Zhang Biao

Zhang Biao

Zhang Biao (1860-1927) was a military official in the late Qing Dynasty. Huchen was born in Yuci, Shanxi Province. He once served as the governor of Hubei Province and vice governor of the army. During the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, he led the governor's guard to resist the uprising. After the north south alliance, he left his post and built "Zhang Yuan" in the daily rent circle of Tianjin as an apartment.

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Zhang Biao lost his father when he was young, and his family was very poor. He made a living by carrying coal by cart. After her mother's death, she made up the quota of Fubiao soldiers in Taiyuan in 1880. Later, because of his excellent martial arts, he should try it with a boy. Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Shanxi Province, found that he was strong, talented and reliable. He was very fond of him. He was promoted as a bodyguard and was regarded as a confidant. In 1889, Zhang Zhidong was promoted to governor of Huguang. At that time, Hankou was flooded and Zhang Biao was commissioned to build the levee in the west of the lake. During this period, careful design, strict construction supervision, smooth completion of the project, flood eradication. The local people call the levee "Zhanggong levee". Later, he was responsible for the construction of Wutai and Wufeng gates, and the project was also scientific and solid. In 1897, Zhang Biao, appointed by the Qing government, went to Japan to investigate military affairs, battalions, and guns. His military talent greatly increased. After the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), he created and trained the Hubei army in Hu, and was awarded the title of "Zhuang Yong batulu" by the Qing government. At the same time, he was assigned to manage the general school, meticulously "change the establishment, change the rules and clothes, and choose the equipment" for the students, and was promoted to the Deputy General of Huguang supervision standard. In 1906, he was promoted to the chief of Songpan Town, Sichuan Province. In the autumn of that year, the two divisions held joint exercises in Zhangde Prefecture, Henan Province, and served as the president of the southern army. He was appointed as the chief counsellor of the office of governor training, and was in charge of the leather making, felt making and cloth making factories in Hubei Province. In 1908, the southern and Northern divisions held joint exercises in Taihu County, Anhui Province. After that, they were awarded the title of "qimuqin batulu" and were awarded the title of Hubei governor and Hubei Jiangwu Academy. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), Zhang Biao was appointed as the eighth town to control and supervise the patrol camp. On August 19 of the lunar calendar, the revolution of 1911 broke out, leading 3000 subordinates to stick to the governor's Yamen and fight with Bianjun for two days. After that, he led the team to win Guishan Fort first and occupied Hanyang again. The important relationship between Zhang Biao in Yuci of Shanxi Province and Wuchang in 1911 Revolution: after the north south peace negotiation, he left his post and went to Japan. In 1912, he returned to China and was employed as a senior adviser by the government, and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in the army. From then on, he lived in Tianjin and built a garden house in the Japanese concession, named Zhangyuan. In 1924, Sun Yat Sen went to the north for peace talks and lived in Zhangyuan with his wife, Soong Ching Ling. In February of the next year, the last emperor Puyi and empress Wanrong who were expelled from Beijing also lived in Zhangyuan. Every morning, I personally sweep the courtyard to do the so-called "serving the king".

On September 13, 1927, Zhang Biao was critically ill. Ten minutes before his death, he looked very sober. Emperor Puyi of the Qing Dynasty rushed to see him, which excited his dying body. Although he could not speak, and could not raise his hand to pay homage, his sad face could only be seen, and he could only make a slight farewell gesture; but his eyes were burning towards the former Emperor, and he was staring at the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, whom he had been defending all his life, until he died. Puyi wept for the memory of the loyal minister of the Qing Dynasty. At the time of his funeral, Puyi wrote a plaque of "heart like stone" and gave him a sutra quilt to see him off. Although Li Yuanhong did not see him for the last time, he also wailed during the memorial ceremony, showing extraordinary sadness and worldly sophistication. After Zhang Biao's family's hard advice, they reluctantly boarded the car and left with tears in their eyes.

Zhang Biao ancestral hall

Zhang Biao ancestral hall is located in xizuofu village at the foot of Wujin mountain in Yuci. It was built by Zhang Biao when he returned to his hometown to repair his ancestors' tomb in his later years. It started in the late Qing Dynasty and was completed in the Republic of China. The ancestral hall has a layout of two entrances, facing south from north. There are 24 buildings including ancestral gate, hall, main hall and ear room, covering an area of about 1900 square meters and a building area of about 600 square meters. The temple gate has five rooms and three doors, four deep rafters, single eaves and top of the mountain. It has a five purlin front corridor structure, square stone columns, double-layer column foundation. The lower layer is Ruyi flower variant, and the upper layer is Baozhuang tongue petals. The whole building is well preserved. Zhang's ancestral hall is a typical building in the period of the Republic of China. It integrates the architectural style of the north and the south. The layout is rigorous, the structure is regular, the materials are exquisite, and the decorative components are exquisite. It reflects the architectural style of the period of the Republic of China and the local characteristics of Shanxi.

Zhang Biao ancestral hall was announced as a city (District) level cultural relics protection unit in 1981.

More historical materials

Legendary Zhang Biao and his Zhang Yuan

In Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin city, there is a house listed by the Tianjin municipal government as "the site of Sun Yat Sen's residence when he went north to Tianjin", which is famous at home and abroad.

Zhang Biao and his works

Zhang Yuan

For future generations left untold legend.

