He Yan
He Yan
He Yan (413-458), named Zhonghong, was born in Huoshan County, Lujiang County, Anhui Province. He was the second son of he Shang, a doctor of Zuo Guanglu, and an official of Song Dynasty. He was born in the ninth year of Yixi reign of Jin'an emperor and died in the second year of Daming reign of Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty at the age of 46.
Zhou PI Yi Cao engaged in. Show talent. Yuanjiazhong, a prince in the son, Li Shizhong, Zhang zhaogao. Fashion for the Sikong Shangshu order, Yan home, father and son and confidential, very time reputation. In emperor Xiaowu's time, he moved to the official department. And Yan Jun gap, heart uneasy, then get palpitation. Emperor Xiaowu's experience was very thick, and he was treated twice before he got the gall. When the emperor's eldest daughter Shanyin princess love pour for a while, with Yanziji. And death, the emperor cried for it, posthumous title said Jing. Yan is good at talking about metaphysics. He once annotated the Xiaoyao chapter of Zhuangzi, and 19 volumes of anthologies (eight volumes for Sui Zhi Zhu and 16 volumes for liangtang Shu Zhi). This is parallel to the world from Sui Shu Zhi.
Life of the characters
In 413 A.D., he Yan, the protagonist of this paper, was born into a lower class family (1) in the Liu Song Dynasty. The family began to enter the official career (2) from He Yan's great grandfather, he Shudu, and his father, he Shangzhi. He Yan is a neutron in his family, that is, he is neither long nor young. He Yan's native place is Fuxian County, Lujiang County, but his native place is difficult to be determined because in the year of his birth, Lujiang County was designated from Yangzhou to Yuzhou (3). Besides, I'm afraid his native place and birthplace are not unified. Because the official history is not recorded, the author speculates that there are the following possibilities: Jiankang, Wujun, Fuxian or other places. First of all, when he was an official at that time, his family members did not necessarily follow him. For example, after the coup of Liu Shao, the prince of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, which will be mentioned later in this paper, he was resisted by external forces, and many of the family members of the town general Fu Zuo were in Jiankang (4). Of course, we can not rule out the possibility of following. Therefore, in the absence of historical evidence, we can only speculate from two aspects. That is to say, if his great grandfather remained in Fuxian County, Lujiang County after he became an official, he might have been born in his hometown. If his family moves out, it is generally reasonable to follow his grandfather and father. In the ninth year of Yixi's reign, his grandfather either served as the prefect of Wujun or as a minister in Jiankang (5). In his early years, his father followed Xie Hun as an official for a long time in Jiankang (6), and started as Linjin magistrate of Yangzhou. Around the 11th year of Yixi (7), he entered the shogunate of General Liu Yuping and went to Jingzhou. From the above inference, we can get these possibilities. Of course, Mr. Yan gengwang proposed that "the he family lived in Yangzhou" (8). I don't know how Mr. Yan came to this conclusion, but I personally think that although my grandfather and father were officials in Yangzhou and his father still followed Xie Hun, it is questionable whether the family lived or not, at least the evidence is not strong enough. This also involves the question of which state he was conquered by later. I will make a statement first. Although he family has been an official for several generations, he Yan's family was not rich when he was born (9). However, the quality of this family is not low. From his father's start, he was a county magistrate, at least Sanpin (10). Around the 10th year of Yuanjia (433 AD) (11), he was appointed as the official of the state capital of Yangzhou (12). Later, he was elected as a scholar. After the examination (13), he was awarded the Chinese army to join the army and was incorporated into the Pingxi general's office of Linchuan King Liu Yiqing as the chief officer. First of all, during the northern and Southern Dynasties, the state government was in charge of administration, and the military government was in charge of military affairs. But in fact, the military government invaded the power of the state government, making the government assistant system surpass the state assistant system in status and power under normal circumstances. Therefore, entering the military government is a kind of promotion. Liu Yiqing, the king of Linchuan, was the author of Shishuoxinyu. His talent and learning were so outstanding among all the kings of Song Dynasty that Liu Yu, the emperor of Gaozu, praised and said, "my family is a rich city" (14). On the one hand, he Yan's position in his military mansion reflected his ability, on the other hand, he benefited a lot from politics and academy. Later, the imperial court called him to be the prince to wash horses, but he didn't take office. The reason is not clear.
In the 19th year of Yuanjia (A.D. 442), he became the prefect of Danyang county. This is a very important starting point. Danyang county is the seat of Jiankang, and the county chief is the deputy of the chief executive of Danyang county. After that, he served as the king friend of Luling. This is another promotion. Because the previous positions of Yicao, Zhongjun, Pingxi and Danyang were all of the seventh grade, while Wang you was of the sixth grade. After that, the three official positions were Prince zhongsheren, zhongshulang and Prince zhongshuzi. The first two are the posts of the sixth grade, while the latter is the fifth grade. Among them, the prince zhongsheren and the prince zhongshuzi belong to the officials of the eastern palace. The former is equivalent to the Minister of Huangmen, that is, the official who is in charge of the authority and remonstrance around the Prince (15); the latter is equivalent to the minister, that is, the official who is in charge of everything in the prince's eastern palace, who is in charge of playing and discussing affairs around the prince, and who accompanies the prince when driving (16). These two positions are close to the crown prince, because the power to appoint these officials is not in the hands of the crown prince, so he can not be regarded as a member of the crown prince party. However, from the perspective of the later crown prince Liu Shao's reuse after he ascended the throne, at least the relationship between them was good. Zhongshulang is responsible for the compilation work, very clear (17).
