Liu Che

Liu Che

Han Wudi Liu Che (156 years ago * March 29th, 87 years ago), "Han Wu story", which was first named "Wei", was the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (141 141 years ago), an outstanding statesman and writer. The son of Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, whose mother is queen Wang.

At the beginning, he was granted the title of king of Jiaodong. At the age of seven, he became the crown prince. In the third year of the later Yuan Dynasty (141 BC), in order to strengthen the centralization of power, the government issued the decree of Tuen en, and formulated the law of Zuo Guan and the law of Fu Yi, stipulating that the princes could only pay taxes on food and clothing, and could not participate in political affairs. We should employ talented people according to different styles and promote talented taxis to be servants for consultants. The power of the prime minister was suppressed, and the political system of the inner and outer Dynasties was formed by relying on the participation of cronies and close ministers in decision-making. In addition, thirteen prefectures were set up to strengthen the control of prefectures. In order to solve the financial difficulties, we reformed the currency system, prohibited the prefectures and states from casting money, and implemented the system of official management of salt and iron, equal transportation and equal allowance. They issued the order of calculating and suing, and levied heavy taxes on merchants. The establishment of a formal examination system, so that the county and state to promote filial piety and scholar, virtuous. The cultural policy of "dethroning hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism alone" was carried out. The five classics doctors were set up to build Taixue in Chang'an, the capital, and the prefectures and states all set up academic officials. As a result of superstitious deities, keen on Fengchan and suburban worship, has traveled around many times, extravagant. Since the second year of Yuanshuo (127 BC), Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack Xiongnu many times, forcing them to move far away to Mobei. Zhang Qian was ordered to send an envoy to the western regions to communicate with all ethnic groups in the Han and western regions. They conquered Minyue, Dongou, Nanyue and Wei's Korea, managed southwest Yi and set up prefectures and counties there.

In his later years in office, he was defeated many times, and class contradictions deepened day by day. There were two million refugees in Kanto, and peasant uprisings broke out in many places. The "Curse of witchcraft" in the palace led to the suicide of the crown prince Liu Ju. The imperial edict of Luntai in the fourth year of Zhenghe (89 BC) rejected sang Hongyang's proposal to recruit people to settle down in Luntai. He died in the second year of the Houyuan Dynasty (87 BC). Before he died, he made his eight year old son Liu Fuling the crown prince. His posthumous title is emperor Xiaowu, and his temple title is Shizong. He was buried in Maoling.

Life of the characters

Early experience

The year of Emperor Hanwu's birth is controversial. It is said that he was born in the first year before emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty (156 BC) and was a neutron of emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty. When his mother Wang was pregnant, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty was still the crown prince. Wang's dream of the sun into her arms, told Hanjing emperor, Hanjing emperor said: "this expensive Zheng also." Before Liu Che was born, his grandfather hanwendi died. After emperor Jingdi ascended the throne, Liu Che was born. He was also the only son of the Wang family.

In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (153 BC), Liu Che was granted the title of king of Jiaodong as a prince. In the same year, Liu, the eldest son of emperor Jing and his eldest brother, won the title of Prince. In the autumn and September of the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (151 BC), empress Bo, who had no son or pet, was abolished. In the first month of spring in the second year (150 BC), Emperor Jing abolished Prince Li Liu Rong as the king of Linjiang; in April of Xia, Yisi (June 6, 150 BC), the mother of Liu Che, Wang, was made queen; in June 18, 150 BC, Liu Che was made Prince. Liu Che's becoming the crown prince has a lot to do with his mother, empress Xiaojing, and his aunt, Princess Guantao. Wang promised to let Liu Che marry her daughter Chen, so she won Liu's support in the battle for the throne. Liu Chihou married the Chen family as a concubine. There was no time for them to get married.

In the first month of 141 BC, Emperor Jing died. Jiazi (March 9, 141 B.C.), the crown prince Liu Che is the emperor. The Empress Dowager Dou's name is empress dowager, and the empress Wang's name is empress dowager.

King in the world

At the beginning of Emperor Hanwu's accession to the throne, the Han Dynasty had been established for more than 60 years, and the world was stable. The ministers of the imperial court hoped that the emperor would hold a ceremony to offer sacrifices to Mount Tai and mount Liangfu, and change and determine various systems. And the emperor also advocated Confucianism, so he recruited talents through virtuous subjects. Zhao Wan, Wang Zang and others became officials by virtue of their erudite articles, reaching the high position of Gongqing. They wanted to suggest that the emperor should build a Ming Tang to preach politics and religion in the south of the city according to the ancient system, as a place for the imperial assembly. Their draft plans for the emperor's going out for a tour, conferring Zen and changing the calendar color system have not yet been completed, just in time for Empress Dowager Dou, who still worships the Taoist doctrines of the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu and doesn't like Confucianism. So they sent people to inspect Zhao Wan and other people's illegal profit-making activities in private, summon them to examine Zhao Wan and Wang Zang, Zhao Wan and Wang Zang's suicides, and what they suggested to set up is also very important It was abolished.

It was not until the death of Empress Dowager Dou in the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC) that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was able to take power. He further weakened the power of the princes, issued the decree of benefaction proposed by the minister, Lord Fu Yan (Y ǎ n), and promoted the princes to enfeoffment their sons as princes by legal system, which forced the princes to reduce their fiefdoms. At the same time, he set up a governor to supervise the local government. To strengthen the centralization of power, the iron smelting, salt boiling, wine making and other private businesses were organized and managed by the central government. The feudal states were forbidden to cast money, so that the financial power was concentrated in the central government. Ideologically, Dong Zhongshu's proposal of "dismissing hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism alone" paved the way for the special status of Confucianism education in ancient China. Taixue, a special Confucianism education, was established in Chang'an, which was the highest institution at that time.

