Yu Xin
Yu Xin
Yu Xin (513-581), Zi Shan, LAN Cheng. Nanyang County Xinye county (now Henan Xinye) people. He was a litterateur in the southern and Northern Dynasties. His father, Yu Jianwu, was also known for his literary talent.
Yu Xin is "young, handsome and extremely intelligent". He went to Xiao Gang's palace with his father when he was young. Later, he became Xiao Gang's Donggong bachelor together with Xu Ling and became the representative writer of palace literature. His literary style is known as "Xu Yu style". Tired official right guard general, fengwukang County Hou. When Hou Jing was in chaos, Yu Xin fled to Jiangling. Later, he was ordered to send an envoy to the Western Wei Dynasty. Because Liang was destroyed by the Western Wei Dynasty, he stayed in the north, where he served as an official, a general of chariots and cavalry, and Kaifu Yi. After the Wei Dynasty in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he moved the general of Hushi and the three divisions of Kaifu Yitong, and was granted the title of Linqing County son, which is known as "yukaifu". At that time, Chen Dynasty communicated well with the Northern Zhou Dynasty, lived in exiles, and promised to return to his homeland. Only Yu Xin and Wang Bao could not return to the south. On the one hand, Yu Xin lived in the north. He was respected as a literary master. He was treated by the emperor and made friends with the kings. On the other hand, he deeply missed his hometown and was ashamed of being an official in the enemy country, and resented for not being free. Finally, he died in the north in 581, the first year of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. There is a collection of yuzishan handed down, and a collection of yukaifu compiled by Zhang Pu of Ming Dynasty.
Yu Xin is the most famous poet from the south to the north. He is full of the unique bitterness of life in the split era, but he has the literary achievements of "the victory of the poor North and the South". His literary achievements also show the prospect of the integration of the northern and southern literary styles.
Life of the characters
Early and smart
Yu Xin was born in a family of "seven generations of scholars" and "Five Dynasties of anthologies". He was a descendant of Yu Cheng, a litterateur in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His grandfather, Yu Yi, should not be recruited by the court in the Southern Qi Dynasty; his father, Yu Jianwu, was a famous litterateur at that time. Yu Xin has been intelligent and well read since he was young. He is especially familiar with the biography of Zuo family in spring and autumn. He is eight feet tall and ten girths long. His appearance is slow and informal. He is different from ordinary people.
Enli Longsheng
In the first year of Datong (527), at the age of 15, Yu Xin entered the palace to speak for the prince Xiao Tong in the East Palace, until the death of Xiao Tong in the third year of zhongdatong (531). At this time, Xiao Gang, king of Jin'an (emperor Jianwen of Liang Dynasty), was appointed as the crown prince, while Yu Jianwu, the father of Yu Xin, was the commoner son of the crown prince and was in charge of clerical work. At the age of 19, Yu Xin also served as the doctor of Donggong copywriting. Father and son are in the East Palace, in and out of the palace, no one can compare the favor and courtesy. He and Xu Ling are brilliant, and their writing style is gorgeous, which is known as "Xu Yu style". At that time, posterity tried to imitate their articles. Every article they wrote was recited by the capital. Later, Yu Xin went out to serve Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan, and joined the army in ananfu. After several promotions, Yu Xin served as a doctor and a direct official of Shangshu. In 542, Yu Xin took the post of Bijia in Yingzhou. In the 11th year of Datong (545), Yu Xin served as an envoy to the Eastern Wei Dynasty. His articles and words were highly praised by Yexia. After returning to the dynasty, Yu Xin became a Bachelor of Donggong and concurrently a jiankangling.
wander
In the second year of the Qing Dynasty (548), "Hou Jing rebellion" broke out, and Hou Jing, the demoted General of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, led the army to rebel. Xiao Gang ordered Yu Xin to lead more than 1000 Chinese military officers to camp in Zhuque hangbei. When Hou Jing arrived, Yu Xin hastily led his troops to withdraw. After the fall of Taicheng, Yu Xin traveled westward along the river and fled to Jiangling. He was appointed as Zhongcheng by Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan. In November of the first year of Chengsheng (552), after Xiao Yi ascended the throne, Yu Xin became the right guard general, the Marquis of Wukang County, and was given the rank of regular servant of Sanqi.
Condescending to the enemy
In April of the third year of Chengsheng (554), Yu Xin was appointed as an envoy to the Western Wei Dynasty. Shortly after he arrived in Chang'an, the Western Wei Dynasty conquered Jiangling and killed Xiao Yi. As a result, Yu Xin was left in Chang'an. He was appointed as envoy Chijie, general Fujun, doctor Youjin ziguanglu, and governor of Dadu in the Western Wei Dynasty. Then he was promoted to the rank of grand general of chariots and general Yitong. Yuwenjue, Emperor Xiaomin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, became the emperor of Linqing county. He lived in 500 families and served as an underwater doctor. He also served as the governor of Hongnong, promoted to the general of Hushi, the third division of Kaifu Yitong, the senior official of sixianzhong, and the county Marquis of Jueyi city in Jin Dynasty. Later he was appointed governor of Luozhou. Yu Xin is familiar with many ancient rules and regulations, and his administration is simple and quiet, which makes the officials and the people have peace. Yu Wenfu praised: "only when virtue is hidden and the curtain is clean, can he be stabbed. Officials dare not bribe, and people can't bear to cheat. Shangluo tong'er is like welcoming Guo Chen, and Shangshan is old enough to be worthy of Liu Hong. " At that time, the Chen Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty were friendly to each other, and people from the north and the South who lived in other places were allowed to return to their hometown. Chen Dynasty asked to release more than ten people, such as Wang Bao and Yu Xin. Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, only released Wang Ke, Yin Buhai and others, and retained Yu Xin and Wang Bao. Soon after, Yu Xin was recruited as a doctor of Si Zongzhong. Yu Wenyu, emperor of Zhou Ming, and Yu Wenyong, emperor of Wu, were very fond of literature, so Yu Xin received special favor and courtesy. Yu Wenzhao, king of Zhao, Yu Wenfu, king of Teng, and so on, are sincere friends with Yu Xin. Most of the epitaphs of Gongqing in the Northern Zhou Dynasty were written by Yu Xin. At that time, only Wang Bao and Yu Xin were comparable, and the rest of the literati could not compare.
