Zhang Guowei

Zhang Guowei

Zhang Guowei (1595-1646) was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province. He once served as governor of Jiangnan ten prefectures in the late Ming Dynasty, and later as Minister of the Ministry of war. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, they would rather die than surrender and die for their country.

Personage introduction

Zhang Guowei (1595-1646) was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province. He once served as governor of Jiangnan ten prefectures in the late Ming Dynasty, and later as Minister of the Ministry of war. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, they would rather die than die for their country.

Tomorrow in 1622, he will be a Jinshi and a magistrate of Panyu. During his term of office, he prospered the school, taught agriculture and mulberry, and moralized the people.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen reign (1634), he was promoted to be the censor of Youjin capital. He toured Yingtian, Anqing and other ten prefectures, and presided over the construction of Fanchang and Taihu. It shows that he dredged the rivers of Songjiang, Jiading, Shanghai and Wuxi, and built bridges, ponds and canals in Wujiang, Jiangyin and Suzhou.

In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Zhang Guowei, who was then the censor of the governor capital, and Wang yie, the censor of the governor, repaired Wujiang stone pond. According to the investigation, the whole collapse should be repaired by 155zhang, and the half collapse by 286zhang. Looking at the water shortage in the west, the inner and outer ponds should be built by 76zhang, and the Changqiao, Sanjiang bridge and Wengjing bridge should be built. In 1636, he wrote a request to dredge the drainage channels on both sides of the Changqiao bridge in Wujiang county. "Taihu Lake gathers lots of water, Wujiang River flows into Wusong River and loujiang River to enter the sea. The 70 arches of the Changqiao bridge and all the water sinuses in the area of Jiuli Shitang are open to discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to build a futu Pavilion beside the arch of the bridge, Most of the sinuses in Shitang have been silted up for a long time, and should be dredged as a whole to avoid farmland. Therefore, according to the history of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Guowei "built Suzhou Jiuli stone pond and Pingwang inner and outer ponds, Changzhou Zhihe and other ponds, built Songjiang seawall, dredged Zhenjiang River and Jiangyin canal, and made great achievements.". He deeply understood that "only Wu Zeguo, the people's livelihood is farmland, farmland's livelihood is water, and water is harmful.". He said: "Chen sou Quan Xing Jun, riding alone to drive, hand and mouth, MI things do not do", "Chen taste single Ge patrol flood, explore the river, each draw water map, including to say briefly", accumulated decades of experience in water control, wrote and published a 700000 word Wuzhong water conservancy book, which is the largest water conservancy masterpiece in ancient China. Wuzhong water conservancy encyclopedia was completed in 1639. It first listed 12 general water conservancy maps of seven southeast prefectures, and then marked water sources, water veins, water names and other items. It also recorded related imperial edicts and Zhangzuo, including discussions, prefaces and ballads on water control from song, yuan to Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty. It is an important water conservancy document for the study of Su, song, Chang and Zhen counties.

In the history of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Xinjia, Minister of the Ministry of war, was sent to prison, and the emperor called the state and Wei to replace him. The emperor was able to do seven things, such as keeping the standard of rewards and punishments, being strict with the duty of the world, being cautious about promotion and consulting questions. Kaifeng will sink, Hebei vibration, the number of anti River strategy, the emperor also accept it.

In April of the 16th year of Chongzhen, the Qing army entered Jifu, and Zhao Guangjia, the state commander in chief, rejected Luoshan. If the speaker slanders Guowei, he will be dismissed and sent to prison. When the emperor read his river harnessing work, he got an explanation. He called to the left gate of the Central Committee, restored the old official, and concurrently served as the censor of the capital of the right Jin. He traveled to Jiangnan and Zhejiang to supervise the training of troops and the payment of salaries. Ten days after leaving the capital, the capital fell.

