Zhang Tianyi

Zhang Tianyi

Zhang Tianyi (September 26, 1906 - April 28, 1985) is a modern Chinese writer. His academic name is Zhang Yuanding, whose name is Han Di and whose name is Yi Zhi. His pen names are Zhang Tianjing and tie chihan. His ancestral home is Shuangquan village, Dongshan Township, Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. Born in Nanjing, he finished primary school and junior high school in Hangzhou. He arrived in Beijing in the autumn of 1925 and was admitted to Peking University the next year. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he has been engaged in Anti Japanese and national salvation work and literary activities in Changsha and other places. After liberation, he successively served as deputy director of the Central Literature Institute, member of the China Federation of literary and art circles, Secretary of the Secretariat of the China Writers' Association, and chief editor of people's literature. His representative works include the fairy tale Dalin and Xiaolin, the secret of baohulu, the bald king, the novel Mr. Warwick, the diary of ghost soil, etc. His fairy tales occupy an important position in the history of children's literature.

Life of the characters

initial stage

Zhang Tianyi was born in Nanjing in 1906. In the 11th year of the Republic of China, he and his classmates Dai Wangshu, Du Heng and Shi Zhecun jointly organized small literary journals and published works in Saturday, fayue and Zhou. In the autumn of the 13th year of the Republic of China, he was admitted to Shanghai Art College for one year; in the summer of the next year, he was admitted to Peking University, and after class, he still read literature and art books and engaged in writing. In the 16th year of the Republic of China, he joined the Communist Party of China. In order to experience the life of the lower class, Xia Yiran dropped out of school and worked in Shanghai, Nanjing and other places as a junior Councillor, tutor, accountant, reporter, office clerk, clerical clerk, etc. to prepare for the pain of dismissal and unemployment. In the 18th year of the Republic of China, he communicated with Lu Xun. In the 20th year of the Republic of China, he joined the Chinese left wing writers League and actively engaged in revolutionary literary and artistic creation and other revolutionary activities.

Engaged in Anti Japanese propaganda work

In the winter of the 26th year of the Republic of China, he was engaged in Anti Japanese propaganda work. He often gave lectures in taokan school and other places. He donated money to support the Anti Japanese war with the word "Xi". He wrote short stories such as "the work of Mr. Tan Jiu" here. The next year he taught in Hunan national college. In the 28th year of the Republic of China, he served as a supplement to the observation daily, the organ newspaper of the Hunan provincial Party committee. In the 33rd year of the Republic of China, he returned to Xiangxiang for recuperation due to illness. At the end of the year, he went to work in the general association of Chongqing Association for literary and art. In the 37th year of the Republic of China, when he went to Shanghai, he became critically ill again and was escorted to Jinghu hospital in Macao. In May 1950, he recovered and went to Beijing.

In 1951, he served as deputy director of the Central Institute of literature, director of the Chinese writers' Association, editorial board member and chief editor of the people's literature, member of the CPC Committee group and Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese writers' Association, attended the second and fourth National Congress of literary and art workers, was elected as a member of the presidium, was a deputy to the first to third National People's Congress, and was a member of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

During the "Cultural Revolution"

During the "Cultural Revolution", Zhang Tianyi was beaten as a "capitalist" and an "executive of the black line of literature and art", and was transferred to Xianning, Hubei Province as a "laborer". He died in 1985 at the age of 79.

Award winning record

The story of Luo Wenying won the first prize of national children's literature and art works in 1954; the bald king and Dalin and Xiaolin are regarded as the second milestone in the history of Chinese fairy tales after Ye Shengtao's Scarecrow; the secret of baohulu and Yan Wenjing's next sailing harbor are two important gains in the creation of Chinese fairy tales since the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recognition of his contribution to the cause of children's literature in China, Zhang Tianyi was awarded the second national children's literature and Art Creation Award.

Main works

From emptiness to fullness (short stories) 1931, modern

GUI Tu diaries (novel) 1931, Shanghai Noon book company

Little Peter (short stories) 1931, Chunguang bookstore, Shanghai

"Gear" (novel) signed by tie chihan, 1932, Hufeng

One year (novel) 1933, good friend

Bees (short stories) 1933, modern

Back and milk (short story) 1933, good friend

Dalin and Xiaolin (fairy tale) 1933, modern

Counterattack (short stories) 1934, life

"Migration" (short stories) 1934, good friend "Reunion" (short stories) 1935, Wensheng

