Xu Qiao

Xu Qiao

Xu Qiao (1160-1237), the word Chongfu. Statesman and Neo Confucianist in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yiwu qingdelilongpi (now xutangxia village, Fotang Town, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province) people. He left office in his middle age and returned to Li. He founded "Dongyan bookstore" next to Xiaofeng temple. He taught for 17 years and became famous for his erudition, uprightness and brilliance. Zhu Yuanlong, Kang Zhi, Wang Shijie, ye yougeng, Zhu Zhong and Gong Yingzhi are all disciples.

Later generations called it Xujing lane. His grandson, Zuying, was in the west mountain of Yeshu, near the countryside. To guard the tomb, there was xuhutang, which was moved to Yeshu, with Longxi in the front and Qinglongshan in the back. Xu Qiao, Gengchen (1160) of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in longpili, xuhutang, Yeshu. (Xiuchuan Xu genealogy, Longpi Xu genealogy)

Personal profile

In the 14th year of Chunxi (1187), when he was in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, he was a Jinshi. Zhu Xi called him a "clear and upright scholar" and named his study "yizhai". Later, Ren Shaoxing, Nankang justice, because of the funeral home to leave. In the second year of Kaixi (1206), Emperor ningzong of the Song Dynasty returned to Lin'an after his funeral. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Miyuan, the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, advocated peace with the Jin people. Xu Qiaoshu, who was not afraid of offending the powerful, wrote a letter to him to explain the trouble of peace and put forward the strategy of retreating the enemy. In 1214, he was transferred to the position of Jiage character in the Ministry of criminal work. In 1217, he served as the magistrate of Anqing, providing pensions to the people, training soldiers, and preparing for the war. In the sixth year of shaoding (1233), the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty attached great importance to loyal officials, granted Xu Qiao the title of baomoge Jiangdong, and promoted him to Secretary Shaojian instead of Taichang Shaoqing. Xu Qiao refused to take office because he was too old. Later, Emperor LiZong of the song Dynasty asked him to serve as a sermon, that is, an official who often told the emperor some truth, as well as an official who offered sacrifices to the emperor, edited the Academy of national history, and reviewed the Academy of records. Because of his disagreement with the new prime minister, Xu Qiao repeatedly asked to resign and return to Yiwu. Song LiZong allowed him to retire after considering his poor health. He died shortly after returning home at the age of 78. Song LiZong gave him the posthumous title of "Wenqing", which was buried in the southern foot of Wuyun mountain. Xu Qiao has rich knowledge. Zhu Yuanlong, Kang Zhi, Wang Shijie, Zhu Zhong, Gong Qingyuan and ye Tiangeng are all his students. His works include three volumes of reading the book of changes, one volume of history continuation, one volume of Miscellany and ten volumes of anthology. None of them exist. There is only one volume of yizhaibielu.

