Liu e

Liu e

Liu e (è) (October 18, 1857 - August 23, 1909), a novelist in the late Qing Dynasty. Its name is Zhenyuan. Its original name is Meng Peng, and its characters are Yun Tuan and convention. Later renamed e, the word Tieyun, and the word convention, the old disabled. Signed "Hongdu bailiansheng". Han nationality, born in Dantu (now Zhenjiang City), Jiangsu Province, is a native of Shanyang (now Huai'an District, Jiangsu Province). Since Liu e was a young man and worshipped Li Guangxin (Longchuan), the Nanzong of Taigu School, he advocated the Taigu theory of "education" as the outline, developing economic production, enriching the people and cultivating the people.

Life of the characters

Liu e was born on October 18, 1857 in Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province. In his youth, he did not want to take the road of imperial examination, but extensively studied water conservancy, mathematics, medicine, epigraphy, astronomy, temperament, exegesis and so on.

In 1880 (at the age of 23), he went to Yangzhou to learn from Taigu School, the last Confucian school in China. He was practical and learned from the west, hoping to make foreign things serve China.

In 1884 (27 years old), Liu e opened a tobacco shop in Huai'an, and soon closed down. Later, he went to Yangzhou to open a hospital, which also closed down.

In 1887 (30 years old), he opened Shichang book company in Shanghai, which was the first time to use the stone seal in China. Soon, the book company closed down. He failed many times in business and fought many times.

In his early years, he turned to medicine and business. From 1888 to the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he successively joined Wu Dacheng, governor of Henan Province, and Zhang Yao, governor of Shandong Province, to assist in the Yellow River control project. With remarkable achievements, he was recommended to the premier's national affairs yamen for appointment as a magistrate.

In 1896, Italian Rosa Di came to Beijing. He coveted the Shanxi coal mine. He lobbied the Rothschild family in Europe, collected 20000 pounds, registered a company in Britain, and registered an office in Beijing under the name of Fu company. At that time, the Qing government did not allow foreigners to open mines in China. It was urgent for luoshadi to find a Chinese agent to operate in the name of a Chinese company, and Fu company was behind the scenes. Rosa day and diplomat Ma Jianzhong have old, Ma recommended to him his wife's hometown Liu E.. In 1897, Liu e was appointed as the manager of Shanxi mineral preparation and mining company. Later, he participated in the drafting of the articles of association of Henan mining authority Yufeng company, and planned to mine Sichuan Maha gold mine and Zhejiang quliwen Sifu coal mine for Fuxin Company, becoming a comprador and broker for foreign investors.

In 1900, after the Boxer Rebellion, the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded Beijing. Liu e bought Taicang millet from the Allied forces and set up Pingchu bureau to relieve Beijing's hunger. In order to achieve the Taigu School's goal of "educating the world".

In 1902, Liu E and others in Pukou (now in the northwest of Nanjing City) jointly bought the wasteland of lianghuali. In 1905, he formally received the land purchase license. Just as the Qing government started to build the Tianjin Pukou railway, the land price in Pukou soared. Chen Liu, a local evil gentry, was dissatisfied and wanted to buy back the barren beach at the original price. There was a dispute between the two sides. Chen Liu once worked in the prime minister's Yamen, but his hands could reach the sky, so he wrote a letter falsely accusing Liu e of buying land for foreigners.

In 1903 (46 years old), Liu e began to write the novel Lao Can's travels. The purpose of this book is to support friends. Because his friend Lian Mengqing came to Shanghai to avoid disaster and it was difficult to make a living, Liu e knew that he didn't want to be subsidized, so he planned to write a book for him and serialize it in the embroidery novel to earn a living. The next year, Liu e went to Tianjin, and under the persuasion of his friends, he continued to write the travels of the old disabled, which was serialized in Tianjin Daily News and signed "Hongdu bailiansheng".

In 1903 (46 years old), Liu e published China's first work "Tieyun canggui", which describes oracle bone inscriptions. "Tieyun canggui" makes oracle bone inscriptions become valuable historical materials that can be studied from antiques that are only for a few scholars to watch in their study.

In 1908 (51 years old), Liu e bought land in Pukou to open a commercial port. Unexpectedly, someone wanted to buy the doubled land at the original price, but Liu e refused. So he wrote to Beijing, falsely accusing Liu e of buying land for foreigners and mentioning the private sale of grain. The Qing Dynasty banished him to Xinjiang for the crime of selling grain privately.

On August 23, 1909 (52 years old), Liu e died of cerebral hemorrhage in Urumqi and was buried in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province.

Main achievements

Liu e, the author of Lao Can's travels, was born in Dantu, Jiangsu Province (now Zhenjiang) in 1857. His original name is Meng Peng, and his name is tie Yun, butterfly Yun and convention. Liu e is erudite, expert in archaeology, and has made great achievements in mathematics, medicine, water conservancy, etc.

Liu e, who studied medicine in his early years, once helped the world in Yangzhou, and wrote "the rhyme of differentiation of epidemic febrile diseases" and "the supplement and correction of different drugs". Lao can, the doctor in Lao Can's travels, is a portrait of himself.

