Peng Li
Peng Li
Pengli (P é NGL ǐ), namely Pengli lake, was called Poyang Lake in ancient times. In ancient times, Poyang Lake was called Pengli lake, Pengli Ze, Pengze, Penghu, Yanglan, Gongting lake and so on. It was also considered to be a part of Poyang Lake in the southeast of Xingzi County.
Poyang Lake, located in the north of Jiangxi Province, is the largest freshwater lake in China and one of the six largest wetlands with rich biodiversity in the world.
Explanation of words
pénɡlǐ
Peng Li
Pengli lake is the ancient name of Poyang Lake. In ancient times, Poyang Lake was called Pengli lake, Pengli Ze, Pengze, Penghu, Yanglan, Gongting lake and so on.
Peng Li's positive solution
"Chaohu" in Han Dynasty was called "Pengli". In the early days, the lake was wide and the flood and famine were serious. Dayu had been ordered to rule it and made great achievements. There are two records in Shangshu Yugong, which records Dayu's deeds. However, Ban Gu made a mistake when he wrote the book of Han Dynasty, so later generations Zhang Guan and Li Dai gave "Peng Li" to Poyang Lake, which made Chaohu Lake lose its name for a while. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, people renamed "Fuhu Lake".
Peng Li is Chaohu Lake. Zhu Xi, a master of Neo Confucianism who is familiar with the history and geography of Jianghuai River, and Cai Shen, a famous scholar, are the first to identify this mistake. Scholars of the yuan and Ming Dynasties still did not dare to correct Ban Gu's mistake. Li Guangdi, the Minister of the Ministry of officials and the great scholar of wenyuange in the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, further discriminated and declared: "Peng Li is today's Chaohu Lake, and huiyuhui is today's Poyang.". Ji Yun (Xiaolan), the chief editor of Sikuquanshu and co-founder of it, agrees with this statement. In the beginning of Chaohu Zhi edited by Li Enshou, an expert on Chaohu history in Qing Dynasty, he declared: "Chaohu is a cloud of Pengli."
"Peng Li" is by no means Poyang Lake. Modern historical geography and lake research experts have pointed out that in the Han Dynasty, Poyang Lake region was only a river branch swamp, and gradually became a lake in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. Professor Zou Yilin said: "it is not correct to think that ancient Peng Lize is the present Poyang Lake." Professor Wang Yumin confirmed: "in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu mistakenly referred to the Hukou fault area in the south of the Yangtze River as Peng Lize in Yugong in order to understand Peng Li's theory in Yugong. In this way, the name of Gu Peng Li Ze continued to be used. " (Introduction to Chinese Historical Geography)
It is inevitable that Ban Gu made mistakes. Our responsibility is to return the name of "Peng Li" to Chaohu and to reorganize and improve the Chaohu historical archives.
Main ancient names
One is Pengli lake. Pengli is a very ancient name of zesou, the geographical records of Hanshu“
Yuzhang Prefecture
Peng Ze
”Article:“
Peng Lize
In the West
”。 There is another saying:“
Pengzhe Daye, Lizhe,
Gourd gourd
Also.
”Poyang Lake is like a big ladle;
The second is "GONGTING Lake", which originally refers to a part of Poyang Lake in the southeast of Xingzi County. It got its name because there is Gongting Temple beside the lake, and later it generally refers to all of Poyang Lake;
The third is "Yanglan Lake", which is named after some people who have personally experienced the dangerous wind and waves in Poyang Lake. Li Gang's poem "Pengli" says: "it's a legend that Yanglan lake and Zuoli Lake rise like mountains without wind and white waves." The poem "Yang Lan" by song Yujing: "Peng Li has been dangerous since ancient times, and the Tang Dynasty passes through Hou Wei. The source of long clouds floating together, looking at the boundless sky. It's said that it will be in May, and it will be cloudy at this time. The hurricane is born in the corner of the sea, and the rest is choking for thousands of miles. Ten thousand orifices fight with each other and roar with fury. As the thunder roars, the sound of the drum begins to shrill. "
Poyang Lake
It is located in the north of Jiangxi Province
The largest freshwater lake in China
It is also one of the six largest wetlands in the world with rich biodiversity.
Please refer to
Poyang Lake
Encyclopedias.
Early history
Geologically, like yunmengze and Dongting Lake, the Yanshan movement, which originated at the end of Mesozoic 100 million years ago, produced two nearly north-south faults between Mufu mountain, Jiuling mountain and Huaiyu mountain. After Yanshanian, a huge depression graben type lake basin was formed by the collapse between faults. Since the end of the Tertiary period, the lake basin has experienced repeated ascending and descending changes, but the general trend is in the process of ascending. In the upper Pleistocene of the Quaternary, the lake basin presented a plain landform with crisscross river network due to the general land ascending.
In the late Pleistocene, the main channel between Wuxue (now Guangji County, Hubei Province) and Wangjiang of the Yangtze River moved southward to the present Yangtze River channel. 2. The remaining reach in the north of the Yangtze River gradually expanded into a lake and connected with the water surface of the Yangtze River due to the neotectonic tilting and subsidence zone of the Yangtze quasi geosyncline since the Holocene. "Shang Shu Yu Gong": Yangzhou: "Peng Li * Zhu"; guide Jiang: "cross Jiujiang, as for Dongling, east to North will be in the Hui"; guide Yang: "East Huize Ze Peng Li". This is exactly the case.