Since then, Liu Chang, the ninth son of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, served as the prefect of xiapi County in nanpengcheng. Therefore, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty sent He Yan to act as the governor of the Yiyang state, responsible for the management of the prince's feudalism. At that time, the feudal state was equivalent to a county, and the official chief executive of the feudal state should be the internal historian. He only had the authority to manage the internal historian, but there was no real name. To put it bluntly, he was an agent. I'm afraid this is a strategy of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty. Of course, this kind of agency can not be done by anyone, which reflects Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty's trust in He Yan.
One day (18) after the 27th year of Yuanjia, Jiang Zhan, who was then the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, recommended Wang Wei to be an official. Wang Wei is the son of Wang Ru, the younger brother of Wang Hong, an important official of Emperor Wen. He does not admire fame, but is friendly with He Yan. At that time, there was a rumor that he Yan contributed to Jiang Zhan's recommendation. He Yan was upset about this and wrote a letter to explain it. When Wang Wei died of illness in the 30th year of Yuanjia, he asked his family to send his piano to He Yan (19). It can be seen that he Yan is good at communication, which also shows that he Yan had a more sincere and temperament when he was young, otherwise Wang Wei, who was indifferent to fame, would not have had such deep friendship with him.
In the 29th year of Yuanjia (452 A.D.), it is said that after the death of emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the chaotic emperor Song Wen of the Northern Wei Dynasty wanted to make another northern expedition. Undoubtedly, for feudal emperors, many things were arbitrary. However, he could not do everything personally, so he needed the ministers to deal with specific matters; in addition, he needed to understand the attitude of the ministers, so as to decide how to use and dispatch them, so he sent people to ask the ministers for their opinions on the northern expedition. What I want to narrate here is that since Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty ascended the throne, he has launched two large-scale northern expeditions. One was in the seventh year of Yuanjia, and the other was in the 27th year of Yuanjia. However, both of them were defeated miserably, and even the second time they were attacked by the Northern Wei army to the other side of the Yangtze River. Emperor Song Wen, who was keen on unifying the north, naturally was not willing to accept such a result, so it was reasonable for him to make another northern expedition. However, the northern expedition of Song Dynasty was defeated continuously, especially for the second time, when the troops were sent out, there was financial tension (20). After the counterattack of Northern Wei Dynasty, the area north of the Yangtze River was seriously damaged. Therefore, the Song Dynasty had no strength to support a northern expedition. In addition, the song army was defeated in successive battles and lost all their vigor. They were no longer Xiong's division in that year, and they had no advantage in psychology. Therefore, Emperor Song Wen's decision is undoubtedly wrong. Naturally, he Yan also saw the problem and opposed the northern expedition. But he also saw that Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty had a firm attitude. As a minister, he could not directly offend Jun Yan. Therefore, he adopted the strategy of roundabout admonishment in his letter. He first admitted that the emperor's correct judgment when talking about the northern expedition was that civil strife in the Northern Wei Dynasty was easy to be eliminated. He admitted that the emperor's planning was very complete, and soon turned to his own difficulties, especially the dilapidated situation of border counties, and thought that we should wait for the opportunity (21). I don't know whether this kind of admonishment strategy worked, or because his father he Shangzhi came out of the mountain again and returned to the imperial court to manage the logistics of the Northern Expedition (22), or both, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty didn't give him a facial expression and asked him to be the chief history of Liu Jun's expedition to the Northern General's house and the prefect of the South East China Sea. South Donghai county belongs to South Xuzhou, which is closer to the capital than Yiyang state, but the political treatment of the state is higher than that of the county, and the status of the domestic history is higher than that of the prefect. Of course, he used to be an official, but now he is a real official, so he can be regarded as an equal.
Soon, he Yan was promoted again and became the chief historian of situ Zuoshi (23). This position is very important. Because of the implementation of the nine grade official law at that time, it was necessary for Szeto Zuoshi to audit the ranking of the officials after the central authorities in various places (24), which had a certain right to intervene in the personnel of the imperial court. He Yan's ability to take up this position is related to his father's favor.
(1) As shown in (10), the nine grade official law stipulates nine grades, but the actual grade one is in vain, and the highest grade one is grade two. Rural products are inferior products.
(2) In the biographies of he Shangzhi in the book of Song Dynasty, "Zeng zujun is noble and should not be conquered. Zuzhen, the prefect of Nankang. "
(3) "In the ninth year of the Song Dynasty, it was located in Yuzhou to the west of Dajiang and the north of Dali in Yangzhou."
(4) Liu Shao's biography in the book of Song Dynasty
(5) In the biographies of he Shangzhi in the book of Song Dynasty, "in the fifth year of Yixi Shi Shudu is the Secretary of history Later, he was a doctor of jinziguanglu and the prefect of Wujun
(6) The biography of he Shangzhi in the book of song "is known by Xie Hun of Chen County, where to visit" and the biography of Xie Hun in the book of Jin "Li Zhong Shu Ling, Zhong Ling Jun, Shang Shu Zuo pushe, Ling Xuan"
Chinese PinYin : He Yan
He Yan
