Nian gengyao

Nian gengyao

Nian gengyao (1679-1726, January 13) was born in Huaiyuan, Fengyang Prefecture, Anhui Province. He was a famous general of the Qing Dynasty.

Kangxi 39 years (1700) Jinshi, the official to the governor of Sichuan, Sichuan and Shaanxi governor, Fuyuan general, Jiafeng Taibao, first-class public. He planned strategies and galloped across the battlefield. He cooperated with all the armies to calm down the chaos in Tibet, led the Qing army to quell the chaos in Tibet, and made great achievements.

He entered the capital in 1724, and was favored by Emperor Yongzheng. However, in December of the next year, the situation suddenly changed, and he was killed by Emperor Yongzheng. He committed 92 serious crimes and ordered to commit suicide.

Life of the characters

Early career

Tang Yao was born in 1679 in the 18th year of Kangxi. His father was a young man. He served as the censor of Henan Dao, the Minister of the Ministry of industry, and the governor of Huguang.

Niangengyao had been a scholar since he was a child. In the 39th year of Kangxi (1700), Jinshi was replaced by shujishi and was appointed to Hanlin Academy. He has been an examiners of Sichuan and Guangdong provincial examinations for many times, and has been a cabinet bachelor.

In 1709, he was promoted to governor of Sichuan and became a feudal official. According to the records of yongxianlu written by Xiao Xun in Qing Dynasty, Nian gengyao was less than 30 years old at that time. For Emperor Kangxi's special appreciation and unconventional promotion, Nian gengyao was very grateful. In the memorial, he said that he was "a mediocre fool and a benefactor for three generations", and he must "do his best to repay". After taking office, Nian gengyao soon became familiar with the situation of Sichuan Province and put forward many measures to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages. And he also took the lead in setting an example, refusing to accept the ceremony, "willing to be indifferent, to avoid favoritism.". Emperor Kangxi highly praised his work in Sichuan and hoped that he would "always stick to it and be a good official".

In 1710, in the 49th year of Kangxi reign, Dawei gave birth to fanluodu, who plundered ningfanwei (now Mianning County, Sichuan Province) and killed Zhou Yulin, a guerrilla. Shangming genyao and Sichuan governor Yue Shenglong suppressed Fu. Yue Shenglong led his troops to fight for it and captured Luodu. Nian gengyao arrived at pingfanwei. He heard that Luodu had been captured and returned. Yintai, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, impeached Nian gengyao and delayed military intelligence, so he should be removed from office and ordered to stay in office. In the 56th year of the reign of Kangxi (1717), there was chaos between Yuwei (who ruled the southeast of today's Xichang City in Sichuan Province) and tuqianhuna in puxiong (today's Yuexi County in Sichuan Province). Nian gengyao sent guerrilla Zhang Yu to suppress it.

rapidly go up in the world

Nian gengyao didn't live up to Emperor Kangxi's high expectations. In the war of defeating cewang alabutan, the leader of Junggar, to invade Tibet, he once again showed his outstanding ability to ensure the logistics supply of the Qing army.

In the 56th year of Kangxi (1717), cewang alabutan sent his ministry, celing dundobu, to invade Tibet and kill lazanghan. Sichuan governor Kangtai led his troops out of huangshengguan (now Songpan County, Sichuan Province), mutinied in the army and led the army back. Nian gengyao sent General Yang Jinxin to inform the army. He secretly told Kangtai that he had lost his army and was not available. He asked to go to Songpan to assist in military affairs. As a matter of fact, Shangjia sent dutongfala and his troops to Sichuan to help suppress the enemy.

In the 57th year of Kangxi (1718), Nian gengyao ordered Wen Pu, the commander of the guard army, to garrison in Litang (now Litang County, Sichuan Province), set up an archery furnace (now Kangding, Sichuan Province) to Litang post station, and set up Sichuan garrison. In the reign of Shangjia, Tang Yao was Mingmin in charge of affairs, and the governor was not responsible for supervising the soldiers. He was specially granted to the governor of Sichuan, who was also in charge of the affairs of the governor, commanding the military and civil affairs.

