cui

Choi

The surname Cui, one of the Chinese surnames, is also one of the surnames of Han, Korean and other nationalities. The surname Cui of Han nationality mainly comes from the surname Jiang. The ancestor is Jiang Taigong, the ancestor is Shennong of Yan Emperor, and Linzi (Zibo) of Shandong Province is the birthplace of the surname Cui. The Cui surname of the minority nationality was changed from Han nationality to Han nationality.

The surname Cui reached its peak in the southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and ranked 189th in the Song Dynasty edition of the Hundred Surnames. In today's China, surnames rank 58th, with a large population of about 4.2 million, accounting for about 0.35% of the Han population. Today, the surname Cui is especially common in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other provinces. The above six provinces account for about 60% of the population with the surname Cui. Overseas distribution is mainly in the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam. Celebrities in the past dynasties include Cui Zhuan, an upright official, Cui fan, a writer, Cui yuan, a calligrapher, Cui Shi, a political commentator, Cui Hao, a poet, and Cui Hu.

Historical development

Origin and development of surnames

originate from

Surname Jiang

It comes from the fiefdom of Jizi, the eldest son of Duke Ding of Qi in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It takes the name of the fiefdom as its surname.

Ding Gonghe, the son of Jiang Shang, was the second generation monarch of Qi State in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He had a legitimate son named Jizi, who should have inherited the throne of Qi state according to the etiquette system. However, Jizi gave way to Jiangde (known as Uncle Yi in the history, that is, Jiangde, Duke Yi of Qi), and he ate in the feudal land of Cuiyi. Among the descendants of Jiang Jizi, there are those who take the name of the ancestral fiefdom as their surname. They are called Cui family. It has been handed down from generation to generation for more than 3000 years. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Shang, the grandson of Yan Emperor, was enfeoffed as Duke of Qi for helping King Wen and King Wu to destroy Shang and build Zhou. When it came to the Duke of Qi Ding, Jiang Jizi, a legitimate son, should attack the Duke, but he gave way to Uncle B. After uncle Yi succeeded to the throne, Feng Jizi gave Cui Yi (now cuiba village, Weiqiao Town, Zouping County, Shandong Province) to him as a food city. Since then, Jizi's descendants have lived in Cuiyi. Later, Jizi's descendants took the name of Shiyi Cui as their surname, which has developed into today's Cui surname.

ethnic minority

The ancestor of the surname de

The ancestor of Cui's surname: Cui Jizi

It is said that the Shennong family of Emperor Yan was the son of Shaodian, and got the surname Jiang because they lived on the Bank of Jiangshui (a tributary of Weishui). In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, his descendants had the surname of Lu Shang, whose name was Ziya. He was granted the title of Qi (now the northeast of the mountain) because he helped King Wu to destroy the Shang Dynasty. The son of Jiang Taigong was the Duke of Qi Ding at the time of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty.

Ji Zi's name is Dexing, and his birth and death are unknown. Yan Emperor's 56th grandson, the fourth son of Duke Ding of Qi. After Ding Gong died, Ji Zi should succeed to the throne. But Jizi was benevolent, virtuous, filial and fraternal, and gave up the country to Uncle Yi. Ji Zi and his family lived in seclusion in Cuiyi, a beautiful city. Later, they took the city as their surname, and their descendants took the surname Cui. It is called "the ancestor of Cui family" in history. The descendants of the other branch of Duke Ding of Qi took the surname "Ding" as his surname. Therefore, Duke Ding of Qi was the ancestor of the two surnames "Cui" and "Ding".

Note: Ji Zi was ranked by "Bo Zhong Shu Ji" in ancient times, and "Ji" should be four, so Ji Zi ranked fourth among brothers. However, it was born by Zhengfei, so the throne should be passed on to Jizi. Shuyi ranks the third among the brothers, but because he is the elder brother of the common people, there was a difference in status between the di and the common people in ancient times.

Migration communication

The Cui surname originated in Shandong. Ji Zi's posterity has always been a doctor of Qi Guoqing. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Cui Yiru, a descendant of Jizi, was a senior official of the state of Qin (now Xianyang, Shaanxi Province), and was granted the title of Donglai marquis. Cui Boji, the eldest son, was the Donglai Marquis of the Western Han Dynasty. He lived in the East Wucheng of Qinghe (now the northeast of Qinghe County in Hebei Province, or the west of Wucheng County in Shandong Province). Later, he was divided into Yanling (now Henan Province), nanzu, Qinghe Dafang, Qinghe Xiaofang, Qinghe qingzhoufang and other branches. His second son Cui Zhongmou lived in Anping (now Hebei Province) of Boling, and later divided into such branches as anpingfang, Dafang, the second room and the third room of Boling. Cui family can be said to have a prominent family and a prosperous population, so there are two prefectures, Qinghe and Boling.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when warlords were fighting, cuiji, the governor of Pingzhou, led his people to avoid living in Korea, and later developed into a large family in Korea. In the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, the Cui surname was still famous for its noble family status and large family. According to historical records, in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Cui surname ranked first among the northern scholars, so it was listed as the first-class surname of "Cui Lu Wang Xie". According to the new book of Tang Dynasty, the prime minister's genealogy table: "Cui Yin (the eighth grandson of Cui Boji) has seven sons. The eldest son Cui Shuang is the East ancestor, the second son Cui Han is the West ancestor, and the third son Cui Yu is the South ancestor, also known as the middle ancestor. Cui Yu's fourth generation, sun Cuilin, Wei Sikong and Anyang Xiaohou, great grandson Cui Yue, former Zhao situ, Zuo Changan and Guan neihou, had three sons: Hun, Qian and Zhan. Cui Wei, the grandson of Cui Zhan, was the governor of Yingzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He lived in Xingyang (now Henan Province) and was named Cui family of Zhengzhou. " In the Tang Dynasty, there were as many as 27 officials with the surname of Cui (23 people were listed in the new book of the Tang Dynasty, the genealogy of prime ministers, and four people were added in the book of collation). This shows that the status of Cui in the Tang Dynasty is very prominent. In this period, Cui's surname was mainly distributed in the north, and it was found in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu.

