Xu Shuzheng

Xu Shuzheng

Xu Shuzheng

From 1880 to 1925, he was a political and military figure in modern Chinese history and a famous general of the Northern Warlords in Anhui Province. word

You Zheng

, No

Tieshan

, also

Zelin

He was born in Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province (now Anhui Province). He was different from Xu Shichang, another political figure of the same period“

Xiaoxu

”。

In 1901, Xu Shuzheng went to Shandong from his hometown to join Yuan Shikai and started his military career. From 1905 to 1910, he went to Japan to study military. He was Duan Qirui's confidant counselor. He assisted Duan Qirui in the revolution of 1911, the monarchy of Hongxian, and the restoration of Zhang Xun. In the struggle with Feng Guozhang, he also led Zhang zuolin into the pass to consolidate the power of Anhui and presided over the unification of forces. He also set up Anfu club, manipulated the election of Parliament, and was active in the political stage of the early Republic of China. Later, due to the defeat of the southern expedition and the discord between the warlords, Xu Shuzheng turned to the northwest. Backed by military force, he forced Outer Mongolia to withdraw its autonomy unconditionally in November 1919 and return to the direct jurisdiction of the central government of China. He also managed Outer Mongolia as a northwest frontier envoy. In the summer of 1920, he returned to Beijing, participated in the Zhiwan war, and fled to Japan after defeat. Later, he tried to support Duan Qirui to make a comeback, contacted Sun Yat Sen and Zhang zuolin to form an anti lineal triangle alliance. He once invaded Fujian and organized the founding of the people's Republic of China and the establishment of the military and political system, but soon failed. After traveling abroad in 1924, he returned to China in the winter of 1925 to unite sun Chuanfang and Zhang zuolin against Feng Yuxiang. Because Xu Shuzheng had assassinated Feng Yuxiang's uncle Lu Jianzhang, Feng Yuxiang was even more hostile to him and ordered Zhang Zhijiang to hijack and shoot him when Xu Shuzheng left Beijing by train on December 30, 1925.

Xu Shuzheng is a man of both literature and martial arts. He has written Jianguo Quanzhen and shixixuan manuscripts, poetry collection of douxiangge and bimeng'an Ci, etc.

Life of the characters

Early career

Xu Shuzheng was born on November 11, 1880 (October 9, the sixth year of Guangxu) in Liquan village, Xiaoxian County, Xuzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province (now Anhui Province) in the Qing Dynasty. Before that, his father Xu Zhongqing (also known as Xu Shidao) and his mother Yue had two sons and four daughters. At that time, Xu Zhongqing was 47 years old, and Yue's family was 45 years old. Xu Shuzheng was born as an old son to them, so he loved Xu Shuzheng very much. As Xu Shuzheng recalled, "Shu Zheng was the youngest in kundi, he was the first to study, caress and teach, and was twice as good as his elder brother and sister.". Xu Shuzheng was born in a farming and reading family. His grandfather Xu LAN fled to Liquan village outside Xuzhou City to settle down because of the rebellion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. His father, Xu Zhongqing, was originally a rural school teacher and was elected as a student of Bagong in 1873; his mother, Yue, was Xu Zhongqing's stepmother and his family claimed to be the descendant of Yue Fei. Xu Shuzheng's grandfather, uncle Yue Feng, was a physiognomy. He married his daughter to Xu Zhongqing because he liked Xu Zhongqing's rich appearance. Xu Shuzheng grew up in such a rural intellectual's family environment. He was deeply influenced by Confucianism since childhood, and he was smart. He was praised as a child prodigy because he was "able to write poetry at the age of seven". When he was 13 years old (1892), he was admitted as a scholar. Four years later, he took the first place in the annual examination to make up for his students.

give up civilian pursuits to join the army

In 1897, Xu Shuzheng went to Jiangning (now Nanjing), the provincial capital, to take part in the rural examination, but unfortunately he failed. At this time, the Qing Dynasty failed in the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the great powers set off a frenzy to carve up China, and Chinese intellectuals gradually awakened. Many people went to the road of joining the army, and Xu Shuzheng was one of them. After he lost his fame this time, he gave up the imperial examination and thought that "the Confucian should study in order to make use of it as a religion. It is a great shame for the country to lose their teachers and cede their lands. What's the benefit of your head So Xu Shuzheng told his parents about his ambition to join the army. They refused to agree on the pretext that he was still young. Since then, Xu Shuzheng has "studied military strategy, paid attention to the general plan of the world's political and financial affairs, and predicted to make a plan.". In 1900, the war of aggression against China broke out among the Eight Allied forces. When Xu Shuzheng heard that the Qing government was recruiting soldiers, he thought it was a good time to realize his long cherished wish. He took money from his father's bedside and secretly left home to join the army. When Yue found out that his son had run away from home, he got on the mule cart himself, chased him to Qingjiang and took Xu Shuzheng home. The audacity of his son worried his parents. In order to get rid of Xu Shuzheng's idea of joining the army, his parents forced Xu Shuzheng to get married. The bride is Xia Xuan, who also came from a rural school family. In spite of this, Xu Shuzheng could not give up his military complex. Xia Xuan even gave his husband a dowry to pursue his dream. Seeing that Xu Zhongqing and his wife could not stop him, they had to agree to Xu Shuzheng's leaving home to join the army. In 1901, Xu Shuzheng left Xuzhou for Jinan to join Yuan Shikai, the then governor of Shandong Province and the commander of the new army. He wrote a letter about "the defeat of the state, the defeat of the generals.". Yuan Shikai was unable to meet Xu Shuzheng in person because his mother was worried, so he sent Shandong observation envoy Zhu Zhongqi to inspect the young man on his behalf. But Xu Shuzheng did not speculate with Zhu Zhongqi, who regarded himself as a "celebrity", and was rejected. Zhu Zhongqi even sent a letter satirizing Xu Shuzheng to his hometown. When Xu Shuzheng was down in Jinan City, he met Duan Qirui, a subordinate of Yuan Shikai. They met at first sight, and Duan Qirui hired Xu Shuzheng as his recording room. Xu Shuzheng became Duan Qirui's right-hand man for more than 20 years and started his career.