Renji (collection of novels and plays) 1936, good friend

Qingming season (Novella), 1936, Shanghai Literature Publishing House

Wanrenyue (short stories) 1936, business

Bald King (fairy tale) 1936, Wensheng

The foreign Knight (novel) 1936, Shanghai Xinzhong book company

Chase (short stories) 1936, enlightened

Spring breeze, 1936, Wensheng

Strange place (Novella) 1937, Wensheng

In the city (novel) 1937, good friend

Fellow countrymen (short stories) 1939, Wensheng

On character description (Theory) 1942, author's Library

Three sketches (short stories) 1943, Wensheng; revised edition, 1963, humanities

Selected works of Zhang Tianyi, 1951, Kaiming

The story of Luo Wenying (short stories) 1952, young and middle-aged

Rong Sheng at home (script) 1953, middle school youth

Big gray wolf (script) 1954, young and middle-aged

Stories without thinking (fairy tale) 1956, children

Secret of the gourd (fairy tale) 1958, children

Miscellaneous comments on Literature (review) 1958, author

For the children, 1959, Humanities

Going to the cinema (Fiction) 1960, literature reform press

Selected works of Zhang Tianyi, 1979, selected works of Zhang Tianyi, 1980, children

Golden Duck Empire (fairy tale) 1980, Hunan people

Selected works of Zhang Tianyi's Short Stories (Volume I and II) 1981, culture and art

Selected works of Zhang Tianyi's novels, 1981, Hunan people's Republic of China

Selected fairy tales of Zhang Tianyi, 1981, Hunan people's Republic of China

Selected works of children's literature by Zhang Tianyi, 1981, people's Republic of Jilin

Twenty one and others (collection of short stories), 1981, people's Republic of Jiangxi

Zhang Tianyi on creation, 1982, Shanghai Literature and art museum

Selected works of Zhang Tianyi, 1983, people's Republic of Sichuan

Zhang Tianyi's literary criticism, 1984, Humanities

Collected works of Zhang Tianyi (volume 1-7), 1985-1989, Shanghai Literature and art (not finished)

Fables of Zhang Tianyi, 1986, Anhui children

Bao's father and son (short stories) 1986, Baihua

Zhang Tianyi's works (Fairy Tales) 1987, tomorrow press

Research materials of Zhang Tianyi (edited by Shen Chengkuan, Huang houxing and Wu Fuhui), 1982, social science

On Zhang Tianyi's Novels (DU Yuanming), 1985, Ningxia people's Republic of China

On Zhang Tianyi (edited by Shen Chengkuan, Zhang Daming, Wu Fuhui and Huang houxing), 1987, Hunan Literature and art

Creative features

The characteristics of Zhang Tianyi's satirical novels are as follows

(1) Looking down at the satirical objects, we should pay attention to the perspective of the rich character history in the moment of life. We should outline the characters' lines clearly but not complicated. We should be good at refining the characters' habitual actions and expressions in Dickens' way, grasp the characters' soul outline, enlarge their small characteristics, and write out their big characters.

(2) We should attach importance to the flexibility of narrative angle, take action and emotion as the internal basis of narrative structure, desalinate the plot, rely on dramatic details and contradictions to construct the novel, and form a novel form with strong dramatic tension, which is fragmentary and sketchy in horizontal structure.

(3) The style of exaggeration is bold and unrestrained, and the art of satire is revealing.

(4) Fresh and flowing oral English.

Three satirical themes in Zhang Tianyi's Novels

1、 Anti hypocrisy. The first kind of hypocritical images in his works are those old landlords and old bureaucrats who are traditional guardians. For example, in the novel "back and milk", the patriarch of the gentry wanted to molest Ren Sansao. When he was resisted, he tried her in Xianghuo ancestral hall. Later, he forced Ren Sansao to serve him by night in the name of debt. Mrs. Ren pretended to be obedient, took the opportunity to beat him up and ran away overnight. Behind Chang Tai Yeh's denouncing of "all evils are led by lust" is his despicable personality of relying on power and lust. The novel describes the sediment as the mainstay and exposes the hypocrisy of Neo Confucianism. As far as satirical literature is concerned, Zhang Tianyi formally grasped the moral characteristics of these landlords and squires, who cheated the world and stole fame, and were strong in the outside but weak in the middle. He used satirical writing to expose the hypocrisy of their thoughts and the obscenity of their behaviors, which made the readers laugh scornfully and bitterly. At the same time, it also shows the author's class consciousness of love and hate, and describes the awakening and resistance of the oppressed. Such as "back and milk" in the third sister-in-law Ren severely punished the long Lord, and loved people away.

The second kind of hypocritical image in his works is the Philistine bureaucrat on the stage of modern politics. Mr. Warwick, a political satirical novel written at the beginning of the Anti Japanese War, is his representative work. Mr. Warwick is a philistine bureaucrat who mixed up in the Anti Japanese Cultural Camp. He has a strong desire for power, but he doesn't know how to do it. He swaggers and swindles around in a rickshaw every day. He is busy attending various meetings and meddling in all kinds of affairs. He spares no effort in shouting "to identify a leadership center" in an attempt to monopolize and manipulate mass organizations and activities. Through the portrayal of such an evil bureaucrat image during the Anti Japanese War, the work reveals the Kuomintang bureaucrats' behavior of interfering and destroying the people's spontaneous Anti Japanese organizations and activities in the name of Anti Japanese War, which had a wide social impact at that time. Moreover, Mr. Warwick is on the stage of modern politics

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Tian Yi