Huiyuan

Huiyuan

Master Huiyuan (334-416) was born in Ruyue village, Yangou Township, Yuanping City, Shanxi Province. Living in Lushan, he was the ancestor of the Pure Land Sect.

When he was 13 years old, he went to Xuchang, Luoyang and other places with his uncle Linghu. He is proficient in Confucianism. When he was 21 years old, he went to Taihang Mountain with his mother and brother Huichi to listen to master Daoan's Prajna Sutra. Only then did he know that Laozhuang was chaff, so he realized the true meaning, so he became a monk and followed master Daoan to practice.

Personage introduction

Huiyuan is a common surname Jia. At the age of 21, he went to Hengshan in Taihang (northwest of Quyang, Hebei Province) to see dao'an and listen to "let go of Prajna". He suddenly realized that Buddhism was far superior to Confucianism and Taoism, so he became a monk. He lived in Donglin temple in Lushan Mountain and led the people to practice Taoism. He is a disciple of dao'an. He is good at Prajna and advocates abitan, commandment and Zen. Therefore, Zhongguan, commandment, Zen, religion and Guanzhong Shengyi all spread to the south by relying on wisdom. He made an oath with Liu Yimin and others in front of Amitabha statue, which was the earliest association in the history of Buddhism. The purpose of this association was to specialize in the Dharma of "pure land" in order to live in the "West" after death. Therefore, the pure land sect was regarded as the first ancestor. Xie Lingyun, a famous official at that time, took Huiyuan as his official. He opened two pools in Donglin temple and planted white lotus everywhere. The society created by Huiyuan was called "White Lotus Society". Therefore, later the pure land sect was also called "Lotus sect". The basic classics of Pure Land Sect include wuliangshoujing, guanwuliangshoujing, Amitabha, and on the past life.

Life of the characters

In 365 ad, due to the turbulence of current affairs, he went to Xiangyang with master dao'an to preach the holy religion. In the third year of emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty (378 AD), the former Qin soldiers surrounded Xiangyang. In order to protect the disciples from the disaster of war, master dao'an sent them to teach everywhere. Master Huiyuan also led ten disciples to live in Shangming temple in Jingzhou. In 381 ad, I wanted to go to Luofu Mountain (today's Guangdong Province) to practice Buddhism. When I passed Xunyang (today's Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province), I saw Lushan mountain peak forest. It was the good place to practice Buddhism. I settled here to build Longquan Temple in jingshe to lead the people in Qingxiu and promote Buddhism. Later, due to the increasing number of eminent monks and celebrities from all over the world, Longquan Temple was not enough to use. Therefore, with the full support of Huan Yi, the governor of Jiangzhou, Donglin temple was built in the west of Lushan Mountain as a place to gather people. Later, it became one of the famous birthplaces of Pure Land Buddhism in China.

In 402 ad, the master presided over the Donglin temple, and the road became more and more prosperous. Due to the virtue of the master, all the famous monks and scholars came unexpectedly. For example, Liu Yimin of Pengcheng (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province), Zhou Xuzhi of Yanmen, Lei zizong of Yuzhang, Bi Yingzhi of Xincai (now Ruyang, Henan Province), Zongbing of Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province), Zhang jishuo and so on are all outstanding people in the world. They all give up their worldly fame and fortune and come to get close to the masters to practice. It can be seen how great the influence of the master was at that time. The master observed that the public really came for the sake of life and death, and said to the public, "can you not come here in the pure land?" So, together with 123 people like Liu Yimin, jianzhai swore in front of the Buddha statue of wuliangshou in the Prajna terrace of Lushan Mountain: "all of us will work together to practice the pure land Dharma, in order to coexist with the Western Paradise.". It was also agreed that "because of the difference of people's root and fortune, those who have to go to the pure land of bliss first need to help those who are less advanced, so as to achieve the goal of living in the land of bliss with the limitless longevity Buddha.". He also ordered Liu's adherents to write "vows" and engrave them on the stone tablet.

In addition, Wang Qiaozhi and others wrote "Buddhist samadhi poetry" to express their wishes. The master also wrote a preface, in which he said, "what is the name of samadhi? It is also called to think only and think only. If you want to be quiet, you will have Qi deficiency and Shen Lang; if you want to be Qi deficiency, you will have wisdom and tranquility; if you want to be Shen Lang, you will have no seclusion. The two are the metaphysical symbols of nature, which can be used together And samadhi, whose name is very popular, is easy to get high achievements, and Buddhism is the first. Who? Poor Xuan extremely quiet, honorific Tathagata, body and spirit change, should not be square. Therefore, those who come to this decision will forget to know, that is to say, the fate will serve as a mirror, and if the mirror is clear, the internal reflection will be reflected, and all things will come into being. It is not the place of eyes and ears, but the place of hearing and seeing. Therefore, when you see the body of Fu Yuan's virtual mirror, you will realize that the spirit is clear and natural. If you listen to the Xuanyin of your husband, you will feel tired and calm. It's not the best in the world. Who can do it It is to follow the law of the sages, or to think about the agreement of a premier. Feeling the decadent shadow of Cunyin, I was afraid that it would not be accumulated. So I washed my heart and Dharma hall, straightened my mind, and forgot to sleep at night. The common man's achievement of chastity and attainments, with the ambition of three times, came to Tianjin to help things, and went with Jiuliu. It's just a literary chant to look at the poems of the others by looking up the help of others and drawing the weak into the future Before the gathering, the master led the public to plant white lotus in the pool in front of Donglin temple. This gathering was called "jiebailian society" or "Jielian society" for short in the history of Chinese Buddhism, and was confirmed as the beginning of Chinese Pure Land Sect. The later establishment of the pure land religion was also called "Lotus sect".

