He Xin

He Xin

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He Xin, also known as Mr. Rongxi, was born in Boluo, Huizhou, Guangdong Province. In 1503, the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, he served as the magistrate of Huizhou. The inventor of the fire wall (today called the horse head wall).

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In his life, He Xin was deeply influenced by two great Confucians: Qiu Jun in Qiongzhou and Li Dongyang in Chaling. He Xinji worships Qiu Jun's Da Xue Yan Yi Bu, and thinks that he can understand the way of sages; Li Dongyang is He Xin's teacher, and the preface of Li Dongyang in Huangdun Wenji is He Xin's going to Beijing.

Life of the characters

He was born in 1461, Hongzhi in 1492, Jinshi in 1493, and the censor of Shandong Road in Nanjing in 1494. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the he family of Boluo was full of talents. He Xin's brother, he Yuxin, was the most famous, known as "he Xiaozi". Chen Baisha, a famous Neo Confucianist, once wrote "Zhuo Xing" as a gift to he Yuxin, and left a poem "he Xiaozi, worthy of the words of the historian". He Xin learned from He Yu when he was young. Therefore, although there is no historical evidence to prove that He Xin is a disciple of Baisha school, He Xin's ideological tendency should be close to that of Baisha school. He Yuxin is a typical example, and He Xin is also deeply influenced by him. He Xin's enlightenment can not be separated from his father, "learning at home, only the subject and skill is to attack, and enter the University, secretly aspiring to the way of sages, his father and teacher also regarded it as teachable, but taught it the six classics.". However, He Xin, a young man with profound Chinese culture, soon found that he "exhausted his talents" but "failed to achieve them for several years". He sighed that "he did not know the height of heaven when he was wearing heaven, and he did not know the thickness of earth when he was walking on the earth". Seeing this, his father inspired him to say: "it is not easy for a scholar to find out the depth of the mystery and the depth of the poverty. If a man is far away from home and has a low self-esteem, the order of learning is the same. When he is engaged in learning, if he "concentrates on the high but neglects the low", he will "waste his ambition and discard his learning". He Fu's words are still enlightening today. Scholars who try to achieve it overnight will not stand the test of time. Under his father's earnest instruction, He Xin worked harder and harder in his studies. He was used to writing about the four Masters (i.e. Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi) during his years and gained a lot. After he Xinguan paid homage to the Nanjing imperial censor station, "he was in a hurry to do his job and did nothing else.". According to Chongzhen's BOLUO county annals, after he became the emperor's ear and eye, He Xin "kui'an had many talents and strategies, and he held three feet, but he didn't hold his hand to avoid it. It can be seen that he didn't attach himself to power and was upright. He Xin served as the censor for nine years. In addition to being the censor of the east of Renshan, he also served as the censor of Guangxi and the censor of the Qing army. Due to the lack of historical materials, how he played the role of censor during this period has not been clearly understood. The author only finds the relevant records of He Xin impeaching Hou Xun, the censor of zuojindu and Wu Min, the right deputy censor of Nanjing duchayuan. It turned out that in September of 1498, Hou Xun and Wu Min were "abusing each other and losing their constitutionality" because they were fighting for office space. He Xin, then the censor of Guangxi Road in Nanjing, impeached Hou Xun for "plain violence" and Wu min for "being too old to advance and retreat". He asked the imperial court to remove the two men from office or directly order them to return as "ministers" The ring of dereliction of duty. After the Ministry of officials made a detailed investigation of the matter, they were treated as officials. In the official system of Ming Dynasty, Hou Xun and Wu Min were the immediate superiors of He Xin. He Xin was so selfless, which was admirable. In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), He Xin was ordered to "supervise the military and political affairs of the right side of the Yangtze River, and the army and Wu Yiqing", showing his ability to manage the local military and political affairs. In the summer of 1503, He Xin was promoted to be the governor of Huizhou. When he came to Huizhou, He Xin was about to face the fire disaster, a problem that the former governors could not solve. Huizhou county and city "is narrow in land, rich in people, and there is no gap between the scale of Lu and she", and "fire" can be done once a year, several times a year, or several years. At that time, there were dozens, hundreds or even thousands of them. When the people suffer from severe disasters, they can hardly bear to be ill. " Ironically, because successive prefects had no idea what to do about the fire, the local Fengshui gentleman thought that "the affairs of the county government and the main gate are all in the direction of C", and "C belongs to fire, so fire is often in danger", so "to close the main gate, open another gate to the left of the instrument gate to get in and out, but to cover the fire.". However, the number of fires has not decreased. After he Xin took office, he first rectified this unhealthy trend. After his on-the-spot investigation, he sighed to the point: "the dwellings are thick, and there are no walls to prepare for the fire. Why is it that thousands of people do not burn in an instant?" He said: "Huijun fire, repeatedly for the people, we participate in the defense of this land, can sit and watch!" One day, fire broke out again in Huizhou, and the wind was so fierce that firefighters could not get near. He Xin, who took part in the fire fighting, was heartbroken and tearful, saying: "if someone is not in duty, the disaster will affect me, and I will not be sick." He Xin, after all, is a very clear-minded person. He will not "attribute" the inevitable fire to Qi as his predecessor did, but carefully observe the fire and seek fire prevention methods. Sure enough, the next day after the fire, He Xin called his parents and villagers to the court and said something that would go down in history: "I have not been able to cross the wall to be a patient. Disaster is in the sky, and disaster prevention is in the people. The best policy is to govern the wall. " He Xin, 500 years ago, has clearly realized that the occurrence of fire has nothing to do with "Feng Shui". Today, with the development of science and technology, there are still a few people who are lucky, regard the occurrence of fire as Providence or accident, and let it go and treat it negatively, resulting in the frequent occurrence of many avoidable fires. "Disaster comes from heaven and disaster prevention comes from people" is a materialistic and dialectical concept of fire control, which was precious at that time. After he Xin left Huizhou, his life soon came to an end. The last account of his life can be found in Chongzhen's BOLUO county annals: "when he arrived in Shanxi, he almost joined the party. When he was finished, he lived at home and died of illness. He was forty-eight years old." He Xin's untimely death has made the world choke. It is mentioned in Yiai Temple Yizhu treaty citation that He Xin is "the appointed official, but he is not in good health". It is with deep regret. It can also be inferred that He Xin has devoted himself to Huizhou Prefecture magistrate, and his health has dropped a thousand Zhang.

