Zhang Xi

Zhang Xi

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Comrade Zhang Xi (1912-1959), formerly known as Wang Changzhen, was born in Dongtian village, Pingxiang County, Hebei Province on February 1, 1912. In the spring of 1931, he joined the Communist Youth League in the fourth Normal School of Xingtai Province, and successively served as secretary of the League branch and general branch, mainly engaged in the work of student movement. After the September 18th Incident, the people in Xingtai area were crying out for resistance against Japan. Comrade Zhang Xi and the Communist Youth League general branch launched two academic movements to publicize resistance against Japan and save the nation and recover the lost land in Northeast China, and they won.

Arrested for betrayal and jailed for more than four years

In the autumn of 1932, Comrade Zhang Xi was arrested in Xingtai for betraying. Soon after, he was escorted to "Beiping military reflection branch", namely caolanzi prison, where he spent more than four years in prison. After he was put into prison, he suffered the tests of the enemy's persuading and torture. The enemy also let out the wind, and the family could come to advise him. After hearing the news, his family came to advise him twice, and Comrade Zhang Xi did not waver. Under the leadership of the Party branch in prison, he resolutely and bravely took part in the struggle against the "Introspective policy" of the Kuomintang reactionaries and the prison authorities' withholding of rations, fighting for shackles and asking for bail for patients for a long time. During the struggle, some comrades proposed prison break and riot. The Party branch, Yin Jian, Bo Yibo, Liu Lantao, an Ziwen and other comrades, considering that prison break is unrealistic and will cause unnecessary sacrifice, advocated that the highest form of the struggle of "introspection branch" should be hunger strike. Comrade Zhang Xi shared this view and patiently persuaded young comrades. Therefore, the Party branch launched a seven day hunger strike in December 1934. This struggle was the most well prepared, the largest number of participants and the most successful, forcing the enemy to basically agree to the conditions put forward by the comrades.

A firm and unyielding member of the Communist Party in prison

In the spring of 1935, three secret agents of the third regiment of the Kuomintang gendarmerie, one pretending to be a judge and two pretending to be prisoners, entered the "introspection branch", found out some information about the party organization in prison, and decided to put to death 12 leaders and backbones of the struggle organization in prison, including Comrade Zhang Xi. In the face of death, Comrade Zhang Xi and his comrades in arms were determined to die. When the "He Mei agreement" was signed, the autonomy of the five provinces in North China was confirmed, the Kuomintang forces withdrew from Peiping, and the third regiment of the gendarmerie withdrew hastily to the south, the 12 comrades survived.

Comrade Zhang Xi was unyielding in prison. He showed the lofty integrity of a communist and got the love of his comrades in prison. He gave him a kind nickname - "little camel", which means that he was like a camel, carrying heavy trust, working hard, and marching step by step in the desert. He hated the enemy and had a strong endurance for the physical and mental torture of the enemy; he loved comrades and was enthusiastic in helping difficult friends and persuasive; he was cool in reading and had a strong absorption and digestion of revolutionary theory. As a result, he became a member of the Communist Youth League in 1934 and served as secretary of the Communist Youth League branch in prison.

He worked underground after he got out of prison

In the autumn of 1936, after Comrade Zhang Xi was released from prison, the northern bureau sent him to the special committee of Zhilu Henan, where he successively served as propaganda minister and secretary, engaging in underground work. At this time, the party organizations in this area were seriously damaged by the enemy, and the party's activities basically stopped. Regardless of the dangerous situation, Comrade Zhang Xi made inquiries everywhere, managed to take over with the comrades of the special commission, conveyed the instructions of the party at a higher level, and made arrangements for the work. Later, he went to Anyang to see Comrade Wang Weigang, who had just escaped from prison and returned to his hometown, and discussed the restoration of the party organization in Northern Henan. He went to Daming and Qingfeng to find Comrade Chao Zhefu and other comrades, and conveyed the process of peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident and the Party's Anti Japanese national united front policy. At the same time, he found most of the concealed party members and cadres and connected them with each other. He inspected the arrested party members and cadres and restored the party membership of comrades without problems, thus restoring most of the party organizations in this area and preparing them organizationally and cadre for the war of resistance against Japan.

Establishing and developing Hebei Shandong Henan revolutionary base

From the summer of 1937 to the spring of 1948, Comrade Zhang Xi continued to live and fight in the Hebei Shandong Henan Plain. He was not only one of the main founders of the revolutionary bases in Luxi, Huxi and jiluyu before the merger, but also one of the main leaders of the border region after the merger. He made great contributions to the establishment, construction and development of Hebei Shandong Henan revolutionary base.

Painstakingly participating in the establishment of the Anti Japanese National United Front

After the July 7th incident, Comrade Zhang Xi successively served as the Secretary of the special committee of Shandong Henan, the Secretary of the local Party committee of Hebei Henan, and the Secretary of the Party committee of Tainan District. According to the guidelines and instructions of the Party Central Committee and the northern Bureau, he took advantage of the favorable opportunity that there was no Japanese army in Hebei, Shandong and Henan to seize the work of establishing the Anti Japanese national united front, personally established the Anti Japanese democratic government of Cixian County, and specifically guided the formation of the 13th detachment of the northern people's army with Pengcheng Cichang workers as the main force and the 4th detachment of the Anti Japanese army with Liuhegou coal miners as the main force. As a result, the party, government, mass organizations and other organizations in their respective counties were established one after another, setting off a vigorous Anti Japanese and national salvation climax at all levels of the region.