At that time, after the Yangtze River came out of Wuxue, it was a bifurcated river system, which was called "Jiujiang" in Yugong. The legendary Yu shujiujiang river was to dredge and regulate these bifurcated rivers, so that they could flow into penglize. Sima Qian recorded in the book of Fengchan in historical records that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the south in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), "Fujiang River came out of Zongyang and passed Pengli.". In the Han Dynasty, Xunyang was in the southwest of Huangmei, Hubei Province, and Zongyang, Anhui Province, was on the North Bank of the Yangtze River. so
ancient
Peng Lize
Its range is about the source Lake in the east of Hubei on the North Bank of the Yangtze River and the source Lake in the west of Anhui
Longgan Lake
、
Daguan Lake
And Pohu and other riverside lakes
.
The ancients probably only regarded the ancient penglize as a widened reach of the Yangtze River, so it was difficult for them to understand it《
Literary Expositor
》Among the ten places, there are only Yunmeng and Youqu, but there is no Pengli
. Zhou Li, Lu Shi Chun Qiu and Huai Nan Zi are not recorded.
Ancient Peng Li * is a lake formed by the river's sinks and sinks during the sinking of the Yangtze River. The silt entrained by the branching river system, which is dominated by the Ganjiang River, gradually precipitates along the ridge between the old and new river sections. Finally, it forms a natural dike on the surface of the water, which separates Peng Lize from the Yangtze River and completes the separation of the rivers and lakes during the development of the Yangtze River. By the late Western Han Dynasty, all the branching water systems had "merged into a great river in the East". After breaking away from the Yangtze River waterway, Peng Lize gradually shrinks with the flood and sediment deposition in the flood season every year, and is finally divided into several ponds of different sizes. Ancient Peng Lize was replaced by Leichi and Leishui in the Six Dynasties. Later, it gradually evolved into today's Longgan Lake, Daguan lake and other riverside lakes.
Historical evolution
In ancient times, there were many kinds of appellations such as Pengze, Penghu, Guanting lake, etc. in the long historical period, there was a process of evolution from scratch and from small to large. As far back as the Proterozoic era in geological history, the lake area was a part of the Yangtze trough. During the Yanshan movement about 800-900 million years ago, the crust of the lake area was faulted to form the Poyang Lake Basin. In the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor, "Peng zuoze" expanded southward, and the lake water came into today's Poyang Lake. Before Peng zuoze's large-scale southward invasion, the low-lying Poyang basin was originally a densely populated town. With the continuous southward invasion of the lake, Poyang County and haihun County in the Poyang Lake Basin were successively submerged in the lake, while Wucheng, located at a higher place near haihun County, was becoming more and more prosperous, becoming one of the four ancient towns in the west of the Yangtze River .
In the south of Jiujiang River, Hukou Xingzi great fault watershed subsided with the ascending and descending movement of different fault blocks. The lower reaches of the ancient Ganjiang River converged here and expanded into a larger water area, and connected with Hukou due to the increase of the flood process of the Yangtze River. "Yu Gong" Peng Li Ze in the West. In the Han Dynasty, Yuzhang county was in today's Nanchang City, and Pengze County was 15 kilometers southeast of today's Hukou county,
Eastern Han Dynasty
Ban Gu
For the sake of affiliation《
China's oldest known book of geography
》According to Peng Lizhi, he mistakenly referred to the Hukou fault area in the south of the Yangtze River as Peng Lize in Yugong. In this way, the name of ancient Peng Lize continued to be used.
According to the records of geographical records of the Han Dynasty, Xinpeng Lize in the south of the Yangtze River infers that its southern margin is no more than the yingzikou (also known as penglihukou) to the south of Xingzi, and its maximum width is no more than 10 kilometers. Liyang County of Yuzhang County in the Han Dynasty was located in Siwang mountain (also known as Sishan) in the southeast of today's Duchang County. At that time, it was still a plain area with crisscross river networks. Ganjiang River converged on the Fuyang plain and all the water flowed into penglize from yingzikou. In the book of water, Gan Shui Zhu: "its water always contains ten rivers, which reach the same level and violate the same level, and are all annotated by Peng Liye." Forty miles from the east to the west, the clear lake rises far away, the green waves are clear, and they will be focused on the river. so
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Peng Lize had crossed yingzikou and formed an open water area in the northwest of Duchang County. During the reign of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, it was connected by Poyang mountain, which is also known as Poyang
”。
Tang Dynasty was in a period of high temperature and rainy in Chinese history. The runoff of the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River increased correspondingly. The river water poured into the lake from the mouth of the lake, and the water from the Ganjiang River supported the expansion of Peng Lize. From the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, Fuyang plain was completely reduced to a lake area. It was not only surrounded by the lake water, but also immersed in Poyang County. The eastern boundary of the lake area is between the present Lianhe mountain and Poyang County; the southern boundary is wuzizhai to the south of kanglang mountain; the western boundary is on the line between Songmen mountain and Jishan mountain; the southern end of the lake has two branching lakes, namely, huting lake and Riyue lake. In general, it established the scope and shape of Poyang Lake today.
In the yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the continuous subsidence of the lake area, Poyang Lake gradually expanded to the southwest. Jishan in the front of Ganjiang Delta had already "stood in Poyang Lake", and Tuting lake also merged into Poyang Lake. The lake area extends southward to the North Mountain in the north of Jinxian county. The channel of Riyue Lake draining into Poyang Lake also expands into a north-south belt Junshan lake. In the early Qing Dynasty, the land to the south of Songmen mountain was destroyed one after another, and Songmen mountain became the island mountain in nanerli lake of Duchang County. In the northwest of Jinxian, Qinglan Lake (3), which is second only to Junshan lake, was formed due to the subsidence. The development of Poyang Lake has reached its peak.
The shrinking trend of Poyang Lake since the late Qing Dynasty
Chinese PinYin : Peng Li
Peng Li