Thinking of the countryside
Although Yu Xin lived in a high position, he often felt homesick, so he wrote a Ode to the south of the Yangtze River to express his feelings. In the early years of Emperor Zhou Jing (579-580), Yu Xin left his post because of illness. In 581, Yu Xin died at the age of 69. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty deeply mourned and presented his duty as a present. He also presented two prefectural governors, Jing and Huai (the northern history of the Sui Dynasty is Yong). His son, Yu, established a hereditary title.
Main impact
literature
Yu Xin is also good at various styles and has made great achievements in poetry, Fu and prose. He is the most famous poet from the south to the north. At that time, there was a saying of "Xu Yu style", when people juxtaposed Xu Ling with it. He was full of the bitterness of life in the split era, but he had the literary achievements of "the victory of the poor North and the South". His literary achievements show the prospect of the integration of northern and southern literary styles. Yu Xin's poetry and Fu changed prose into parallel prose in the Han Dynasty, which made Fu more formal, developed Fu to a new stage and occupied an important position in the history of Chinese Fu. At the same time, Yu Xin also pioneered the use of poetry in Fu in Tang Dynasty, which influenced Wang Bo and Luo Bin's parallel works in Tang Dynasty. Parallel prose flourished in the Six Dynasties, and Yu Xin was a great master. Yu Xin's literary creation can be divided into two periods based on his mission to the Western Wei Dynasty at the age of 42. In the early Liang Dynasty, most of the works were palace style, light and flowery, rich in the beauty of diction. After his detention in the Northern Dynasties, his poems and Fu expressed his nostalgia for his hometown and his sentimentality for his life experience, and his style also changed into vigorous and sad. Yu Xin's early life in the Southern Dynasty coincided with the most stable stage of Liang Dynasty. In his ode to the south of the Yangtze River, he described that "in 50 years, there was nothing wrong with Jiang Biao". His early poems and essays are of the nature of providing entertainment for kings, and their ideological content is light and thin. His works in Liang Dynasty, especially his poems and Fu during his tenure in Donggong from 19 to 36 years old, are mainly works of Fenghe and Yingzhi. The themes of his poems and Fu are basically in the range of flowers, birds, wind and moon, wine and beauty, singing and dancing, and boudoir utensils. For example, "He Yong Wu", "Feng He Chu Qiu" and "Yuan Yang Fu" belong to the chapters written by the scholars around with the same topic under the leadership of Xiao Gang. This kind of creative activity full of entertainment atmosphere requires the author to adapt to the taste of the court and show his learning and literary talent in the process of entertainment. Yu Xin was "young and handsome, extremely intelligent" and "well read, especially good at the spring and autumn Zuoshi biography", which soon made him as famous as Xu Ling. However, the role of court literature courtiers is not easy to express personal beliefs or sentiments. For example, Yu Xin's poem Fenghe Tongtai temple is in harmony with Xiao Gang's wangtongtai temple. The love for Buddhism expressed in the poem is actually focused on the mood of the crown prince. Therefore, we should not make a simple judgment of Yu Xin's belief in Buddhism. This situation is also applicable to other literary attendants of the eastern palace at the same time. Because of the new changes of Xiao Gang and other human resources, the creation at that time was promoted to compete for novelty and ingenuity, breaking the stereotypes, and opening up the road of the development of Tang poetry and LV Fu. Yu Xin's early creation has made great contributions in this aspect, such as the seven character eight sentence in Wu Ye Ti, whose tone is sonorous, and has basically conformed to the level and tone of the metrical poetry. Another example is that "Yan Ge Xing" expanded the system of seven character ancient poetry, which not only lengthened the length for narration, but also combined with the ups and downs of emotion, changed the rhyme from sentence by sentence to several sentences. Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty and Liu Xizai in Qing Dynasty both recognize his role in his early exploration of poetic form. Yu Xin's literary experience accumulated in the Liang Dynasty includes not only the management of aesthetic form, but also the recognition of aesthetic content. Xiao Yi said: "chant the wind ballad, linger on the lament of the predicate." Yu Xin had the aesthetic taste of "lingering and mourning" in his early stage, and expressed his sorrow with gorgeous words. Yu Xin's later life experience makes this aesthetic pursuit fully realized, so as to achieve a higher artistic level than his contemporaries. The Liang Dynasty was on the verge of breaking up because of the chaos of Hou Jing. Emperor Liang Yuan tried to revive in Jiangling, but he was soon destroyed in the Western Wei Dynasty. Yu Xin was sent to Chang'an as an envoy, but he was not allowed to go back to the South because of the fall of Jiangling. He served in the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. According to the biography of ZhouShu, he "always thought of his hometown though his position was obvious.". He takes the thought of his hometown as a lament, which contains rich ideological content, full of deep emotion, strong and desolate style, and more mature in art. In Xiwei liujueju, Du Fu said: "Yu Xin's articles are old and more mature, and Ling Yunjian's brushwork is vertical and horizontal"; and in yonghuai historic sites, Du Fu commented on his "poems and Fu in old age move Jiangguan", which refers to the characteristics of his later works
Chinese PinYin : Yu Xin
Yu Xin