In December 1860 (the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty), Zhang Biao was born in a poor peasant family in xizuofu village, Yuci County, Shanxi Province. Because of his good martial arts, he passed the martial arts examination at the age of 18. Zhang Biao was straightforward and chivalrous. In a "fight against injustice and help each other", he accidentally rescued Zhang Zhidong, who took over the post of governor in Shanxi Province. Therefore, he was highly appreciated by Zhang Zhidong. He was promoted to governor of Hubei Province by his retinue bodyguards and military officers, and became a "feudal official" of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Biao was a capable general of Zhang Zhidong's westernization movement. He made great achievements in running industry, developing education and training the new army. Zhang Zhidong invited the Qing government to organize and train the "new army" under the command of Zhang Biao, making him "the first man in the army in modern China". Zhang Biao was not only an old minister of the late Qing Dynasty, but also a "general Jianwei" of the Republic of China. He not only had a strong thought of "protecting the emperor", but also had a tendency of innovation and improvement, sympathizing with the revolution. During the Wuchang Uprising of the 1911 Revolution, he tried his best to preserve the imperial court, but many of his new army became the backbone of the national revolutionary army. After the revolution of 1911, his subordinate Li Yuanhong asked him to be the governor of Hubei military government seven times, but they were all rejected. He retreated bravely, lived in seclusion in Jinmen, built Zhangyuan garden and set up industry.

Zhang Biao's multiple characters also continue the legend of Zhang Yuan. On November 13, 1924, Sun Yat Sen and his wife Song Qingling went north. On December 4, they came to Tianjin and lived in Zhangyuan. They didn't go to Beijing until 27 days later. At that time, many influential figures such as Wang Jingwei, Sun Ke, Zhang zuolin, Ma Qianli and Li Yuanhong came to visit Sun Yat Sen, making Zhang Yuan a "hot spot" in the politics of the Republic of China In 1924, general Feng Yuxiang launched a coup d'etat in Beijing, which drove Puyi out of the Forbidden City. On February 23, 1925, Puyi's whole family came to Tianjin together with the palace maids, eunuchs, the old and the young. Zhang Yuan became Puyi's "Palace". Puyi's choice of housing (the East Room of Pingyuan building) and the location of the new bed is no different from Sun Yat Sen's previous bedroom and bed! One is the father of the Republic of China, the other is the despairing emperor. Two historical figures with different destinies, different roads and different ways chose the same place to live in Zhangyuan. This dramatic coincidence tells the legend of Zhangyuan, which is also talked about by historical researchers. Coincidentally, Zhang Ting (Zhang Xueyi), the 12th son of Zhang Biao, was similar to Puyi in age and taste. He had "accompanied" Puyi for 20 years, from Secretary, bodyguard staff officer to senior member of the Imperial Guard. When the Soviet Red Army entered Changchun, Zhang Ting was ordered to maintain local public order. The Kuomintang took over Changchun and appointed him deputy head of the 12th regiment of the security forces. Because of his full support for the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, after the liberation of Changchun, he once served as the deputy director of the Research Office of an officer training group of the PLA and the leader of a senior prisoner of war team They are retired veteran cadres.

Research on Yuci

Mr. He Houxi, the founder of Chinese Han Yi culture, pays much attention to Zhang Biao because he has great historical energy. A lot of historical mysteries revolve around this figure who has been ignored by many people. Mr. He Houxi has always paid close attention to the humanistic history of his hometown, especially when he understood Mr. Zuofu Zhang Biao's historical choice of supporting the revolutionaries in disguised form at the critical moment of the revolution of 1911, and his understanding and record of Mr. Zhang Biao's injustice in history have always been very unfair, and he should use all his strength to re write Mr. Zhang Biao's experience in the revolution of 1911 The historic choice of key time.

Zhang Biao was born in Zuofu village, Wujinshan Town, Yuci. He was a wise, benevolent and virtuous man. He founded China's first new army when he was under the eighth political control of Hubei Province in Wuhan. On the eve of the revolution of 1911, Zuofu Zhang Biao and some officers and soldiers of China's first new army had read Dr. Sun Yat Sen's revolutionary pamphlet and sympathized with the capitalist revolution at that time When Zuo Fu Zhang Biao's subordinates launched the revolution of 1911, the soldiers of the revolution did not have much strength from weapons to personnel, and the Qing soldiers led by Zuo Fu Zhang Biao were very powerful. If Zuo Fu Zhang Biao wanted to suppress the uprising soldiers, it would not take much effort. Some people thought that the success of the revolution of 1911 was a fluke. They also thought that it was the weakness and incompetence of the Qing soldiers, and even described the revolution of 1911 In the book of life, Zuo Fu and Zhang Biao are described as fleeing. In fact, Zuofu Zhangbiao was in a very contradictory mood at that time. First of all, Zuofu Zhangbiao was an important official of the Qing Dynasty. He had feelings for the Qing Dynasty and was not willing to betray the Qing Dynasty. However, as a Han nationality, he was also full of sympathy for the revolutionary party led by Dr. Sun Yat Sen. Zuofu Zhangbiao was not willing to suppress his subordinates personally when he launched the revolution of 1911 Zhang Biao gave up the road of allegiance to the imperial court and suppressing the uprising soldiers after weighing the interests in front of him, and avoided Japan. In fact, Zhang Biao's opposition to the revolution of 1911 was formed

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