In the first year of Hongguang (1645), he supported Zhu Yihai, king of Lu. Fang Guoan, commander in chief, betrayed him. So he called his second son to ask him about his attitude towards life and death. Shifeng, the eldest son, said that he would never steal his life. Shipeng, the second son, responded slowly. Zhang Guowei threw a stone inkstone at him and failed. Shi Peng weeps at the thought that "she's all at ease, giving her life generously, but her grandmother is 80 years old .”。 In the middle of the night, Zhang Guowei wore his clothes and said goodbye to his mother. He wrote three chapters of the book of doomsday from Rong Fu, and wrote that "loyalty and filial piety can't be reconciled. As a minister, friendship will die.". You two should be loyal or filial to each other. Don't make my mother die and make me hate the spring He threw his pen to the ground, wrote to his second son, and died in the garden. He was two years old. Later generations built Zhang Guowei temple in Huqiu mountain area of Suzhou as a memorial. Nanshe, a well-known social organization in modern Chinese history, chose Zhang Guowei's ancestral hall as its first collection, which has profound implication.

Reference 1

History of Ming Dynasty: biography of Zhang Guowei

Zhang Guowei is a native of Dongyang. Tianqi two years Jinshi. Granted Panyu county magistrate.

In the first year of Chongzhen, when he was promoted to the Department of criminal justice, Yang Suo Xiu, the vice governor, and Tian Jingxin, the censor, were both Wei Zhongxian party members. Chen Shizheng has said five things: "Your Majesty is too sharp in seeking governance and too strict in comprehensive evaluation. Those who are clumsy will avoid blame, while those who are skillful will take advantage of it. Therefore, it is wise to treat the symptoms, but the friendship between the heart, hands and feet is really thin. In the ancestral Dynasty, there were some officials who granted the imperial edict, and others who sparsely exposed the matter and argued for it. As soon as we are responsible for the interpretation of the ancient texts, we will not lose the first place; as soon as we undertake to revise the original texts, we will be afraid to follow the orders. If it is not appropriate to deal with it, you will not dare to play it. It will be appropriate to abstain. There is no one who has been convicted of the crime. Today, the only way to spread the heavenly language is to worship Yang. Xiong Fenwei, a minister and official, returned to the court for ten days. He was banished by the word "pangcuo". Should we not impose a slight penalty to show our tolerance? It's better to get in touch with each other. " Second, please level the penalty, Pu gaoze. The emperor can't use it all. I'm in the ritual department. After the earthquake in the capital, the government was badly ill regulated and moved to Shaoqing.

In the seventh year, he was promoted to be the censor of Youjin capital and the governor of Yingtian, Anqing and other ten prefectures. In the winter, the bandits invaded Tongcheng, and the army was destroyed. In the prime of his life, Guowei's hair turned white overnight. In the first month of next year, he led his deputy general Xu Ziqiang to come to the aid, and the guerrilla pan Keda, magistrate Chen Erming, and others remained in the guard. The thief attacked the buried hill, and Zhao Shiyan, the county magistrate, was seriously injured. After attacking Taihu Lake, magistrate Jin YingYuan and admonish Hu Yongning were killed. When Guowei arrived, he solved Tongwei, sent Zhu Shiyin to Qianshan, and Zhang Qiwei to Taihu Lake. Shi Yin died in the war. He met the thief Susong and killed quite a lot. Jieshi, a folk in Anqing mountain, threw thieves. Most of them died, but they fled over Yingshan and Huoshan. In September, the robber returned from Susong to the buried hill and Taihu Lake. He swept the land and the king was trapped in Susong and other three counties. Guowei was garrisoned by 2000 aborigines, and the history of military supervision can be traced. In the first month of next year, thieves surrounded Jiangpu and sent garrisons Jiang ruolai and Chen Yu to Wang zhanque. In December, the thieves divided their forces to attack Huaining, and they could be stopped by Zuo Liangyu and Ma Li. When he again committed Jiangpu, his deputy generals Cheng Long, ruolai and Yu Wang refused to defend. All cities are the same. He surrounded the river and sent troops to help him.

In March of the 10th year, Guowei led long et al. To Anqing to guard against the thieves in fengjiadian, but thousands of dragon soldiers failed. The thief fell into Hezhou, Hanshan and Dingyuan in the East, and captured Liuhe. Zheng Tongyuan, the county magistrate, collapsed, and the thief attacked Tianchang. Guowei sees that thieves are becoming more and more powerful. Please set up a governor in the court, such as ji'anqing, Chizhou and Taiping. Anqing was not subordinate to the governor of the south of the Yangtze River. They wanted to give them to Jiangpu and Liuhe, so that they could protect the south of the Yangtze River.

