Liao Xiyan

Liao Xiyan

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Liao Xiyan, also known as Huisi, was born in 1509, the fourth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty, at the East head of Zhitang, Chaling, Hunan Province.

Early experience

Liao Xiyan is born in a scholarly family. He has been deeply influenced by family culture since he was a child. He is very intelligent and intelligent. As a child, Liao Xiyan once wrote the Spring Festival couplets of "the door is around a bay of water, and the family has ten thousand volumes of books", which won the praise of the people. At the same time, it also shows Liao Xiyan's brilliant talent. In his youth, with lofty ambition, he became a Jinshi of Lin Daqin in 1532, and was first granted the title of magistrate of Gao'an County in Jiangxi Province. After three years in office, he reorganized his household registration, set up regular warehouses, built embankments, and made great achievements. Later, he was promoted to head of the Ministry of work and a doctor of the Ministry of work. At this time, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, the emperor of Jiajing, indulged in learning and practicing Taoism. He liked to play and often left Beijing for "tours". Every time he went on a tour, he would build a palace in the earth forest for him to have fun and waste money. Liao Xiyan, who was a doctor of the Ministry of industry at that time, was upright and dissatisfied with this. As a result, he offended the dignitaries and was demoted from the capital to promote Confucianism in Shanxi. Liao Xiyan first came to Shanxi to give lectures in Hefen academy, which has a high reputation. At that time, Shanxi was located in Yansui border area, which was one of the nine border areas in Ming Dynasty. Juzhushan (Yanmen mountain) and feiguguan, the ancient fortresses of Yansui border defense, have been guarded by heavy troops since the Han Dynasty. As early as the 14th year of Xuande (1409), Ming Yingzong led his division to the Wasi tribe, and fought with the leader of the Wasi tribe at the Tupu fort near guzhuguan. Finally, the Ming army was defeated, Ming Yingzong was captured, and reached a peace agreement with the Wasi tribe. From then on, Yansui border defense became an important defense area in Ming Dynasty, but in Jiajing years, the defense was slack, military affairs were chaotic, and castles and passes were mostly ruins.

Military works

Liao Xiyan witnessed with his own eyes the exhaustion of the military affairs in Shanxi Province, and his heart was burning with anxiety. In order to protect the country, he volunteered to serve as Yanmen soldier, prepared the road, surveyed the pass, and inspected the border defense military affairs. He only took a servant and a rider to climb the mountains and pass through the castles and ruins, eating dry food and sleeping grass. Along the way, Liao Xiyan's master and servant "wear the moon and wear the stars, bathe in the rain and wind, sleep in the wild and have a meal", with a total mileage of more than 300 miles, suffering hardships. They investigated the military status of each fortress, the rise and fall of the castle, the establishment of the sentry post, the combat effectiveness of the soldiers, the quantity and quality of the army and horse weapons, and the amount of grain and grass reserves. Liao Xiyan put forward a series of practical rectification measures in view of the actual situation and problems along the way. At the same time, he wrote an influential military masterpiece "three passes". Sanguan, namely Yanmen pass, Ningwu pass and Piantou pass in the northwest of the mountain, is commonly known as the "outer three passes" of the inner Great Wall. It guards the northern border and covers the Central Plains. It is a frontier pass in the Ming Dynasty, and has been a must for military strategists since ancient times. San Guan Zhi was printed in 1545, the 24th year of Jiajing. The book is divided into three volumes, including Yanmen pass geography examination, Ningwu pass Piantou pass, Wubei pass, Bingshi pass, mazheng pass, and so on, with a total of 272 pages. This chronicle not only examines its geographical evolution, the system and historical events of setting up official garrisons, but also records the distribution of mountains and rivers, towns, fortresses and passes, and the allocation of troops. Sanguanzhi records the rich and colorful culture of the ancient three Jin Dynasty. As an important local chronicle, its shape is better than that of the pass. It is not only a military work highly praised by the strategists of Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also an important document for the study of the history and culture of Sanguan and Northern Shanxi. At the time of the success of the three pass annals, when Japanese pirates were rampant and wantonly invaded the coastal and inland areas of our country, the imperial court urged Liao Xiyan to go to Zhejiang to suppress and pacify him, and promoted him to be the chief inspector, the chief inspector and the Chief Secretary of Zhejiang to participate in politics. In Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty, Peng Weixin (a member of Chaling), the associate cabinet scholar, said in the preface of sanguanzhi that sanguanzhi was "the great wall of Chengping, and a pot of gold in the time of border police". During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, sanguanzhi was included in Sikuquanshu. Today, the Si people have been dead for nearly 500 years, and Liao Xiyan's tomb is quietly guarding the banks of the water river in Chaling. The couplet of the tombstone is still visible. At the same time, in the north of Shanxi Province, "Xiongguan remains the old relics and is better than Zhuangshan River in shape", and Sanguan is also listed as a national heritage. Reading Liao Xiyan's "three pass annals", it seems that you can watch a group of outstanding three pass generals, performing a series of tragic and moving historical plays of "garrison in peacetime and garrison in wartime, leap horse and wave sword in wartime". The pass culture recorded in "three pass annals" is colorful and brilliant, which fully embodies the rich historical and cultural heritage of ancient pass. There is no doubt that sanguanzhi has become a treasure carrying the development of the civilization of the three Jin Dynasty. Liao Xiyan has made an indelible contribution to the inheritance of the dusty history and culture of the three Jin Dynasty, and is known as the "Literary School of the three Jin Dynasty".

die young

Liao Xiyan actively organized the army and the people to fight against Japanese pirates. He died of overwork at an early age. He died in the 27th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1548). He was only 39 years old and was buried in the head of Xiayao village, Xijiang street, Chaling County.

Family members

Grandfather: Liao Benxiang, a sociologist of Chaling Prefecture, once wrote the history of Chaling Prefecture. Father: Liao Chuanxu, born in Chaling.

Chinese PinYin : Liao Xi Yan