In 1719, Nian gengyao, the 58th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, was prepared to go to Tibet because of the hostile situation. Tingyi took Songpan as an important military force, so that Tang Yao did not lead his troops out of the border and called on Fala to enter the division. Fala led his deputy general Yue Zhongqi to pacify Litang and Batang. Nian gengyao sent Chi Weide, the magistrate, to surrender the leaders of zhaya, chamuduo and chawa.

In the 59th year of Kangxi's reign (1720), he ordered general Yanxin of pingni to lead his troops to Tibet from Qinghai. He granted general Nian gengyao the seal of Dingxi, and joined forces with general Larry. He also asked Nian gengyao who could appoint the governor. Nian gengyao said that he was not allowed to be a member of the army for a while. He asked general Yin Yi and the guard army to take charge of GER Bi, and moved the Fala army to the archery furnace for discussion. Batang and Litang, which were originally under the jurisdiction of Lijiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province, were pacified. The governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Jiang Chenxi, asked them to remain under the jurisdiction of muxing, the prefect of Lijiang Prefecture. Tang yaoyan said that they were the main routes for transporting grain into Tibet and should belong to Sichuan. Muxing and his soldiers came to collect the land and killed the pan chieftain Basang at lapi. Nian gengyao impeached him. Muxing was arrested and imprisoned in Yunnan Province. In August, the two armies of Garbi and Yanxin entered Tibet one after another, and ceringdunduobu was defeated, and Tibet was peaceful. Tang Yao was ordered to protect the victorious troops and call Fala back to the capital. Nian gengyao soon sent troops to pacify Litang, which belonged to shangxiayase and shangxiayani, and Batang, which belonged to sangaba and linkashi.

In the 60th year of Kangxi (1721), Nian gengyao entered the capital. He was granted a bow and arrow by Emperor Kangxi, and was promoted to governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, becoming an important official in the western frontier. In September of this year, the local rebellion in guoluoke (now Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) of Qinghai Province, at the same time of frontal attack, Nian gengyao took advantage of the contradictions between local tribal chieftains, supplemented by the strategy of "attacking the local with the local" to quickly pacify the rebellion. In November of the next year, Fuyuan general and Beizi Yunyi were called back to Beijing. Nian gengyao was appointed to take charge of the military affairs with Yanxin, who was in charge of the printing business of Fuyuan general.

After Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, Nien gengyao was highly depended on, and together with longkeduo, he was called Yongzheng's right arm. Longkeduo is Yinzhen's mother's uncle. He had worked for Yinzhen for many years before he succeeded to the throne. They had a close relationship.

In May of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Yongzheng issued an edict: "if there is any place to dispatch troops or use grain and pay, the Minister of border defense and the governor of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Yunnan, such as TiZhen, should follow Nian gengyao." In this way, Nian gengyao was in charge of all the affairs in the western region. In fact, he became Yongzheng's trusted agent in the front line of the western frontier, and his power and position was actually above Fuyuan general Yanxin and other governors. Yongzheng also warned local officials in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan to follow Nian gengyao's orders. In October of the same year, there was a rebellion in Qinghai Province. The situation in Qinghai was in chaos, and war broke out again in the West. Yongzheng ordered Nian gengyao to take over the position of Fuyuan general. The governor stationed in Xining to command the rebellion.

At that time, Nian gengyao arrived in Xining at the beginning of the year, but the army did not gather. He was informed by Luobu zangdanjin, so he led the army to attack and take Xining directly. Nian gengyao led about ten people to sit on the upper floor of the city without panic. Luobu zangdanzin thought that there was fraud and led the army to retreat. Nian gengyao ordered his soldiers to attack the bandit base. The enemy thought that Nian gengyao had few soldiers and was not on guard. He drove the current team of Tufan in Taitou mountain. When the gun was fired, the dead of Tufan were not counted. When Yue Zhongqi arrived, he directly attacked the enemy's camp, but Luobu zangdanjin was defeated and fled, leading only 100 people to flee.