Guowei is generous and has won the hearts of the literati. It's a disaster in the county. I'm always asking for help. We have built Taihu Lake and Fanchang, built Suzhou Jiuli stone pond and Pingwang inner and outer ponds, Changzhou Zhihe and other ponds, built Songjiang seawall, dredged Zhenjiang River and Jiangyin canal, and achieved great success. He was the right Minister of the Ministry of labor and the censor of the capital, and the prime minister. Year old drought, water flow dried up, the state Wei Jun water to access the water. When Shandong is hungry, it is impossible to revive the poor.

In the summer of the fourteenth year, Shandong began to steal, and changed the right servant of the Ministry of war to supervise the four towns of Huai, Xu, Lin and Tong to protect the water transport. The robber Li Qingshan was tens of thousands of red. He took charge of Liangshanpo and sent his party to take charge of eight gates, such as Hanzhuang. Yundao was the stem. Zhou yanru went to the north to summon him. He said that it was not chaos to lead the Red River to protect the water channel. Xu yanru, a scholar of Yan Dynasty, gave him a position. But the Castle Peak cut off the boat, burned and plundered, forcing Linqing. The soldiers of the state maintenance and cooperation department attacked him and captured him in the dynasty. Chen Xinjia, Minister of the Ministry of war, was sent to prison, and the emperor called the state to replace him. The emperor was able to do seven things, such as keeping the standard of rewards and punishments, being strict with the duty of the world, being cautious about promotion and consulting questions. Kaifeng will sink, Hebei vibration, the number of anti River strategy, the emperor also accept it.

In April of the 16th year, our Qing army entered Jifu, and Zhao Guangjia refused Luoshan. All the eight generals were defeated. If the speaker slanders Guowei, he will be dismissed and sent to prison. When the emperor read his river harnessing work, he got an explanation. He called to the left gate of the Central Committee, restored the old official, and concurrently served as the censor of the capital of the right Jin. He traveled to Jiangnan and Zhejiang to supervise the training of troops and the payment of salaries. Ten days after leaving the capital, the capital fell.

King Fu called to assist in military administration. Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Shandong Province. Xu Shiqi, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, went to the throne and talked about returning to the country. Ma Shiying doesn't need to use Zhang Jie. Guowei begged his relatives to return.

South capital Fu, more than a month, Lu Wang Jianguo in Hangzhou, not a few days out and down. In June, King Lu of Guowei Dynasty was in Taizhou and asked Wang to supervise the state. Today, he moved to Shaoxing, where he was appointed as a state Wei Shaofu, Prince Taifu, Minister of the Ministry of war, and a Bachelor of wuyingdian, and supervised jiangshang. The general's official national security was also from Jinhua to Beijing. Ma Shiying is good at national security, hiding in his army, please enter the court. The top ten crimes of Guowei nuclear power are that they dare not enter. Lianfu Fuyang, Yuqian, Shucheng, Yuanjiang are the key points. The United Nations Security, Wang Zhiren, Zheng Zunqian, Xiong Rulin, sun Jiaji and Qian Sule are the lasting plans. In May of the third year of Shunzhi, Guo'an and other armies were broke down. Wang sailed in Taizhou, and Guo Wei was also in charge of Dongyang. In June, he knew that the situation could not be supported. He wrote three chapters of Jueming Ci and went to die in the water. He was two years old.

Reference 2

Zhang Guowei: Governor of water control

October 7, 2007 Shenzhen business daily

1、 Restoration of Zhang Guowei's former residence

Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, is a big county with simple culture and prosperous education. There are many celebrities in history, including 305 Jinshi, five of whom have been prime ministers. There is a famous family named Lu family in this county, and there are 12 Jinshi in each family. But among the historical celebrities in Dongyang, Zhang Guowei, the Minister of the Ministry of war in the late Ming Dynasty, was most admired by later generations.

Not long ago, the reporter came to Dongyang City to feel the existence and influence of Zhang Guowei everywhere. His political morality and national spirit can be said to be the same with the land of Dongyang and the people of Dongyang. After getting off at Dongyang bus station, the reporter rented a tricycle and asked the address of Zhang Guowei's former residence. The coachman blurted out: "no one in Dongyang doesn't know Zhang Guowei. He is a good official for the people, Zhang Guowei

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