Liang Shizheng

Liang Shizheng

Liang Shizheng (1697-1763), a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), was named Yangzhong, Xianglin and wenlianzi. Qing Dynasty officials, calligraphers.

He was good at poetry and prose, and formed a "Yueke poetry club" with six people including hang Shijun and Chen Zhaoyu. At the age of 27, he studied in Fuwen academy from Dean Wan (Tai Shi). In 1726, there were three Jinshi (Tanhua) in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), who were appointed to the Imperial Academy to edit and become the editor of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty. Yongzheng 12 years (1734) selected into the study. At the beginning of Qianlong's reign, he walked for the South study and moved to the Ministry of household. It is suggested that the Eight Banners should be garrisoned at the border and stop raising money to supplement the green camp for national use. Qianlong ten years (1745) promoted the Ministry of household secretary. Emperor Shangshu should be thrifty. Qianlong thirteen years (1748), dispatch department secretary. The next year, he was the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, the head of the Imperial Academy, and the assistant grand bachelor. Qianlong 15 years (1750), the transfer of the Ministry of official book. In 1758, the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Ding Fu was the Minister of the Ministry of industry and the Minister of the Ministry of war. In the 25th year of Qianlong's reign (1760), he was still appointed to co organize the bachelor's degree, and also to be the head of the Imperial Academy. In the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), he was granted the bachelor degree of Dongge, xunzu, posthumous Wenzhuang.

Liang Shizheng often went on tours with Emperor Qianlong, and most of the important manuscripts of the imperial court came out of his hands. During his term of office, there was a policy that "the Eight Banners' idle and scattered people Ding should set up the Bian Ge separately for production; because of the camp soldiers, he should stop raising money to reduce the redundant amount"; and there was a political theory that "the emperor should be thrifty, do not build civil engineering, militarize the army, and maintain the profit and protect the Thailand". Liu Gongquan was a beginner in calligraphy, followed by Zhao Mengfu and Yan Zhenqing in his later years. He compiled the authentic calligraphy of sanxitang. Shigongtie is the best running calligraphy of Qing Dynasty. He is the author of yayinji.

Life of the characters

Liang Shizheng, a gifted young man, was able to speak at the age of five. He was given four or five character poems, which were easy to read. He was good at literature, and formed "Yueke poetry club" with hang Shijun, Chen Zhao and other six people. At the age of 27, he studied in Fuwen academy from Dean Wan Jing. Yongzheng eight years (1730) in the exploration of flowers, granted the Academy editor. Two years later, Liang Shizheng became the chief examiner of Shandong provincial examination. Yongzheng 11 years (1733), he was the same examiner. In the second year, he became a master of the study, taught the prince, walked in the study, and talked about daily life. Soon he was in charge of reading. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Liang Shizheng was a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy. At the end of the year, Ding Mu was worried. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Emperor Qianlong asked Liang Shi to study in Beijing and walk in the South study. In 1738, Emperor Qianlong gave Liang Shi a residence in Beijing. He was appointed as the official examiner of the military examination in Shuntian County, as well as a Bachelor of cabinet and a lecturer of Jingyan. In 1739, Liang Shizheng successively served as the right servant of the Ministry of punishment and the Ministry of household. The next year, he was promoted to Zuo Shilang. In 1741, Liang Shizheng was promoted to vice president of Huangqing Wenying library and Minister of the Ministry of accounts. Liang Shizheng said: "although the emperor tried his best to consider the livelihood of the flag people, they were still poor. The reason is that the number of bannermen is increasing with each passing day, and if they can't support themselves, it's impossible to rely on officials to support them. Therefore, it's no good not to cultivate the land. On the one hand, the idle and scattered people should be properly placed in the surrounding areas, so that they can earn a living by themselves, such as 500 Li in Beijing and garrison areas in various provinces. On the other hand, there was no idle land in the mainland. There was a proposal that the banner people should be stationed in ningguta and other places in Heilongjiang Province to cultivate, but it was not implemented. Now it can be maintained. If it is not implemented as soon as possible, the household registration will reach ten times in a few years. If you want to rely on a few dollars and grains, it will not be enough for the ever-increasing food and rates. We want to increase the taxes of the common people, and the country also has financial needs, so there is no extra money to support so many idle people who eat free food. There is no room in the capital. It seems that the only way to enjoy the convenience of farming and animal husbandry is to scatter the registered permanent residence. In addition, green Battalion soldiers can stop recruiting and reduce redundancy. At present, there are thousands or hundreds of people in various battalions and towns. Not only do they have a large number of people, but they also use more places every year. Hundreds of millions of silver are used for military salaries. In the first year of Yongzheng Dynasty, this kind of malady was thoroughly eliminated. In recent years, it has been added in many cases, with a great difference. Now it is time to decide the quantity, remove the vacancy and stop the recruitment. " Emperor Qianlong greatly appreciated and adopted his opinions. In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), Liang Shizheng wrote poems to the emperor as a servant. In the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), Liang Shizheng was promoted to minister of the Ministry of household. He wrote: "every year, there are only more than two million liang of taxes and rents in the world, so we should be thrifty. Be careful not to use civil engineering or martial arts to maintain the surplus and ensure the stability of the country and the people. " In 1747, Liang Shizheng was the president of the general examination of continued literature. The next year (1748), he served as Minister of the military department. In 1749, Liang Shizheng was promoted to the rank of Prince Shaoshi, Minister of the Ministry of punishment, master of the Imperial Academy, and assistant bachelor. In 1750, he served as a minister of the Ministry of officials and a good teacher. The censor, Ou Kan Shan, impeached Liang Shizheng for favoritism, saying that he was favoritism to teachers and students, and that he was covering up his fellow countrymen. It also involves his improper introduction of two Beijing inspectors. Emperor Qianlong thought that this kind of small favoritism was not only Liang Shizheng, but also the Minister of the imperial court. Liang Shi is being impeached, has been cited as vigilant, it can be. In the same year, Emperor Qianlong interrogated Zhu Quan, a scholar in Sichuan Province. Because Liang Shizheng's reply was not clear, he was dismissed and remained in office. In 1752, because his father was old, Liang Shizheng begged to return to Hangzhou to support his father and stay with him. When he returned home, he devoted himself to his studies. In 1757, Emperor Qianlong was on a tour to the south, and Liang Shi was welcoming Shengjia, who was allowed to eat at home. The next year (1758), his father died, Ding you in the home. Soon after, he acted as Minister of the Ministry of industry and the Ministry of war. In 1759, Liang Shizheng served as the examiner of Shuntian township. Master of Hanlin Academy. In the 28th year of Qianlong's reign (1763), he was a Bachelor of Dongge and a minister of the Ministry of official affairs. He was also a crown prince and a Taifu. At that time, he wrote all the great articles of the imperial court, which were written by him. He was the president of the national history, Wenying and xuwentongkao, and most of the relevant articles were determined by him. Emperor Qianlong once again gave him an apartment near the palace. At the end of the year, Liang Shizheng died at the age of 67. Emperor Qianlong personally ordered the prince to hold a memorial ceremony and rewarded him with a thousand taels of silver. As a gift to the Taibao, he entered the Xianliang temple. He was given the title of Wenzhuang. In 1764, Liang Shizheng's coffin returned to Li. Emperor Qianlong issued an edict that civil and military officials along the way should personally go to the south of the Yangtze River within 20 Li and send people to escort them until they arrived safely. Qianlong 32 years (1767), buried in Zhejiang Xiangshan. In 1780, many years after the death of Liang Shizheng, the emperor still remembered Liang Shizheng. When the imperial poetry was nostalgic, Liang Shizheng was regarded as the head of "five CI ministers". Later, Liang Tongshu, the eldest son of Liang Shizheng, was awarded the title of Jinshi in the Imperial Academy; Liang Dunshu, the second son, was given the title of right servant of the Ministry of war.