At the beginning of the second year of Yongzheng (1724), when the final stage of the war came, Nian gengyao ordered the generals to "separate their ways and go deep into their nests". All the soldiers and horses went against the wind and snow, day and night, swept through the remnants of the enemy quickly and won a complete victory. The prestige of Nian gengyao's "Nian Da general" has also shocked the western border and enjoyed a good reputation both in the government and the public.

Yongzheng was overjoyed by the success of pacifying the war in Qinghai, so he gave an exceptional reward to Nian gengyao: before that, Nian gengyao had been granted the third and second class titles for his military contributions in pacifying Tibet and the guoluoke rebellion. This time, he was promoted to first-class public security with careful planning and extraordinary success. In addition, it was awarded to a Viscount, who was inherited by his son Nian bin, while his father Ya Ling was granted the title of first-class Duke, plus the title of Taifu. At this time, niangeng Yaowei town could participate in Yunnan government affairs and become Yongzheng's main confidant in other provinces.

How to meet the king and his ministers

Nian gengyao not only monopolized all the issues concerning the western region, but also was ordered to directly participate in the government. He had the right to report directly to Yongzheng and report at any time the merits and demerits of internal and external officials, the merits and demerits of the state's administration of officials and the people's livelihood. He also often participates in consultations on major issues between the DPRK and China.

On the appointment, removal and personnel arrangement of important officials, Yongzheng frequently exchanged views with Nian gengyao and gave him great power. In the area under the jurisdiction of Nian gengyao, all civil and military officials were appointed according to Nian's advice. In April of the first year, Yongzheng ordered fan Shijie to act as governor of Shaanxi Province. Soon, he wanted to change his position to practical teaching and transfer the former governor to minister of the Ministry of war. Yongzheng discussed this appointment with Nian. On another occasion, when Yongzheng was "ambivalent" in arranging military officials, he consulted Nian gengyao and asked him if he would transfer Shaanxi officials to other provinces and use "you are willing to give up" and ask him to "play according to the actual situation and act according to your request". Yongzheng also frequently solicited opinions on the use of officials outside Sichuan and Shaanxi.

After Qinghai was pacified, Yongzheng wrote in Zhu Pi's memorial to Nian gengyao: "I will learn from your true feelings. I miss you very much, and I have some court affairs to discuss with you." When Nian gengyao came to Beijing, he dealt with the military and national affairs together with Prime Minister Ma Qi and long Keduo. Yongzheng also made him "convey the will and write the imperial edict" because he was "able to announce my words". Nian gengyao has become the Minister of prime minister affairs.

Yongzheng's personal relationship with Nian gengyao was also very good, and he was given special honor and favor. Yongzheng thought that it was lucky to have such a feudal official as Nian gengyao. If there were more than ten people like him, the country would not worry about bad governance. After calming down the rebellion in Qinghai, Yong was excited and regarded Nian as his "benefactor". He also knew that it was against his dignity to say so, but he couldn't help saying it. In order to pass on Nien Tang Yao's evaluation for a long time, Yongzheng also asked all generations to remember Nien Tang Yao's great achievements, otherwise they would not be his descendants and subjects: not only do I rely on my family members for commendation, but my descendants and all subjects should be happy. If there is a little negative intention, it will not be my descendants; if there is a little different intention, it will not be my courtiers and people.

At this point, Yongzheng's trust in Nian gengyao has reached the point of no more than one, and the kindness he received has been matched by few ancient officials. In October 1724, Nian gengyao came to Beijing for an audience and was awarded the title

Chinese PinYin : Nian Geng Yao