Zhang Weiping

Zhang Weiping

Zhang Weiping (October 13, 1780-1859) was an official and poet in Qing Dynasty. Zishu, also known as Nanshan, is also known as songxinzi because of his love for pines. In his later years, he also signed the name of Zhuhai old fisherman and Changxia fisherman. He was born in Panyu, Guangdong Province. He was a patriotic poet who wrote a long poem praising the anti British war.

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Zhang Weiping (1780-1859) was born in Panyu, Guangdong Province (today's Guangzhou City). Jiaqing nine years (1804) Zhongju person, Daoguang two years (1822) Jinshi, because tired of the dark officialdom, in Daoguang 16 years (1836) resigned to return home, living in seclusion "listen to Songyuan", closed home writing.

Zhang Weiping was famous for his poetic talent when he was young. After the outbreak of the Opium War, Zhang Weiping witnessed Britain's barbaric invasion of China, stimulated his patriotic enthusiasm, wrote Sanyuanli, which praised the people's struggle against Britain in Sanyuanli, and praised the song of three generals, which Chen Liansheng, Ge Yunfei and Chen Huacheng donated their bodies to serve the country. These poems were very popular and influential at that time. They became a powerful weapon to inspire patriotism and played an important role in the history of Chinese literature. They were also valuable materials for studying the history of the Opium War. The late famous writer a Ying (Qian Xingcun) once praised Zhang Weiping's poems as "Heroic Epics" with "the most splendid and immortal glory" in the Opium War.

Life story

Zhang Weiping (October 13, 1780-1859) was an official and poet in Qing Dynasty. Zishu, also known as Nanshan, is also known as songxinzi because of his love for pines. In his later years, he also signed the name of Zhuhai old fisherman and Changxia fisherman. He was born in Panyu, Guangdong Province. Jiaqing nine years (1804) Zhongju, Daoguang two years (1822) into Jinshi. Since then, he served as a local official in Hubei and Jiangxi, and once acted as the magistrate of Nankang. In 1836, he resigned and returned to Li.

His father once served as a tutor in Sihui county. Zhang Weiping received family education from childhood. He was famous for his ability to write poems when he was young. When he was 13 years old, he ranked first in Panyu county's children's test. Wu Zhengda, the county magistrate, praised his talent and named him "Nanshan" with the meaning of "Nanshan has a stage and is happy to be virtuous" in Mao's preface to poetry. Zhang Weiping went to Beijing for an examination for the first time after he was elected in the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804). Weng Fanggang, a famous poet, read his poems and exclaimed, "the enemy of poetry is coming!" When he went to the examination again, Weng Fanggang wrote the preface to the poems of the three poets in eastern Guangdong for him, Huang Peifang, Tan Jingzhao and other three poets in the south of the five ridges. Zhang Weiping, together with Lin Botong, Huang qiaosong, Tan Jingzhao, Liang Peilan, Huang Peifang and Kong Jixun, built the Yunquan mountain Museum in Baiyun Mountain, known as "the seven poets"

In the second year of Daoguang (1822), 43 year old Zhang Weiping finally became a Jinshi in four examinations, and was sent to Hubei Huangmei County Magistrate and Tongzhi. In that year, the river surged and the countryside was flooded. He took a boat to inspect the disaster area. Due to the torrent, the boat was washed away by the torrent. Fortunately, he was caught by the branches and survived. The people sang: "breaking the torrent, the officials save the people, the gods save the officials..." After inspecting the disaster, he used kuyin to provide relief, which benefited the victims. Later, it supplemented the county magistrate of Changyang County, and also administered the county magistrate of Songzi and Guangji. After three years, he returned to Guangdong and his father was worried. The next year, he moved back to qingshuihao's hometown. In 1829, he was employed as the head of Xuehai school. He has been at home for several years and devoted himself to education. In 1830, Zhang Weiping, Ding Youfu and Lin Zexu, Huang Juezi and Gong Zizhen established Xuannan Poetry Society in Beijing. Later, he served as a local official for several years, but he finally saw through the corruption of the officialdom and came up with the idea that "an official can't help people's life, it's not like going home." he finally told him that he was ill in 1836 and left for Guangzhou at the age of 57. He rented a place in Huadi, Henan Province. He called the small garden "listen to the song garden". Yu Songtao carefully wrote lectures and poems in the garden. In 1839, Lin Zexu paid a special visit to Guangdong to ask for the countermeasures. After the outbreak of the Opium War, Zhang Weiping wrote immortal poems against foreign invasion and praising the people's Anti Japanese War, among which Sanyuanli and song of three generals are the most famous. On September 18, 1859 (October 13), he died in qingshuihao and was buried in yinkengling, northeast of Guangzhou city

The assembly is empty, leaving the heart in fine paper and ink. Before the book is finished, people are gone. Looking back in octogenarians, I'm in a hurry.

I fell into the world for 80 years, and I went back to Luotian. Songxi Huadi often travel, or the soul of poetry is a painting boat.

