Hong Mai

Hong Mai

Hongmai (1123-1202) was born in Poyang, Raozhou (now Poyang County, Jiangxi Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was named Jinglu, Rongzhai and Yechu. Hong Hao's third son. He was a Bachelor of Hanlin academy, a senior official, a Bachelor of Duanming palace, and a founder of Wei county and a doctor of Guanglu.

He died 80 years ago and was posthumously named Wenmin. With the Zhang family, the Ministry of war minister Zhang Yuandao female, after the match Chen family, were granted and the country's wife. He is a famous litterateur in Southern Song Dynasty. His main works are Rong Zhai essays and Yi Jian Zhi.

Personal resume

family background

Hong Mai was born into a scholar official family. His father Hong Hao, his brothers Hong Shi and Hong Zun were all famous scholars and officials, from Hong Shiguan to prime minister. Hong zunguan presented it to the prime minister.

Hong Mai's father, Hong Hao's envoy to Jin, was detained by Jin people. Hong Mai was only seven years old when he was studying with his brother Shi and Zun. He is talented and intelligent. "He is very erudite and has a lot of books. Although he was an official of Yu Chu, he was a Buddhist and did not dabble in it." When he was ten years old, he stayed away from chaos with his brother and tried to travel between Xiu (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province) and Rao Er Zhou. In Baidu, Quzhou (today's Quxian County, Zhejiang Province), there are two quatrains on the wall. One chants "oily clothes", which says: "a little bit of oily white clothes makes people suspicious. Even if you wash all the rivers, it's like when you didn't pollute them. " After reading, love and know. It can be seen that since his youth, he has a noble character and is different from common customs.

Growth experience

Shaoxing 15 years (1145), hongmaizhong Jinshi, granted two Zhejiang transport department to do business. Because of Qin Hui's exclusion, he became a professor in Fuzhou. At that time, Hong Hao had returned from Jin and was leaving zhiraozhou. Hong Mai did not go to Fuzhou to serve his parents in Raozhou until 1149, the 19th year of Shaoxing. After his father was buried in 1159, he was summoned to be the Secretary of the provincial government, the editor of the National Museum of history, and the official of the Ministry. Thirty one years later, the Privy Council was granted the right to examine the detailed characters of the rooms.

In the spring of the 32nd year, Wanyan Yong, the emperor Shizong of the Jin Dynasty, sent envoys to discuss peace, and Hong Mai, the successor envoys, insisted that "the material benefits of Tujiang should not be matched.". The imperial court wanted to send envoys to Jin to apply for employment, but he asked with emotion. So in the name of Hanlin, he congratulated the king on his accession to the throne. In Yanjing, the state of Jin, the people of Jin had to accompany their officials. At the beginning of the day, you can't hold it. Even if you don't give food to the embassy, you can see it in three days. Governor jindadu proposed to detain Mai, because Zhang Hao, Prime Minister Zuo, thought it was impossible, so he sent him back.

After returning to the imperial court, Zhang Zhen, the imperial censor in the palace, impeached Mai, who "insulted Jin's life", and let it go. In the second year of Qiandao (1166), he learned about Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi), and later changed to Ganzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi). When he arrived at his post, he attached great importance to education, built academic libraries, built floating bridges, and made it convenient for the people. Later, he moved to Jianning prefecture (now Jian'ou, Fujian). Chunxi eleven years (1184) know Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). In Daxing water conservancy in Wuzhou, 837 public and private ponds and lakes were built. After emperor Xiaozong called on the enemy, Mai proposed to build a city in the important place of Anti Japanese Phnom Penh in huaidong, strictly garrison troops, set up tour piles, and Guard soldiers. He should also supplement the water army and strengthen the defense. He was praised by Emperor Xiaozong, and promoted the concept of you God and served as a minister. He also practiced the history of the country. After entering the Museum of history, he revised the records of the four dynasties, and then entered the Fuwen Pavilion and the Zhishi academy, which won the trust of Xiaozong. Chunxi thirteen years (1186) Bai Hanlin bachelor. Guangzong Shaoxi first year Huanzhang Ge bachelor, know Shaoxing house. Two years ago, Zhang died and became a Bachelor of LongTuge. In the second year of Jiatai (1202), he became an official as a scholar of Duanming palace. He was given the title of Wenmin as a gift to doctor Guanglu.

Hong Mai, whose name is Jing Lu, is Hong Hao's youngest son. When I was a child, I read thousands of words every day, once I read it, I would never forget it. I read a lot of books, even novels and unofficial history. In the examination of Shaoxing in the 15th year, he was granted the official post of the transportation department of Zhejiang and Zhejiang provinces, and was appointed as the official deleted by imperial decree. Hong Hao offends Qin Hui and is placed in an idle position. Qin Hui resents him very much. Wang Bo, the censor, decides that Hong Mai knows about his father's restless plot, so he is demoted to Professor tianchai.