Life of the characters

Taking the imperial examination

Xu Qiao was born on June 18, 1160, the 30th year of Shaoxing, Gaozong, Southern Song Dynasty. When he was young, he studied hard and behaved decently. He was a college student in Guozijian at the age of 20. Song Xiaozong Chunxi 14 years (1187) in Jinshi first, the beginning of Shangrao County, Xinzhou County, the book. The envoys of the Ministry of foreign affairs heard that he was a virtuous and capable person and planned to recommend him. They asked Xu Qiao what he wanted. The overseas Chinese replied, "I should devote myself to my duty and do a good job." At the end of his term of office, he was promoted to join the army as a judicial officer in charge of laws and decrees, convictions, robberies and ransom. His father Renjie died of illness, so Dingyou went back to his hometown to keep filial piety. After serving full, he was transferred to the judicial department of Nankang army, and returned to his hometown for three years because of his mother's death.
At that time, the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty was ruled by the Huai River to the north of Jin. In the reign of Emperor Gaozong, Qin Hui was in charge of the government, advocated peace and negotiation, and sent coins to the state of Jin to accept silk, but only for peace. During the reign of emperor Xiaozong, he made great efforts to revive himself. In the second year of Kaixi reign of ningzong (1206), Han Xizhou, the Minister of power and the Minister of state (slightly higher than the prime minister), launched the "Northern Expedition" without sufficient preparation. As a result, it failed. The Jin army occupied Huainan and was close to the Yangtze River. Under the planning of Shi Miyuan, the Minister of rites, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty conspired with empress yang to kill Han Yuzhou under the pretext of imperial edict, cut off his head, put it in a wooden box and send it to the Jin Dynasty to beg for peace. At this time, Xu Qiao was satisfied with Ding you and was a candidate of Jin and Beijing. When he knew about this, he immediately met with Lin Dazhong (a Yongkang native) who signed a letter to the Privy Council and said, "Han kuozhou's death was more than a crime, but he wrote to seek peace and humiliated him too much. He was afraid that he would not establish the country." Dazhong agreed with Xu Qiao's opinion and conveyed it in the court meeting. However, it was decided by the court at that time and could not be changed. At that time, people praised Xu Qiao for daring to speak out in order to safeguard national dignity. Dazhong wanted to keep Xu Qiao as an instructor in Lin'an Prefecture, and Xu Qiao was willing to accept the official selection as a matter of course, and take up the position of the official in charge of the criminal and prison litigation in Yanzhou.
In Yanzhou, Xu Qiao had to argue over and over again when he met with important business affairs, and he did not belittle others and show off himself. Therefore, although he disagreed with him, he respected and admired him as time went on. Yu Rong, a courtier, thought that Xu Qiao "should learn from the holy land of the cave and perform folk songs instead of making it sink into prefectures and counties." It means that Xu Qiao is familiar with Confucian classics, and his behavior is enough to set an example for others. He should not condescend to work in prefectures and counties. Yu Rong visited the state capital as a detailed envoy of the Ministry of punishment, went to Yanzhou, summoned Xu Qiao, and received him warmly and ceremoniously. Before leaving, Xu Qiao was asked to get on the train in court. Xu Qiao said: "this is also the case of the penalty department in the west of Zhejiang. It is not for the officials to overstep it." Yixie, get out of the door and get back to the Yamen.
In the seventh year of Jiading reign of ningzong (1214), Xu Qiao went to the middle of the court to serve as the Minister of punishment and the Ministry of work to set up the writing system. He was in charge of the files of the Ministry of punishment and the Ministry of work, sorting out the writing work, and changing the propaganda and education system. In Song Hongmai's book, "the choice of the imperial court is handsome, but it's necessary to try before you decide. Once in this position, he became a celebrity. ") The test question is "consolidating border defense strategy". Xu Qiao said in his article: "since ancient times, being a country, we should not worry about many things in the world, but about the general situation and the general situation. For example, the body, the border of the crisis, a special wave of trouble, vitality Gou full, in a wave of what? It is a common saying that the vital energy of the human being is the medicine of the state. If the vital energy is abundant, the disease can not be caused. If the medicine is attacked according to the disease, why can't the disease be eliminated? Recently, honest speech has been depressed, and public opinion has been stifled and the right way has been wronged. Today, the gentleman is in the court, the gentleman's way is not good, it is silent. The most urgent task is to rectify the heart of the monarch. If you want to rectify the heart of the monarch, the ministers in the court must first rectify their heart. " After passing the examination, Xu Qiao served as the Secretary of the provincial Zhengzi and xiaoshulang, that is, the Secretary of the provincial government office in charge of classics books and records of national history. He was responsible for proofreading classics and correcting characters. At the same time, he also served as the professor of Wu Wang and Yi Wang Fu. Later, he gave zhibaomo Pavilion and Jiangdong some prison affairs.