Literary achievements

Zhang Weiping was famous for his poems in Jiaqing and Daoguang years. He was known as the "three sons of East Guangdong" with Huang Peifang and Tan Jingzhao. Before the Opium War, he was appreciated by Weng Fanggang and Zeng Li, who were the leading poets in the poetry world. He also communicated with the members of Xuannan poetry society to sing and reward. Most of his poems were about mountains and rivers, leisure, gifts and answers, mixed with some feelings of wasted ambition. Only a few chapters reflect reality. For example, the series of poems of "Xian Yan", which is close to folk sayings, exposes Li Xu's greedy and vicious features; Huangmei Dashui Xing and Cuike show their concern for people's suffering. During the Opium War, he wrote a series of Patriotic Poems, such as the military songs of three generals, Jianghai, Shufen, sitting alone, Haimen and before the rain, praising the Anti Japanese War and denouncing surrender. Sanyuanli, in particular, is a rare poem in this period to sing about the people's spontaneous anti imperialist struggle.

Zhang Weiping believes that "poetry is based on temperament" (preface to Chen qingduangong's poetry collection), and poetry writing should be like the nature of creation. His poems describe the real situation in clear and clear language, and are sometimes implicit and concise in the plain description. Therefore, Lin Changyi said that he was "extremely vigilant" (volume XIII of sheyinglou Shihua). He introduced new things into his poems, such as fire boats and maps of the world, which showed the trend of breaking through traditional themes and expanding poetic realm. Zhang Weiping also made some achievements in his ancient prose. Yun Jing praised him as "Liu Zhongtu outside the mountains" (notes to the poem "sending Yun Ziju back to Changzhou"). He criticized the two major diseases of ancient Chinese prose at that time, namely "Chen Yan" and "pseudo ancient", and proposed that "we should not stick to prejudices, not be limited to partial corners, and communicate with each other according to our feelings. We should pay for things like wind and water, and water and land" (Fu Gong Ding'an Sheren book). His articles are not limited to his physique, but freely spread. For example, the preface to Shi shechuan Pianyun xingcao and the twelve stone Shanzhai are based on Shi, which all show the characteristics of "Yi Xin Ge Chuang" (Xu Yingzhu's comments on Qingshi).

Zhang Weiping is the author of the complete works of Zhang Nanshan, which is a collection of various works of the poet. Among them, "Song Xin Shi Lue", also known as "Song Xin Shi Lu", a total of 10 episodes, is the second and third of the ten poems selected by his school, which is the most popular source of Zhang's poems today. At the end of Daoguang, there were 10 volumes of "Songxin Wenchao" and "Songxin pianti Wenchao". There are also some works about poetry and literature anecdotes, such as listening to Songlu's poetry, yitanlu, and a brief introduction to poets of Guochao.

Detailed introduction of works

A brief introduction to the poets of Guochao is a large-scale collection of poems written by Zhang Weiping during the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang. The book is divided into two parts: the first edition and the second edition. The first edition is scheduled to be compiled in 1819, the 24th year of Jiaqing period. It contains 60 volumes and contains 929 poets of Qing Dynasty. The second edition was compiled in the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842) with 64 volumes. It included 258 poets of the Qing Dynasty. Among them, several came out again and about ten added. This book takes the poet as the entry, each of which consists of five parts

1、 His name, Li Guan, life experience and works;

2、 Collected from various anthologies, Shihua, Zhicheng and Shuobu, the related anecdotes and comments on poems;

3、 This paper extracts the relevant comments from the author's self-made works such as listening to Songlu's notes, listening to Songlu's poetry, songxuan's essays and Songxin's daily records;

4、 The title of his important poems;

5、 Excerpts from his poems.

There are five parts in zhenglue. The first part is compiled by poets, which keeps a lot of materials about poets that are not seen in other books, especially those about Guangdong poets, which are very detailed and of great literature value. The second part is a relatively complete collection of poets' materials, which is based on rich materials and has no man's disease. Some of the works cited are now expected or lost, so they are even more valuable Valuable; the third part is the essence of the whole book, a large number of authors' works, and a brief review of the works. There are not a few of them, and the four books cited, such as the "Xuan Xuan essay" and "pine heart catalogue", are not published separately. The fourth part can be regarded as the selected items of Qing poetry anthology compiled by the author, which is enough for later generations to collect; the fifth part is very careful, with good sentences and comments, which can be used by scholars. The style of "a brief introduction to the poets of the state" was originally created by Zhang Weiping. This book is a collection of "biography", "theory" and "selection", and can not be simply classified into the category of "data compilation". Among the five or six hundred works of poetry talks in Qing Dynasty, zhenglue is undoubtedly the most distinctive. Its vast volume and rich content surpass many works of poetry talks in the same era, and it is still a very valuable reference for the study of poets in Qing Dynasty. Because of its wide collection and easy retrieval, it can also be used for literature lovers to review and read. In his preface to himself, Zhang said that this book is enough to "broaden the audience and cultivate the spirit", which is not a empty language. After the book was compiled and published, it received the attention of scholars at that time. Gong Zizhen read this book in the third year of Daoguang's reign (1823) and highly appreciated it. He wrote a preface to Zhang Nanshan's poems of the state. He thought that this book is a combination of "poetry and history" and "selecting poems" is "making history". Therefore, it has a long history, an orange meaning and a comprehensive genre ". In Fu Tang diaries, Tan Xian said that he wanted to write Guo Chao Shi Lu, and he deleted and corrected Guo Chao Shi BIE Cai, Guo Chao Zheng Ya Ji, Hu Hai Shi Zhuan and other books

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Wei Ping