Anecdotes of characters

It is said that Liang Shizheng had a wise eye for Hou Jiafan. Hou Jiafan, a native of Taizhou (now Linhai County, Zhejiang Province), was talented and learned. When he was 50 years old, he was a tributary and a county official. Once, escorting the military pay to the Department of accounts, the person in charge of the Treasury deliberately blackmailed him and did not give him a receipt immediately. Hou Jiafan didn't know what to do for a while, but Liang Shizheng, the Assistant Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, saw his name and said, "Yimen is also." Liang Shizheng means that Hou Jiafan was just like Hou Ying, the governor of Daliang Yimen in the state of Guo. After that, he looked at the other officials and said, "the sacrificial rites of the Shang Shu are not written. Why don't you let Hou Jiafan have a try? "Hou Jiafan went to the back hall of Hubu, picked up his pen, spread out the paper, and soon wrote a solemn and beautiful parallel sacrificial essay. At this time, someone asked him to write another article for Zhusi Cao. Hou Jiafan didn't refuse. He wrote another four character verse. The people in and out of the hall applauded. The person in charge of the warehouse, seeing this, has already taken a receipt and is waiting for Hou Jiafan outside the door, ready to give him the approval. The next day, Hou Jiafan left for home. Dai Lu, a man of the Qing Dynasty, wrote about this incident: "today, there are many people who are involved in the payment. If they have the talent of a foreign family, they can pay. However, Lai Wenzhuang (the posthumous title of Liang Shizheng) knows his ears."

Character achievement

Liang Shizheng's articles are close to Nanfeng (Zeng Gong), and his poems are very beautiful. He is also good at calligraphy. Wu Xiu of the Qing Dynasty called it "the book of formal work of poetry" in his biography of Zhao Dynasty's bamboo slips Li Yuandu of the Qing Dynasty wrote about Liang Shizheng's calligraphy in his book "a brief introduction to the first official affairs of the state Dynasty": "Gong Shu first learned from Liu Chenggong (Liu Gongquan), followed by Shen Wen (Zhengming), Zhao (Mengfu), and later learned from Yan (Zhenqing) and Li (Beihai)" Wang Chang of the Qing Dynasty commented on Liang Shizheng's calligraphy in his collection of Chunrong Tang: "as the saying goes, he should go to the upper study to write big characters for Gao Zong, which is suitable for the emperor Xianhuang to drive, and all his ministers should wait. The emperor Xianhuang ordered him to write, ink on his sleeve, and then ordered Gao Zong to drag them." It is also said that Liang Shizheng and Zhang Zhao once jointly wrote the Chenghai tower couplet for Emperor Qianlong. The book of songs praises Liang Shizheng's Yingzhi poems as "elegant and graceful, natural and harmonious, and the combination of emotion and literature.". That's all the experts said "Gong (Liang Shizheng) won with stability and contentment. "Every one is good at his own work." Liang Shizheng wrote official books for a long time. In the 15th year of Qianlong's reign, he majored in ten volumes of the collection of Ye Yun. In the 16th year of Qianlong's reign, he majored in 40 volumes of Xiqing Gujian and 16 volumes of Qianlu. The follow-up two volumes of Xiqing Xujian, 20 volumes each. In the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was ordered to compile fifteen volumes of Xihu Zhizuan, and also participated in the compilation of Shiqu Baoji and the secret palace Zhulin. In addition, Liang Shizheng and Qianlong

Chinese PinYin : Liang Shi Zheng