Zhang Zhihe
Zhang Zhihe
Zhang Zhihe (732-774) was originally named Guiling and xuanzhenzi. His ancestral home was Jinhua, Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). His ancestors abandoned his official position and lived in shishanwu, Chishan Town, Yixian County (now Qimen Town, Qimen County) in seclusion because they couldn't bear to sit and watch the people's troubles. Tang Dynasty poet.
Zhang Zhihe was able to read at the age of three, to write articles at the age of six, to read the classics at the age of sixteen, and to serve successively as Hanlin Daizhao, zuojinwuwei's military recorder, and Nanpu County captain. Later, he felt the turmoil of official life and the impermanence of life. When his mother and wife died one after another, he abandoned his official and family and wandered in the rivers and lakes. Suzong of Tang Dynasty once gave him a slave and a maidservant, which were called "Yutong" and "QIAOQING". So Zhang Zhihe and his maidservant lived in seclusion in the area of dongxitiao River and Peixi River in Taihu Lake Basin, where they were happy with fishing and firewood.
In 774, at the invitation of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Huzhou, Zhang Zhihe went to Huzhou to meet Yan Zhenqing. In December of the same year, he and Yan Zhenqing, who were traveling to pingwangyi, accidentally fell into the water and died in pingwangying lake.
His works include twelve volumes of xuanzhenzi, thirty thousand words, fifteen volumes of Dayi, five fisherman's poems and seven poems.
Life of the characters
Becoming famous as a teenager
On the first day of the first month of the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), Zhang Zhihe was born in the capital Chang'an Xingguan. Before he was pregnant, his mother dreamt that there was an immortal offering a turtle to swallow him, so she named him Guiling.
Zhang Zhihe was a smart boy. He could read books at the age of three and write articles at the age of six. In the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739), Zhang Zhihe followed his father to play in the Imperial Academy. The song scholar of the Imperial Academy took the Jinlin anthology drama as an example, and Zhang Zhihe read it through and passed it on as a good story. After hearing this, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave a test in person, and Zhang Zhihe gave a good answer. He was very surprised and gave the Imperial Academy excellent support.
Tianbao registered residence proficiency in a particular line of six years (747 years), 16 years old, Zhang Zhi and Li Hengshang.
rapidly go up in the world
In the tenth year of Tianbao (751), in the year of Zhang Zhihe's weak crown, Prince Li Heng gave his royal name to Zhang Zhihe and his relatives, and changed it to Zhihe. Because of his intelligence and ability, he was promoted to a higher position. He gave Zuo jinwuwei the right to record and take part in military affairs. He stayed in the Hanlin for use. He worshipped the eastern palace and enjoyed the treatment of eight grades (I). He was in charge of the affairs of the Cao, the five prefectures and the other prefectures.
In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), when Zhang Zhihe enzhun went home to visit his relatives, he helped the local officials to get rid of the traitors and thieves, and made remarkable achievements, known as "ShenZhang".
In the 12th year of Tianbao (753), Zhang Zhihe was promoted to Hangzhou to be the governor of Hangzhou.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), an Lushan fought against the Tang Dynasty and fell into Luoyang. Zhang Zhihe followed Prince Li Heng to fight in Lingwu and removed Shuofang's envoy.
From the 15th year of Tianbao to the first year of de (756), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu, and Prince Li Heng was located in Lingwu, which was suzong. Zhang Zhihe and his uncle Li mi often gave advice to suzong, recruited Huihe soldiers, planned to "ban four generals in three places", defeated Anlu mountain on the river, and achieved the strategic victory of pacifying the Anshi rebellion. Zhang Zhihe was promoted to be the general of Zuojin Wuwei, enjoying the three grade treatment.
Pestilence Lake
In the second year of Zhide (757), Zhang Zhihe was promoted from a foreign official to an internal official. He returned to Xijing and was granted the title of doctor jinziguanglu (official department). He was still entitled to three kinds of treatment. However, in order to recover the capital and control the internal and external situation, suzong agreed to the harsh conditions of Huihe. Zhang Zhihe strongly advised suzong to accept the current affairs. Therefore, Zhang Zhihe "demoted Nanpu Wei by sitting down.". In the same year, Zhang Zhi and his father Zhang you died.
In the first year of Qianyuan in the third year of Zhide (758), Zhang Zhihe broke away from officialdom on the ground of "bereavement".
Although Zhang Zhihe was demoted to Nanpu Wei, in order to build up his confidants, win over talents, and Zhang Zhihe's mother's new funeral, suzong pardoned Zhang Zhihe, and gave him a slave and a maidservant. At the same time, suzong also gave Zhang Zhihe and his mother as Mrs. Qin guoxiande, four sections of confession and two thousand four hundred taels of silver. He wanted Zhang Zhihe's three years of filial piety to end Later, he returned to the imperial court for service, and temporarily returned to his original place for use. After returning to his hometown, Zhang Zhihe buried his mother in Runtian, five miles west of Chishan Town, Qimen. He personally took charge of the earth, chongkuang, and built a house beside the tomb. He planted cypresses to form a forest. He worshipped and cried day and night to fulfill his filial piety.
In the second year of Shangyuan Dynasty (761), the third anniversary of Zhang Zhihe's filial piety in Runtian of Qimen expired, and his wife Cheng died again, so he had no intention of returning to office. In order to escape the visit of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty, he only took fishing boy and QIAOQING, bid farewell to his relatives and friends, and visited Huangshan, Jixi and other places. Then he went back to the Wu and Chu mountains, and finally came to Yuyin, a fisherman in the west of Huzhou City. Here, I wrote down the famous phrase "egrets fly in front of Xisai mountain, mandarin fish are fat in peach blossom water".