Liu e was born in a bureaucratic family, but he didn't like Imperial script. He inherited family studies and devoted himself to mathematics, medicine, water conservancy, music, arithmetic and other practical knowledge. He also visited hundreds of schools and liked to collect calligraphy, painting, inscriptions, inscriptions and bones. In his book Tieyun canggui, oracle inscriptions on oracle bones were first published to the world. The second Hall (Luo Zhenyu's Xuetang and Wang Guowei's Guantang) of the four oracle bones halls were directly or indirectly influenced by Liu E. The book Tieyun canggui, which is published by Liu e to study the characters of the three dynasties, is his representative work to study the ancient characters and their evolution.

novel

Liu e's novel Lao Can's travels is one of the four condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty. There are 20 chapters in the book. It was published in the semimonthly magazine of Xiuxiang novel in the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1903). 13 chapters were stopped for some reason, and then it was loaded in Tianjin Riri news. The original Department of Hongdu was born in all kinds of refining.

In the Autobiography of the novel, the author said: "the chess game is broken. We will be old. Do you want to cry or not?" The novel is the author's cry for the end of feudalism and the people's suffering. Lao can is a positive character in his works. He wandered in the rivers and lakes and lived by practicing medicine. He was willing to be indifferent and did not enter the official career. However, he was concerned about the fate of the country and the nation, sympathized with the sufferings of the people, and made a clear distinction between right and wrong. With the footprints of Lao can, we can clearly see the social life of Shandong in the late Qing Dynasty. In this picturesque and charming land, a series of soul stirring events are taking place. Feudal officials showed off their power, wantonly harmed the people and built a living hell.

Yu Xian made up for the governor of Caozhou with his "outstanding talents and achievements". In less than a year when he acted as the governor of Caozhou, more than 2000 people died in the front of the yamen, nine and a half of them were good people. Yu Xian's logic is: "this man is unjust or not. If you put him down, you can't be reconciled. I can't even keep my future in the future. In order to prosper, he refused to put down his butcher's knife. Lao Can wrote a poem, saying that "it is dark to bury the city wrongly, and the top pearl is red with blood", "killing the people is like killing thieves, and the prefect is Yuanrong", which profoundly reveals their essence. Gangbi is an honest and upright official. He once refused huge bribes, but he relied on no money and no bribes. He blindly speculated to solve the case and killed many good people in vain. The novel also exposes the seemingly virtuous officials. Zhang Gongbao, the governor of Shandong Province, is a senior official of "courteous and virtuous corporal" on the surface, but in fact he is very fatuous. He did not distinguish between the good and evil, the wise and the foolish, nor could he judge the right and wrong of the advice. His love for talent and virtue brought a series of disasters to Shandong people. Yuxian was appreciated by him, and gangbi was also relied on by him. What was more serious was that he mistakenly adopted Shi Junfu's river control proposal, abandoned the people's dam below Jiyang and retreated to the levee, resulting in the destruction of more than 100000 people on both sides.

The highlight of the novel is to expose the tyranny of "honest and upright officials" rarely exposed in the past literary works. The author said that "the corrupt officials are hateful, everyone knows it. Honest officials are especially hateful. Many people don't know. The official who covers the stolen goods knows that he is ill and does not dare to act openly. The honest official thinks that he does not want money. Why not? Self willed, small is killing, big is wrong country, I personally see, don't know how much. "All the novels have exposed the evils of corrupt officials, and some of them have exposed the evils of honest officials, starting from Lao Can's travels" (the 16th original review). Liu e's "honest and upright officials" are actually some executioners who are "eager to be a big official" and do not hesitate to kill the people for credit, and use people's blood to dye the red top.

In the interlude of Taohuashan, the novel focuses on two strange people, Yugu and huanglongzi, who live in seclusion in the barren mountains. Through their words and deeds, they publicized the Taigu theory that the author believed in, and maliciously slandered and cursed the revolutionary movements at that time, that is, the boxers in the north and the bourgeois revolutionaries in the south, attacking them as "chaotic parties". The Boxer Movement is very powerful, he said that "it almost killed the country"; the revolutionary party is slow to rise, he thought that "not to mention skin ailments, you should know that ulceration can be fatal"; he warned people not to "get involved in his party", showing the author's backward and reactionary side.

The novel is the author's symbolic illustration of politics at that time. He compared the corrupt China at that time to an old sailing boat floating on the sea and about to be engulfed by the wind and waves. There are several kinds of people on the ship: one is the person who takes the helm and sails as the leader, which refers to the feudal ruling group at that time. The author thinks that they are "not wrong", just because they are going to the "Pacific Ocean", and they only live in peace, but they don't want to encounter the wind and waves, so they are careless. In addition, they haven't prepared the policy, and when they meet the cloudy day, the sun, moon and stars are covered by the clouds, so they don't rely on them. Another kind of person is the one who instigates rebellion among the passengers, which refers to the revolutionaries at that time and slanders them as "Heroes" who "just collect money by themselves and make others bleed". If we can rely on them, "the ship will cover faster.". There's another one

Chinese PinYin : Liu E