Zhang Fangping

Zhang Fangping

Zhang Fangping (1007-1091) was born in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the first year of Jingyou (1034), he was a magistrate of Kunshan county (now Jiangsu Province). In addition, he moved to muzhou (now Jiande East, Zhejiang Province) to mediate. He has successively served as Zhijianyuan, zhizhigao, zhikaifengfu, Hanlin bachelor, yushizhongcheng, Chuzhou (now Anhui), Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), Hangzhou (now Zhejiang), Yizhou (now Chengdu, Sichuan), etc. In the Shenzong Dynasty, the officials paid homage to the government (Vice Prime Minister), opposed the appointment of Wang Anshi and the new law of Wang Anshi. He died in 1091. Su Shi was very sad. As a gift to Sikong, his posthumous title is wending.

There are forty volumes of complete works of music.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhang Fangping was born in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was young, he was extremely intelligent. His family was poor, and he could not afford to buy books. So he borrowed books from others for three times, returned them in ten days, and said, "I have finished reading them." Song Shou and Cai Qi thought that he was a genius in the world. He was admitted to maocai and other places, and he was appointed as a school scholar and knew Kunshan county. In addition, he was selected and promoted to the title of author and judge muzhou. Xixia Zhao Yuanhao prepared to rebel and wrote an arrogant letter to urge song to break up with him, so as to take the opportunity to provoke Xixia people to support him. Zhang Fangping suggested: "for the time being, there is no reason for Yuanhao to revolt openly. He has to wait for more than a year to select his soldiers, work hard and build the city to form an invincible situation. Although Yuan Hao was bound to rebel in the end, it was difficult for officials and soldiers to fight against us. If a small country can't tell whether it will win or lose after three years of military service, it will be defeated by itself. If we take the opportunity to attack again, this is the only way to win. " At that time, when the imperial court was in its heyday, everyone thought that Zhang Fangping's proposal was too weak and was to appease the traitors. So the imperial court decided to send troops to attack. Zhang Fangping also presented the ten strategies of Pingrong, saying: "if Xixia wanted to invade, it must come from Yan and Wei, and the nest must be empty. Our troops should be stationed in Hedong and March straight ahead with light weight. This is the way to attack and save the enemy and keep him in a passive position. " The Prime Minister Lu Yi Jian agreed with this strategy but did not adopt it. When the emperor called the imperial examination hall, he said to him, "aren't you the one who won the imperial examination twice? Why test again? " He was ordered to be appointed to the Jixian academy, and soon he knew the remonstrance Academy.

Suggestions and suggestions

When Xixia invaded the border, Zhang Fangping was the first to request that the affairs of the Privy Council should be merged into the central Secretary province for joint planning. The emperor thought it was right, so he let the prime minister concurrently serve as the Privy envoy. At that time, the government recruited archers from all over the country and selected their brave and healthy men to form Xuanyi and Baojie armies. Zhang Fangping repeatedly wrote against it, but it was not adopted. As a result, the two armies were arrogant and arrogant, and the troops of more than 200000 people could not fight like the common people, just as Zhang Fangping speculated. Xia song was in charge of Shaanxi and led all the generals. The generals of the fourth route delayed the fight because of their requests for instructions and reports. In addition, the emperor ordered them to enter the army, but they did not move forward. As a result, Fengzhou fell and Liu Ping Ping was defeated. All the coaches were condemned, and Xia song was like nobody. Zhang Fangping impeached him immediately, removed him from office and gave the fourth route general autonomy. The armies in the northwest had no rest for a long time, and the Xixia army was also exhausted. Zhang Fangping said, "the emperor is the parents of all the people in the world. How can he care about gains and losses with animals? I hope that the emperor can take advantage of the opportunity of holding the suburban sacrifice to grant amnesty to all the sinners in the world, review his mistakes, win the people's trust, and give the Xixia people a way to repent and reform. " The emperor said happily: "this is exactly what I hope." In this year, the conditions for pardoning the border bandits during the Qingli period were changed, so that the border officers and soldiers could tell the emperor's good intentions to the other side, and Wang Yuanhao of Xixia finally surrendered.

Mission to Khitan

Then Zhang Fangping was sent to Khitan as an envoy to repair the daily life. King Khitan said to the left and right: "how nice it is to have such a good minister!" He rode with him for hunting and drinking, and gave his horse to Zhang Fangping. After coming back, Ren Zhi made a patent, acting as Kaifeng magistrate. There are many trivial matters in the government. All of his predecessors use a Book board to record them. However, Zhang Fangping relies on memorizing them without any mistakes. Promoted to Hanlin bachelor. After Yuan Hao's surrender, he came to ask song to break up with Khitan because of his discord with Khitan. The ministers thought it was no good. Zhang Fangping said: "for the sake of the little Qiang people who have just been attached, it is not worthwhile to lose the strong enemy who has been living in peace for a long time. We should tell Yuan Hao to be careful. If we eliminate the antagonism with Khitan in the morning, our canonization will arrive in the evening. In this way, both the West and the north will benefit. " People at that time agreed with this view. He was also promoted to Zhongcheng, the censor, and was appointed as the third secretary. At the beginning, Wang Gongchen proposed that Hebei salt should be monopolized by the government. When Zhang Fangping knew this, he said, "why should Hebei salt industry be managed in a unified way?" The emperor said, "it's just decided by legislation." Zhang Fangping said: "in the past, Emperor Shizong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty included the salt tax into other taxes. Now, the salt tax in the two tax laws is the salt tax. Isn't that double taxation? " When the emperor woke up, Zhang Fangping asked the emperor to write a letter to stop collecting the tax. Heshuo's parents and villagers met him in Danzhou and held a seven day Buddhist meeting to thank the emperor for his kindness. For details, please refer to shihuozhi. He was promoted to Duanming palace bachelor and sentenced to Taichang temple.