In the first year of Baoying (762), Zhang Zhihe lived in the second year of fishing in Xisaishan, Huzhou. He met Lu Yu, a tea sage who lived in seclusion in Tiaoxi, and Jiao ran, a poet monk who lived in seclusion in Zhushan, adjacent to Xisai mountain, and began to write xuanzhenzi.
In the second year of Guangde (764), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Huzhou for the fourth year.
In the first year of Yongtai in the third year of Guangde (765), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Huzhou for the fifth year. Great changes have taken place in his family. His ancestral gene, Chishan Town, was transformed into a county government, which was occupied by the imperial court and used to be a county government. The new death of Mrs. Li in his family, together with his previous demotion, made his will more passive and weak, and made his outlook on life and world change greatly. Zhang Zhi and his brother, Zhang Songling, were afraid that Zhi he would not return. They built a Maozhai in Shanyin County, East County of Kuaiji, and wrote a "Fisherman's Ci" to persuade Zhang Zhi he to go home. Zhang Zhihe began to live in seclusion on the land in Dongguo, Kuaiji.
In the second year of Dali (767), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Dongguo, Kuaiji for the third year. He began to write fifteen volumes of Dayi and wrote tailiaoge.
In the fourth year of Dali (769), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Kuaiji for the fifth year. After three years of hard work, we finally finished the work of writing 15 volumes of Dayi in Kuaiji, which consists of 15 volumes and 365 hexagrams.
Drowning
In the winter and December of the ninth year of Dali (774), Zhang Zhihe died of drunkenness and drowning at the age of 42.
Main achievements
poetry
Zhang Zhihe is one of the earliest poets who wrote Ci and had great influence in Tang Dynasty. His "Fisherman's Ci" originated from the fisherman's songs in Wu's songs. His five "Fisherman's Ci", especially the first one, are completely consistent with the artistic conception, and then set off with beautiful natural landscape. It has a high artistic charm, so it is widely recited. In the late Tang Dynasty, 36 of shidecheng's 39 "Fisherman's pobianzi" all follow Zhang Zhi and "Fisherman". Lu Dongbin, one of the eight immortals, also has 18 poems in Yufu, whose sentence patterns and rhythms are all in accordance with Zhang Zhi and Yufu, and are directly used in Taoist terminology. After that, he Ning, ou yangjiong, Li Li and Li Yu wrote the fisherman, whose contents are similar. Both of them are influenced by Zhang Zhi and the word "Fisherman". It can be seen that it has a great influence on later generations.
It was only seven years since Zhang Zhihe's Fisherman's Ci was published that it spread to Japan. Emperor cuo'e read it and praised it. He personally held a banquet and wrote poems at the Hemao shrine. Together with Zhang Ji's Night Mooring at Maple Bridge, it was included in Japanese textbooks.
Zhang Zhihe's "Fisherman's Ci" not only influenced the history of Chinese ci writing and the style and tune of later Ci writers, but also influenced the local operas in Wuyue area more or less. At the same time, it had a greater influence on overseas Chinese poets, which directly opened the precedent of Japanese ci writing history.
Daoism
Zhang Zhihe compiled his cultivation experience into a twelve volume and thirty thousand words xuanzhenzi. Xuanzhenzi imitates Zhuangzi and Liezi, and discusses the nature of heaven and earth, the existence, the circle, the size and other philosophical issues with hypothetical fables. It is the in-depth and supplement of Daodejing, or a specific interpretation of Daodejing. Its main purpose is to explain the Taoist theory of nothingness and mystery on the basis of absorbing the metaphysical thought of Taoism in Tang Dynasty, such as "XuanZhen" in the book ”It is interpreted as "without self, it means xuanran; without creation, it means Xuanhua of truth; without mystery, it means Zhenxuan; without truth, it means XuanZhen." Therefore, the relationship between Tao Te Ching and xuanzhenzi is just a program, a detailed rule, an abstract one and a concrete one. Later generations called his "works mysterious, for the fairy.".
In addition, there are records of the causes of rainbow and the methods of artificial rainbow making in the outer part of xuanzhenzi.
Astronomy
Zhang Zhihe's theory on the relationship between heaven and earth is quite close to the theory of "covering the sky" in ancient Chinese astronomy. The difference is that Zhang Zhihe does not think that the ground is inclined, high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Between heaven and earth, there is a formless bixu, which is consistent with the "Xuanye theory" in ancient astronomy. This is where Zhang Zhihe attracted ancient astronomy. Furthermore, we can see Zhang Zhihe's exquisite explanation of the relationship between the sun and the moon.
Character evaluation
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Tang Dynasty·
Zhu Jingxuan
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Famous paintings of Tang Dynasty
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Zhang Zhihe, or yanbozi, used to fish in Dongting Lake. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Duke of Yan and Lu gave Wu Xing five pieces of "fishing songs" to him. Zhang Nai is a scroll, with the sentence Fu like, characters, boats, birds and animals, smoke, wind and moon, all according to its text, the best, for the world's elegant law, deep to its state It's not the basic method of painting, so it's a kind of anecdote. It's not in the ancient times, so it's in the book.
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Tang Dynasty·
Zhang Yanyuan
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Notes on famous paintings of past dynasties
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He has high ambition and high nature. He painted it as "the fisherman's song".
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Tang Dynasty·
Li Deyu
The fisherman's song of xuanzhenzi
In the inner court, deyuqing saw emperor Xianzong's portrait and asked to visit xuanzhenzi's Fisherman's song. Yu Shi and
Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zhi He
Zhang Zhihe