During the song and Yuan Dynasties, many Cui families moved to Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places. In the early years of Ming Dynasty, there were immigrants of Cui surname from Shanxi Province. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Cui family members moved to Eastern Liaoning, mostly living together with the Korean people. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were also people living in Southeast Asian countries.

In short, after the Tang Dynasty, although the Cui family name had moved one after another, it was still a northern family name.

Today, the surname Cui is especially common in Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other provinces, which account for about 60% of the population of the Han nationality in China. Cui is the largest surname in China, with a large population, accounting for 0.28% of the Han population.

Most of Cui's family migrated to Taiwan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially after the surrender of Zheng's group, which occupied Taiwan during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty set up a government and set up a county in Taiwan to attract southeast coastal residents to Taiwan for reclamation, so as to develop and build Taiwan. Most of the Cui family members who live in Taiwan have moved from Guangdong and Fujian provinces, and they are now distributed all over Taiwan.

In 1949, after the liberation of the mainland, some members of the Cui family moved to Taiwan with the Kuomintang. Among them, Cui Shuqin, Cui chuiyan, Cui Baicheng and others were more famous.

In addition, some members of the Cui family migrated to Hong Kong and Macao in modern China.

Since the end of Ming Dynasty, some people surnamed Cui in the southeast coastal provinces have traveled abroad to make a living and settled in foreign countries. The overseas Cui family mainly lives in today's Korean Peninsula. The Cui family, together with Li and Pu, is one of the most important family names in the Korean Peninsula. For example, Choy's genealogy of Choy's family in Shuoneng, Korea, has three parts, one volume of general catalogue, nine parts of Choy's family, and four volumes of Korean bronze characters in 1913. Cui Tianlao and Cui Shanfu are the forefathers of the genealogy. It is divided into three parts: A, B and C, and each part is divided into upper and lower parts. In the center of the last volume, the general catalogue of Cui's genealogy in shuoming is engraved, which contains the biography and epitaph.

population distribution

Cui family is a multi-ethnic and multi-source surname group. It ranks 58th in the list of surnames. It belongs to the family of big surnames, with a population of about 4.2 million, accounting for about 0.35% of the total population of the country.

In the pre Qin period, someone surnamed Cui was a senior official of the state of Qi and lived in Shandong. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Cui developed rapidly and became a big family in Hebei Province. Taking this as the source, the surname Cui moved around. Most of the people who wanted to find their ancestors had to go to Qinghe and Boling in Hebei Province. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the Cui surname was an official. From the Wei Jin to the early Tang Dynasty, according to the family name, the Cui family ranked first, and even the Li family, the national family name, was inferior to the others. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, there were 12 prime ministers from the Cui family of Qinghe and 15 from the Cui family of Boling. After the Song Dynasty, the Cui family name was more widely distributed, and it entered Taiwan in the early Qing Dynasty.

During the Song Dynasty, there were about 370000 people surnamed Cui, accounting for 0.48% of the national population, ranking 43rd. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi, which account for about 54% of the total population of Cui, followed by Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces. At that time, the Central Plains of Henan, Hebei and Qin were the gathering centers of Cui family.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 350000 people surnamed Cui, accounting for about 0.38% of the national population, which was the 66th largest surname in the Ming Dynasty. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangxi and other provinces. The Cui surname accounts for about 73% of the total population of Cui surname. The population of Cui family migrated from north to Southeast in China, and two population gathering areas of Cui family were formed in the north of Shandong, Henan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces, and the south of Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces.

Nowadays, the population of Cui surname has reached more than 4.2 million, which is the 58th surname in China, accounting for about 0.35% of the total population. Since the Song Dynasty, the population of Cui family has declined in 1000 years. The distribution of Cui family in China is mainly concentrated in Henan, Shandong and Hebei provinces, accounting for 42% of the total population of Cui family. Secondly, it is distributed in Liaoning, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Jilin, Anhui, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Another 50% of Cui's surnames are in these ten provinces. This shows that a large number of Cui family members have set foot in the southernmost tip of our country. During the 600 years since Ming Dynasty, the migration of Cui family from southeast to North and central China was very strong, and the number of Cui family in Northeast increased rapidly.

Cui is one of the most common surnames in North and Northeast China.

The distribution frequency of Cui's surname in the population shows that: in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Heiji, Liaoning, most of Inner Mongolia, most of Shaanxi, the eastern end of Gansu, and the northern part of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu, the proportion of Cui's surname in the local population is generally more than 0.6%, the central area is more than 1.4%, the above coverage area accounts for about 25.4% of the total land area, and about 71% of Cui's surname people live. In most parts of Gansu, Ningxia, southern tip of Shaanxi, central and Western Inner Mongolia, northern Sichuan and Chongqing

Chinese PinYin : Cui Shi