During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, there was no lack of the thought of rule of law in Han Dynasty. While advocating Confucianism, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty also adopted laws and criminal laws to consolidate the authority of the government and show the status of imperial power. Therefore, sinologists believe that this system should be based on Confucianism, supplemented by law, with internal law and external Confucianism, preaching Confucianism and Taoism to the general public to show the government's tenderness, and imposing Harsh Criminal Law on the government to restrain ministers.

All over the world

After a series of policies of economic development and people's livelihood, the national strength of the Western Han Dynasty has been thriving. While inheriting these policies, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty actively prepared for the development of military forces.

Militarily, Emperor Hanwu first calmed down the turmoil in Minyue. Later, he began to use military means to replace the humiliating policy of peace and kinship to completely solve the threat of Xiongnu in the north. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing sent famous generals to attack Xiongnu on a large scale three times. They collected Hetao area, captured Hexi Corridor, sealed langjuxu, and pushed the northern territory of Han Dynasty from along the Great Wall to Mobei.

During the war against Xiongnu, the western regions were subdued by peaceful and military means. After the loss of the fertile and prosperous Monan area, the Huns moved to Mobei, which basically solved the threat of the Huns to the Central Plains since the early Western Han Dynasty, and laid the foundation for the later incorporation of the western regions into the territory of China. When Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions, the silk road began.

In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (105 BC), Princess Xijun was ordered to marry Wusun and his relatives.

In terms of astronomy and calendar, the Han Dynasty inherited the system of Qin Dynasty. In the early Han Dynasty, Zhuanxu calendar, the Qin calendar, was always implemented, with October as the beginning of the year. Until the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu changed the calendar and implemented the new calendar. The spring festival began at the beginning of the Taichu calendar reform, Han Wudi zhengshuo reform.

The curse of witchcraft

In the first year of Zhenghe (92 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty lived in Jianzhang palace. When he saw a man with a sword entering the zhonglonghua gate, he suspected that he was an unusual man and ordered someone to capture him. The man abandoned his sword and ran away. The guards chased him and failed to capture him. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so angry that he put to death the man in charge of the entrance and exit of the palace. In winter and November, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty recruited cavalry from Sanfu area to search Shanglinyuan, and ordered to close the gate of Chang'an City for searching. Eleven days later, the martial law was lifted. The witchcraft incident began to appear.

Gongsun Jingsheng, the son of Gongsun he, the prime minister, used 19 million yuan of military expenditure without authorization. After the failure, he was arrested and put into prison. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an edict to arrest the great Xia Zhu Anshi of Yangling. Gongsun he captured Zhu Anshi and transferred him to the imperial court for the crime of redeeming his son. Unexpectedly, Zhu Anshi wrote a letter in prison, claiming that Gongsun Jingsheng had an affair with Princess Yangshi and buried wooden people on the road to curse the emperor. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so angry that his father and son, Gongsun he, died in prison, and the whole family was beheaded. Yangshi princess, Zhuyi princess, Weiqing's son Changping, houwei couple were implicated and killed one after another.

At this time, the alchemists and all kinds of witches gathered in Chang'an, the capital. Most of them bewildered the people with their magic and magic. Some witches came to the palace to teach the beauties how to avoid disaster. They buried wooden people in every room for sacrifice. When they quarrel with each other because of jealousy, they report each other in turn for cursing the emperor and being rebellious. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so angry that he executed the informer, and hundreds of people were killed by his concubines, maids and ministers.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became suspicious, he once took a nap during the day and dreamt that thousands of wooden people were trying to attack him with sticks. He suddenly woke up. From then on, he felt sick, in a trance, and his memory was greatly reduced. Jiang Chong thinks he has a quarrel with the crown prince Liu Ju and empress Wei. Seeing that Emperor Hanwu is old, he is afraid that he will be killed by Liu Ju after his death, so he makes a conspiracy, saying that Emperor Hanwu's illness is caused by witchcraft. Send Jiang Chong to investigate immediately.

Jiang Chong led the Hu witches to dig for wooden people everywhere, and arrested those who used witchcraft to harm people. Jiang Chong searched the residence of empress Wei and crown prince Liu Ju and took out the prepared wooden man to frame the crown prince. At this time, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty recuperated in Ganquan palace, not in Chang'an.

In July of the second year of Zhenghe (September 1, 1991 BC), Liu Ju sent fake envoys to capture Jiang Chong and others, and killed Jiang Chong. Su Wen fled to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and complained to him about Liu Ju. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't believe this at first. He sent envoys to summon Liu Ju, but the envoys didn't dare to go to Liu Ju and told Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that "the crown prince has already become, he wants to kill his officials, and they flee back." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so angry that he ordered the prime minister Liu quwei to lead his troops to pacify the rebellion. When Liu Ju left, he forcibly armed tens of thousands of people from the four cities of Chang'an. At the west gate of Changle palace, he was confronted with the army led by Liu Qumao, who fought with the prime minister's army for five days and killed tens of thousands of people. There is a rumor in Chang'an city that the crown prince is rebellious, so people dare not rely on Liu's regime. However, Liu's forces are constantly strengthening, and in the end, Liu's regime is isolated and weak

Chinese PinYin : Liu Che