Since he arrived at Lushan Mountain in 381, he has lived for more than 30 years. He has never been seen out of the mountain and has never been seen in the common customs. He usually travels in Huxi to meet and see off guests. Even if the emperor Jin'an of the current Dynasty invited him, he could not say that he was ill. Within the boundary of Donglin temple, he devoted himself to the pure land, worked hard to do Taoism, wrote books and preached Buddhism, and devoted his whole body and mind to Taoism and Buddhism. Until the 12th year of Yixi reign of emperor an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (416 AD), the master knew that his predestined relationship was over and died in Donglin temple. There were three years in eighty years and sixty-three years in sengla. Ruan Kan, the governor of Xunyang, and his disciples buried him in the west ridge of Lushan Mountain. Xie Lingyun, a famous scholar of Xunyang, wrote an inscription to praise the master's virtue and brilliant life.

Throughout the master's life, his moral career can be summarized as four aspects

Personal contribution

Create four character Scripture

In order to make the majority of believers believe in Buddhism better, master Huiyuan also created the pure land theory and simple practice method of Western Paradise dominated by Amitabha according to Amitabha Sutra, wuliangshou Sutra, guanwuliangshou Sutra and the theory of reincarnation.

Chinese tea culture

Tea zen has a long history. The penetration of Buddhism into tea ceremony is recorded in Lushan Naizhi: "since the Jin Dynasty, temples and monks have planted tea ceremony one after another." According to legend, Lushan Yunwu Tea was originally a kind of wild tea, and later Huiyuan, a famous monk of Donglin temple, transformed the wild tea into home tea. He once entertained his friends with self-made tea, often talked about tea, recited poems, narrated scriptures, and stayed up all night. By the Tang Dynasty, Lushan tea was very famous. In Song Dynasty, Lushan famous tea was listed as "tribute tea" for the emperor. In addition, the folk song "Jasmine" was introduced from the north to the south of the Yangtze River, which may be attributed to Huiyuan. Jasmine originated in India. In the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was introduced into Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province with Buddhism. Since Jasmine was introduced into Wutai Mountain, it has been deeply loved by monks. Therefore, the monks who composed Buddhist music composed Baduanjin, a Buddhist music based on jasmine. Later, with the monks traveling around, the song was introduced to Jiangnan and became a popular folk song in Jiangnan after being processed by later generations.

Chinese landscape literature

Huiyuan is not a professional developer of landscape culture. However, because of the brilliance of his life, the strong life color of Chinese traditional landscape culture is more genetically stable.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty is an era of awakening to the natural landscape. Travel notes was first born at this time. In the midsummer of the fourth year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (400), Huiyuan led more than 30 disciples to visit Shimen stream in Lushan Mountain, which is the earliest "group cultural tourism" recorded in Chinese characters. Huiyuan led his disciples from Donglin temple to Shimen stream. They were so excited that they began to recite poems and Fu. Huiyuan also wrote poems, and wrote a "preface" for everyone's poems, that is, "the preface to the poems of all the Taoists in Lushan traveling to Shimen". The preface to the poems of the Taoist pilgrims to Shimen in Lushan Mountain is also defined as the earliest famous landscape travel in the history of Chinese literature. The technique adopted classification description, the scene of Shimen stream was first integrated into the chest, and then the shapes of mountains, water, stones and trees were drawn respectively, just like a picture, showing the wonders of Shimen stream in front of people. This kind of description technique is the first masterpiece in China's landscape travel notes, which has had a profound impact on the development of China's landscape prose.

Zong Bing, Huiyuan's apprentice, had a profound influence on later generations. Zong Bing, one of the eighteen sages of lianshe. Zong Bing modified his life design when he first became attached to Lushan Mountain. In his short 50 days in Lushan Mountain, he became addicted to touring mountains and rivers. Since then, the exploration of natural beauty has become a powerful driving force of his life and the starting point of his brilliant life. Zong Bing's preface to landscape painting is the earliest landscape painting theory in the world.

The charming natural landscape, together with the cultural influence of Huiyuan, Zongbing, Tao Yuanming, Lu Xiujing, Xie Lingyun, Bao Zhao and other celebrities in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made later generations of literati and poets eager to gather in Lushan and enjoy traveling.

Chinese Qigong

What master Huiyuan left to people is not only a kind of Buddhist thought, but also a kind of thing that people can personally feel and experience -- Dayan Qigong. It is said that Dayan Qigong was created by dao'an, an eminent monk in the Jin Dynasty. Huiyuan is one of dao'an's most proud students. Huiyuan completely inherited the Dayan Qigong founded by dao'an's ancestors and passed it on alone through the ages.

Personal works

Twenty volumes (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), three volumes (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao Yao Chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun Yao Chao Yao chao chao chao), one volume (also known as Shi Lun), three volumes (also known as Wen Da Cheng Zhong Shen Yi's eighteen subjects (and Luo Shida da da da da da da), one volume (also known

Chinese PinYin : Hui Yuan