Implicate in demotion

The palace guards failed to mutiny at night. The next morning, the emperor ordered the second government to reward Princess Zhang for protecting the emperor. Xia song suggested: "we should study how to reward the emperor specially." After hearing this, Zhang Fangping said to Chen Zhizhong, "Feng Jieyu, the concubine of the Han Dynasty, personally resisted the fierce beast. I didn't hear of any special reward. Besides, there are queens and concubines, which is not true in ancient times. If you really want to give a special reward to your concubine, the criticism from your servants will focus on you that day. " Chen Zhizhong was afraid and gave up. When the emperor asked his subordinates for a plan to increase income and reduce expenditure, Zhang Fangping put forward his opinions with them, and then wrote several thousand words separately to the effect that: "since the reign of Xiangfu, the legal system has been relaxed, and gradually deviated from the traditions of our ancestors. The rules of the imperial examination, appointment of a son, assessment of becoming a full-time official, promotion and supplement were broken. The appointment of generals and training of soldiers were not the original rules. The embarrassment of the central government's financial expenditure will inevitably lead to many branches of government; the big businessmen and nobles will take advantage of the loopholes to obtain huge profits, and the law of monopolizing tea, salt and fragrance will also be broken. This is the key to the rise and fall of the country, and we must take it seriously. " The emperor was very happy when he read his opinion. He was about to reuse him when he met judge Yang Yi who committed a crime. Fang Ping was demoted to be the magistrate of Chuzhou because he had contacts with him. Soon I knew Jiangning mansion, and I was judged to be liuneiquan. Zhang Fangping knew Huazhou as a lecturer and moved to Yizhou. Before he took office, there was a rumor that Nong Zhigao would invade Yizhou in Nanzhao. The acting magistrate of Yizhou hastily dispatched troops to build the city day and night, which greatly disturbed the people. When the imperial court heard of this rumor, it also mobilized infantry troops from Shaanxi to Shu. Zhang Fangping was ordered to take office as soon as possible and allowed to act according to circumstances. "It must be a rumor," Zhang said On the way to Yizhou encountered soldiers, he was repatriated, other servitude also stopped. At the Lantern Festival of the Shang Yuan Dynasty, the gate of the city was not closed for three nights. The man who captured the rumor that Nong Zhigao, the translation official of qiongbu Chuan, had committed the crime of soldiers, decapitated him at the border and exiled the remaining party. Only then did the Shu people settle down.

Regaining recognition

Zhang Fangping was recalled to serve as the third secretary. When there was a war on the western border, the two Shu areas were the rear areas. Zhang Fangping also suggested: "the country takes Chenliu area as the center, and is in the pivotal position of extending in all directions. Unlike Yong and Luo, where there are mountains and rivers and dangerous terrain, it can only rely on powerful force. Soldiers have to eat, food depends on water transport, water transport mainly to the Bian River, the Bian river connects the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River, direct to the South China Sea. Before the year of Tiansheng, people were mobilized to dredge every year, so the water flow was smooth. After that, the shallow people scrambled to ask for the reduction of the service fee in order to win the favor of the masses, and the Bianhe river became increasingly blocked. Now the river is in the sky, we must look up. This is to gain the advantage of size and lose the advantage of hills. " So he offered fourteen strategies. When Fu Bi read his memorials, he missed the time even more. He was also tireless, and the emperor also called it good. Fu Bi said, "it's a matter of life and death for the country. It's not an ordinary Memorial." All his opinions were adopted. Later, Zhang Fangping was promoted to Zuo Cheng, the Minister of state, and Nanjing. Soon, he took command of Qinzhou as Minister of the Ministry of industry. Spies report that Xixia will invade in the future. Zhang Fangping selects his troops and claims to go out of the pass to discuss Xixia. In the end, the Xia people didn't come to invade. Some people thought that he acted rashly. Zeng Gongliang said: "our army didn't cross the border. How can we say that he acted rashly? It is because we know that we are on guard. If Zhang Fangping is punished, the ministers guarding the border will not dare to make preparations before the enemy invades. " Zhang Fangping felt that he was in a bad situation and asked to be transferred to Nanjing magistrate. When song Yingzong ascended the throne, Zhang Fangping was promoted to minister of rites, and was changed to magistrate of Yunzhou upon request. After returning to Beijing, he served as a bachelor. The emperor was ill and summoned to him in Funing hall. Yingzong fell on the table and talked in a vague voice. Zhang Fangping handed over his pen, and the emperor wrote, "tomorrow we will officially order the crown prince." Fang Ping cried out: "King Ying must be made Prince. He is the eldest son and wise. Please write down his name Yingzong painstakingly wrote it down, so Fang Ping retired and went back to draft the imperial edict. Shen Zong of Song Dynasty summoned Zhang Fangping after he ascended the throne and asked him to estimate the burial expenses of song Yingzong. Song Shenzong said, "can filial piety save money?" Zhang Fangping replied: "since Yingzong had arrangements, it was filial piety to satisfy his last wish to be thrifty." He also asked to reduce various rewards in proportion, and implemented the standard of Qianxing period, which saved seven or eight tenths of the cost. Zhang Fangping, song Shen

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