes.

Some ministers fell to Wei Zhongxian, while the upright ministers were resentful and could not be restrained, so they rose to fight against the "castration party". Censor Zhou Zongjian was the first to impeach Wei Zhongxian and was denounced. Wei Zhongxian fought back wildly, and some ministers such as Zou yuanbiao and Feng Congwu were forced to retire. The administration of the imperial court is changing day by day. Wen Zhenmeng is one of the more ministers angered by the "eunuch party" atrocities. In the winter and October of the second year of Tianqi, Wen Zhen and Meng Shangshu impeached Wei Zhongxian: "now the country is full of affairs and strong

Chinese PinYin : Wen Zhen Meng