Two great anti "sweeps"

In April 1940, Comrade Zhang Xi was transferred back to Hebei, Shandong and Henan as Deputy Secretary of the district Party committee, and soon as secretary. From 1940 to the first half of 1943, the Hebei Shandong Henan Anti Japanese base area was in the most difficult period. On June 10, 1940 (May 5 of the lunar calendar) and April 12, 1941, the Japanese invaders carried out two major raids on this base area, one on May 5 and the other on April 12. For the first time, a complete area was divided into many small areas, the largest of which was the central area of sand area in the south of Neihuang, the west of Qingfeng, the northwest of Puyang, the northeast of Huaxian and the east of Weihe. The second time, the Japanese aggressors tried to completely destroy the sand area by killing, burning and robbing the sand area. Comrade Zhang Xi, commander of the military region Yang Dezhi and other comrades conscientiously summed up the experience and lessons of the two anti raids, mobilized the party, the government, the army, the mass organizations, etc., and respectively grasped the expansion of our regular army, the consolidation of the district and county armed forces, and the development of the militia, so that the whole region maintained a mobile and flexible armed force against the enemy; focused on the aftermath work, and distributed relief food and other materials They also cracked down on the bandits and reactionary sects who took the opportunity to harass them, thus stabilizing the social order. The people of the border region have persisted in the land that the enemy is plotting to destroy.

Conscientiously responsible for the rectification and study

In July 1941, the party committees of Hebei, Shandong and Henan and Luxi district were merged and still called the border region of Hebei, Shandong and Henan. Comrade Zhang Xi served as Deputy Secretary of the Party committee and head of organization of the district. He cooperated well with Comrade Zhang Linzhi, Secretary of the Party committee of the district. In October 1942, Comrade Zhang Xi was appointed the propaganda minister of the Party committee of Hebei, Shandong and Henan. He highly respected Comrade Huang Jing, the Secretary of the Party committee of the District, and said that Comrade Huang Jing played a key role in Hebei, Shandong and Henan. In November 1943, the central sub Bureau of Hebei, Shandong and Henan was established, with Comrade Zhang Xi as secretary general. In May 1944, Comrade Zhang Xi also served as Secretary General of the Party School of the Branch Bureau, specifically responsible for the rectification movement. In June of the same year, more than 1000 cadres at or above the county level and the army company level under the party committees of Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Southern Hebei were transferred by the sub bureau to study the rectification style for nearly a year, thus making the greatest efforts to win the final victory of the anti Japanese war.

Persist in guerrilla warfare and consolidate rural positions

In August 1945, the Party committee of Ji Lu Yu District was under the leadership of the Central Bureau of Jin Ji Lu Yu. In November of the same year, Comrade Zhang Xi served as secretary of the district Party committee and political commissar of the military region. In June 1946, Chiang Kai Shek started an all-out civil war. Hebei, Shandong and Henan are located between the three main railway lines of pinghan, Longhai and Jinpu. They are the south gate to resist the enemy's northern invasion and the main battlefield of Liu Deng's army. In August 1946, after the victory of the Longhai campaign, the Kuomintang, with 14 divisions and more than 300000 troops, pressed on the South Bank of the Yellow River, which Hebei, Shandong and Henan belonged to. Comrade Liu Bocheng seriously criticized the work of the district Party Committee for being not solid and lacking in war preparation. Comrade Zhang Xi accepted this criticism ideologically, deeply felt that he underestimated the seriousness of the development of the situation, and was responsible for the losses and losses suffered by the cadres and the masses in the withdrawal. He was determined to restore the situation. In the middle of September of the same year, Comrade Zhang Xi proposed and decided after discussion that the district Party committee and the military region should form two sets of leading bodies, one to insert into the enemy occupied areas south of the Yellow River to lead the struggle against the enemy, and the other to stay in the areas north of the Yellow River to grasp the land reform and support the front. At the meeting, Comrade Zhang Xi decisively put forward: "at a critical juncture, the action of cadres is the direction, and leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in inserting themselves into the enemy's rear.". After the meeting, Zhang Xi and other comrades led independent brigades, guerrilla groups formed by the same divisions, and armed labor teams formed by districts and counties, to insert themselves back to the South Bank of the Yellow River in batches. By mobilizing the masses to fight against the landlords, protect the fruits of land reform, suppress the returning corps, control the landlords, block the enemy's ears and eyes and other forms of struggle, they adhered to the rural position and stood firm. During this period, the situation of repeated tug of war between the enemy and US appeared in the South Bank of the Yellow River. After our army of Liu and Deng seized the right fighters and annihilated one of the enemy's units, they withdrew and recuperated. The enemy then pursued our main force everywhere, and the South Bank of the Yellow River was sometimes recovered and sometimes occupied. In order to guide the overall struggle, Comrade Zhang Xi has always been on the front line, engaged in investigation and research, got to know the specific situation from the cadres and the masses at the district and county levels, summed up the typical experience in time, and timely put forward that we should adhere to the guerrilla warfare of self-reliance, strengthen the armed fist, and consolidate the rural positions in a long period of time. We should rely on the field army instead of relying on it. When the army comes, we should cooperate with it in fighting, and when the army is recuperated, we should insist on it independently. To protect the interests of the masses by war, the masses will support the war. Guerrilla warfare is to destroy the enemy and preserve ourselves in guerrilla warfare. Only in this way can we get along

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xi