Served in Sichuan county

At that time, the expenses of the imperial court and government offices at all levels were excessive. There were many corrupt officials in the prefectures and counties, and they were in great need. In addition, they had to send 300000 taels of silver and 300000 pieces of silk to the state of Jin every year. The burden of the people was heavy and the people were full of complaints. Xu Qiao asked himself to be released and sent to know the state affairs. Hezhou was located in Huainan West Road at that time. It was located in Liyang (now Hexian County, Anhui Province), across the Yangtze River and facing Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in the northeast. It was an important place for Jiangfang. Xu Qiao went to Hezhou to rectify military affairs, repair defense equipment, and pay special attention to pension for the people. The local government only relies on the "brave" army, but it is not trained at ordinary times and its combat effectiveness is weak. Xu Qiao selected 500 strong men to make weapons. He commissioned the general's school to teach him how to shoot crossbows, forks and spears every day. He inspected them every ten days. He rewarded the excellent and punished the timid. All of them encouraged themselves. Lu pacification envoy (superior commander) called for the transfer of this army, repeatedly ordered four times, and even severely criticized. Xu Qiao's army is good enough to defend his native land and should not be transferred to other countries. If he blames and makes a crime, he can leave, and this army is responsible for guarding his native land and should not go. Results they were not transferred. In the Song Dynasty, the system of "he buy" was adopted in the former dynasty, that is to say, the grain was forcibly collected at a low price, and the system of "push purchase", "Dui buy", "Jun buy", "Bo buy" and "Kui buy" was implemented, which was more severe than tax. Hezhou residents are especially dissatisfied with the excessive amount of purchase, that is, they have to add several buckets for each stone they buy, which is also known as "fire consumption". Xu Qiao ordered to cancel the consumption increase and pay the fee according to the actual purchase quantity. In addition to the increase of consumption in the future, the government asked the imperial court to exempt the increase of consumption and forbid the excessive amount of grain to be purchased free of charge. When the Jin army crossed Huainan and invaded, the Xu overseas Chinese had set up a defense plan, and the officials and their families were fighting to open the door, but the Xu overseas Chinese were not moved. Jianzhou (Tongtan) wanted to send his wife and children across the river to avoid it. Xu qiaozheng said: "unfortunately, we are trapped. We should guard together." The enemy knew that he was prepared and did not dare to invade. The next year, Xu Qiao changed to Anqing house. Anqing was also in Huainan West Road, where he was in Huaining (now Qianshan County, Anhui Province), close to the frontier. Xu Qiaoshang wrote the memorial to the effect that there is a chance for him to abandon his opportunities, a heart to attach to him to leave his heart, and a nation to inspire him to push his power. Accumulation is three lost, war can not, and can not, so the argument Yijian self-defense. If you have the will to fight, if you can fight, then you can keep it. The border and Huaihe areas are always ready to be defended, but the upper and lower levels often have doubts that they can't be defended. They have six problems: the upper and lower levels avoid things, the generals have different intentions, the buying of goods disturbs the people, the patrolmen are not responsible, the militia are not practical, and the officers and soldiers have no firm will. I hope that we will have great righteousness to strengthen the ambition of the world, to be generous to cherish the heart of the Central Plains, and to build up the power of complete victory. In the important areas of Huaihe River and Huaihe River, the transfer department (also known as Zhi Zhi Shi, who was in charge of the army and horse garrison defense in each state) was in charge of all military affairs, so that the power of rewards and punishments was given to him, while the imperial court was strict in dismissing Zhi to take responsibility for his achievements, which resulted in the loss of six evils and three evils. Xu Qiao's best policy won the admiration of the central government. In the winter of 1218, Xu Qiao was promoted to the office of tea and salt official in Changping, Jiangnan East Road. After crossing the Yangtze River, thousands of Huai people were in exile in Jiankang and Zhenjiang areas, suffering from hunger and cold, so they ordered the county officials to provide relief with the grain stored by the state in Changping warehouses. Some officials think that they need to ask for the approval of the institutional envoy before they can open their positions, and they want to submit the application for approval before they implement it. In anger, Xu Qiao said, "famine relief is like drowning relief. How can we return it according to the conventional documents and delay it?" He was in a hurry to send out grain and asked to impeach them. This move has saved countless hungry people

Demoted to lecture

Xu qiaoren was promoted as a new official for nearly half a year. In May, he became a conveniencer. Xu Qiaochang, who worked in the countryside for a long time, also worked in prefectures and counties, and worked in the imperial court for several years. He was familiar with people's love and hatred and officialdom's bad habits, and confessed what he saw and thought in the memorial. Among them, it said: "the people depend on the state to build up, and the soldiers are the people's security.". Today, the people are haggard and sorrowful, and their desires are lifeless;

Chinese PinYin : Xu Qiao