In the sixth year of Qiandao's reign, Ganzhou was granted the official post of magistrate of Ganzhou. The academy and floating bridge were built, so that scholars and people could live and work in peace and contentment. The county soldiers are always arrogant, and if they don't like it, they will be violent. Every year, the county sends thousands of people to guard Jiujiang. This year, some people are afraid that they will be left behind and will not come back, so they rebel. People warn each other with rumors, and the people are very afraid. Hong Mai was not moved. He only sent a school official to persuade them to return to the camp. Everyone listened to the advice. He came in with an empty quiver bag, slowly interrogated Shi Wuchang and two people, took the tools of torture, escorted Xunyang, and beheaded them in the city. During the reign of Xinmao, there was a famine. Ganzhou was in the middle of maturity. Hong Mai took out grain to help the neighboring counties. When a member of his staff advised him to stop him, Hong Mai said with a smile, "the poor and the rich in Qin and Yue are different. Is it the reason to be a minister?" soon he was appointed the magistrate of Jianning Prefecture. There was a rich man who escaped from prison with a knife because of a small murder. He refused to be arrested for a long time. Hong Mai punished him and exiled him outside the ridge after the execution of Tsing.

In the 11th year of Chunxi reign, he served as the governor of Wuzhou. The army of Wuzhou didn't pay attention to military discipline. In spring, they gave out clothes and wanted to exchange money for silk. The officials didn't allow them, so they called together and gathered recklessly to the general's headquarters. The general was terrified and tolerant, and wanted to meet their demands. After Hong Mai came, they repeated the previous story and even posted malicious slanders on the city gate. Hong Mai used a plot to arrest 48 people and bring them to justice. His accomplices instigated each other and rushed into the crowded sedan chair. Hong Mai said, "they are criminals. Why do you want to participate? They were afraid to step forward and disperse. Hong Mai killed two people who took the lead in doing evil and beheaded them in the market. The rest of them were punished with tsinging and whipping. No one dared to make trouble without reason. When the emperor heard about it, the emperor said to Fu Ju, "I didn't expect the scholar to be flexible in dealing with things." he was promoted to Fu Wen Ge.

Shaoxi changed his name to a new year, and he was a Bachelor of huanzhangge and a magistrate of Shaoxing. When he went to the imperial court, he wrote that the new deal should be based on ten gradual changes. The emperor said, "the people in eastern Zhejiang are troubled by Heshi. Go and correct this for me. "Hong Mai bowed twice and said," he vowed to do his best. "When Hong Mai went to the county, he checked and found out that he had cheated more than 48300 households. The amount of silk he had collected was roughly the same. In the second year, he wrote to the elder twice and became a Bachelor of LongTuge. Soon he resigned as a scholar of Duanming palace.

personal works

Hong Mai is knowledgeable and has written a lot of books, including his anthology yechulei manuscript, the novel yijianzhi, the ten thousand quatrains of Tang Dynasty, and the notes Rongzhai essays.

As a diligent and erudite scholar, Hong Mai dabbled in a lot of books and formed the habit of taking notes. When I was reading, I wrote down every experience with my hand. I collected the achievements of more than 40 years and formed five volumes of Rongzhai essays, including 74 volumes.

Miscellaneous Notes from the Tolerant Studio

Rongzhai essays consists of five essays, 74 volumes and 1220 pieces. Among them, there are 16 volumes and 329 pieces of Rongzhai essays, 16 volumes and 249 pieces of Rongzhai continuation essays, 16 volumes and 248 pieces of Rongzhai three essays, 16 volumes and 259 pieces of Rongzhai four essays, 10 volumes and 135 pieces of Rongzhai five essays. According to the author Hong Mai of Song Dynasty, Rong Zhai essays has been written for more than 40 years. It is the crystallization of his wisdom and perspiration.

Rongzhai essay is the general name of the book, which is divided into essay, continuation, three, four and five. It took 18 years to write essays, 13 years to write sequels, five years to write three essays, and less than one year to write four essays. Hong Mai did not say how many years he had written five essays, because he had not finished 16 volumes according to the original plan, but only wrote 10 volumes and then died. When he wrote the preface to Si Bi, it was September 1197, the third year of Qing Yuan in ningzong of Song Dynasty. Then, the five years from then to his death in 1202 should be the time when he wrote Wu Bi.

It should be said that it is rare to write a great work in more than 40 years. The reason why it lasted for a long time is mainly determined by the nature of note taking style. Obviously, it takes a lot of time to read thousands of books.

Work evaluation

Rongzhai essays is a note about history, literature, philosophy, art and so on. It focuses on textual research, discussion and notes. There are not only the laws and regulations of the Song Dynasty, but also some historical facts, political events and Literary Anecdotes in the past three generations. With the characteristics of rich materials, elegant style, wonderful discussion and accurate textual research, it excels many similar works, and is ranked as the top of the note novels in the Southern Song Dynasty by the summary of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu!

Reading this book is like walking through a forest of books, swimming in a sea of literature, overlooking the historical arena, and inspecting the political circles. Yao Han, the governor and censor of Henan in the Ming Dynasty, commented on this book on October 16, 1498

"This book can persuade people to do good, can avoid evil, can make people happy, can make people astonished, can broaden knowledge, can clarify the fallacy, can eliminate doubt, clear reason, is very helpful for secular education. "

Rong Zhai's essays is a valuable notebook that Mao Zedong liked to read in his life. From a lot of information, it is true. On July 28, 1944, Mao Zedong wrote to Xie Juezai, saying, "Rong Zhai's essays will be sent in another letter." He cherished the book so much that he influenced important cadres. Xie Juezai's diary on July 31 recorded his reading and application of Rongzhai essays. Since then, there have been reading and application records on September 20, 29 and 30, October 1 and 4. It can be seen that Rongzhai essays is an important reference for enlightening thinking.

On October 30, 1959, Mao Zedong went out to Beijing for inspection. Among the limited books he was asked to bring, there was Rong Zhai essays

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