Create fire wall

During his three-year term, his greatest achievement was to mobilize and organize the people to build a firewall, which effectively guaranteed the safety of the lives and property of the residents. The "fire wall of He Gong" created by He Xin is named as fire wall because it can close the fire and prevent the spread of fire. It is one of the main features of Hui style residential buildings, which have spread all over the country. As for how to "control the wall", He Xin's method is "five families, and awesome kadawa". "When they are in the army, they have six inches for the wall foundation. Those who violate the law shall be punished. In other words, five households form a group, and the walls of the fifth household must be retracted one foot and six inches inside. The fire sealing wall should be built higher than the roof, and the residents who do not want to let the land need to pay for it. What's more, He Xin enforced the fire prevention technology of fire wall in the form of government decree, which made thousands of fire walls built in Huizhou City and countryside in one month. At the beginning, some people with shallow knowledge or those who cherish labor and expenses didn't cooperate very much. When another fire broke out in Huizhou City, the people were surprised to find that "the disaster could not stop beyond five families", the neighborhood was no longer as flustered as before, and the robbers could not start. At this time, the people realized that the construction of Fenghuo wall was a good deed of the magistrate He Xin, and happily said: "the fire wall of He Gong is so convenient; the kindness of He Gong is so thick." For a time, He Xin was regarded as a man of God. Even Lin Han said with emotion: "as soon as the fire wall is built, it is enough to resist the disaster for thousands of years." He Xin's creation of Fenghuo wall is clearly recorded in many local historical records. For example, both Jiajing and Kangxi's Huizhou Fu Zhi recorded He Xin's achievements in fire control, "since the last 60 or 70 years, there has been no fire, the disaster is easy to put out, and the wall is still.". This record is the authoritative evidence of He Xin's promotion of "fire wall". At the same time, the author also learned that as an important technical measure in building fire prevention, fire sealing wall appeared sporadically in some extremely important buildings, such as imperial palace and granary, as early as the Han Dynasty. However, He Xin is the first person to popularize the fire prevention technology to residential buildings and widely apply it to urban and rural areas. His historical status has been confirmed in the general history of fire protection in China. After the success of the fire control, the people praised him in the poem of eliminating disasters and built a pavilion to commemorate him. In the first year of Zhengde (1506), after he Xin's three-year term, he had to go to Beijing for performance appraisal. In order to remember he Xin's virtue and politics, Huizhou officials and people jointly raised funds to write articles and engrave stones, build stele pavilions in Wanshan, and build virtue and politics steles to express their thoughts. In October of 1508, the third year of Zhengde, He Xin was promoted to be the Chief Secretary of Shanxi Province for his outstanding political voice. On the day of his leaving office, He Xin was called "County man, covering the road and weeping". After he Xin's death, Huizhou people worshipped him in the "ten Prefects' temple" and the "last love Temple". Among them, "Yiai Temple" is the highest standard sacrificial place in Shexian county. In the end of Ming Dynasty, there were only three virtuous eunuchs who had made great contributions to the place. He Xin was one of them. There were two spring and autumn festivals every year. In yanzhenzhicao, written by she Huarui, a scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, there is a treaty citation of Yiai temple in 1516, which points out that "he Hou of Rongxi was worshipped for his disaster relief".

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