Three make a republic

In 1905, with the support of Duan Qirui, Xu Shuzheng went to Japan to study military. He first studied basic knowledge in Zhenwu school. Three years later, he entered the infantry section of the Japanese army sergeant school and returned to China in 1910. When I returned home, I found out that my father had passed away a few years ago. I couldn't help crying. Xu Shuzheng was assigned by the Qing government to the Sixth Army town in Nanyuan, Beijing, and still belonged to Duan Qirui. Soon afterwards, he went to Zhangde to visit Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang, who had "returned to Yanggu". On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and the Qing government soon fell into a state of disintegration. Yuan Shikai was restored to suppress the revolution, and in November he became Prime Minister of the cabinet. Here, Xu Shuzheng gave some advice to Duan Qirui, so that Wu Luzhen, who planned to invade Beijing, was assassinated. Then Duan Qirui was appointed governor of Huguang, and Xu Shuzheng was stationed with him in Xiaogan, Hubei Province. After that, Yuan Shikai instructed Duan Qirui and other ministries to support the Republic, and forced the Qing government. Xu Shuzheng was ordered to draft a telegram for Duan Qirui to support the Republic, and ranked among the 49 generals as the chief of staff. On February 12, 1912, the Qing emperor abdicated, and Sun Yat Sen ceded the position of provisional president of the Republic of China to Yuan Shikai. Duan Qirui became the army chief of the government of the Republic of China, while Xu Shuzheng was appointed director of the Department of military science and transferred to the Department of military and horse science. In 1914, he was promoted to the Second Secretary of the army. At that time, Duan Qirui was not in the Army Department because he suppressed the Bai Lang uprising. After returning to Beijing, he was often not at work because he was dissatisfied with Yuan Shikai. Therefore, Xu Shuzheng was in charge of the affairs of the Army Department. After the signing of the 21st article in 1915, Duan Qirui and Xu Shuzheng were removed one after another. At that time, Yuan Shikai was planning to become emperor, and Duan and Xu both expressed their opposition. Yuan Shikai thought that Duan Qirui's attitude was promoted by Xu Shuzheng, so he hated Xu Shuzheng. After Yuan Shikai abolished the monarchy in 1916, Duan Qirui was promoted to Secretary of state (later renamed premier of state), and he planned to use Xu Shuzheng as his secretary general. Because Yuan Shikai was displeased, he became deputy secretary general. Duan Qirui founded Beijing Zhengzhi middle school (now affiliated to Beijing Capital Normal University) with the rebate money of American ordnance and ammunition during his leisure time from the Second Secretary of the army to the Deputy Secretary General of the Secretary of state. In June 1916, Yuan Shikai died, vice president Li Yuanhong succeeded the president, Duan Qirui was still prime minister, and Xu Shuzheng was promoted to Secretary General of the State Council. When he was in office, he was arbitrary and self-centered. Li Yuanhong was so angry that he complained: "where is the responsibility cabinet system now? It's just the responsibility secretary general system!" Even Duan Qirui said, "you Zheng is ridiculous.". Xu Shuzheng and sun Hongyi, the then chief interior officer, were at odds for a time. After Xu Shichang's mediation, Li Yuanhong removed them in November 1916. In the spring of 1917, around the issue of declaring war on Germany, the dispute between the government and the court became white hot. Duan Qirui attempted to declare war on Germany with the support of Japan, while Li Yuanhong played the opposite role. Among Duan Qirui's subordinates, Xu Shuzheng was the only one who objected, believing that China should strictly abide by neutrality in the first World War. However, Duan Qirui did not listen to Xu Shuzheng's advice. On March 14, he announced that he would break diplomatic relations with Germany. On May 1, he manipulated the parliament to pass the declaration of war on Germany. President Li Yuanhong refused to affix his seal, and under the "support" of us minister Rui Enshi, he removed Duan Qirui from the post of prime minister by taking advantage of the public indignation caused by the Beijing News's disclosure on May 18 that Duan Qirui borrowed 100 million yen from Japan. Duan Qirui left Beijing for Tianjin, trying to make a comeback. Xu Shuzheng, as the backbone of Duan Qirui's command, ran around for Duan Qirui's restoration of power. He also participated in the fourth Xuzhou meeting organized by Zhang Xun, the Yangtze River Tour envoy, in May 1917. Duan Qirui learned from Xu Shuzheng that Zhang Xun wanted to suspend the battle of the imperial court in order to resume the Qing Dynasty's plan. He decided not to oppose the restoration for the time being. He would fight against Zhang Xun after the restoration was successful and seize the opportunity to regain the prime minister's throne. Sure enough, Zhang Xun, at the invitation of Li Yuanhong, supported the restoration of emperor Puyi on July 1, 1917. On July 3, Duan Qirui swore to fight against Zhang Xun by taking himself as commander-in-chief of the rebellion army and taking Xu Shuzheng and Liang Qichao as counsellors. Before and after the rebellion, Xu Shuzheng was not in Duanqi

Chinese PinYin : Xu Shu Zheng