Cui Zizhong

Cui Zizhong

Cui Zizhong, who died in 1644, was a painter of the Ming Dynasty. His first name was Dan, and his word was Kaiyu. His name was changed to Zizhong, and his word was Daomu. His name was Beihai, and his name was Qingzhu. He was a living member. He once visited the gate of Dong Qichang, and Li Zicheng died on hunger strike after conquering Beijing.

brief introduction

Personal profile

Cui Zizhong, a painter of Ming Dynasty, was originally named Dan. His name was changed to Zizhong and his name was Daomu. His name was Beihai and his name was Qingzhu. Liang Qingbiao's preface to Huapu also wrote Daowu. He was born in 1574 and died in 1644. Originally from Beihai (Laiyang City, Shandong Province), he moved to Shuntian (Beijing). His good friend Liang Qingbiao called Cui Zizhong in his preface to xiyingxuan painting manual, which was compiled and engraved by Cui Zizhong: "when the Apocalypse came, he was born in the reign of Wanli." He also said that "the change of Jiashen, walking into the earth room, died.".

Cui Zizhong is a patriotic painter who lives in shuntianfu (now Beijing) and once studied with Dong Qichang. After Li Zicheng's troops of the peasant uprising army stormed into Beijing, they hid in their secret room and starved to death for lack of food. He is good at painting figures, ladies, themes, paintings and legends of Dover, which is quite ancient. At that time, he was as famous as Chen Hongshou, known as "South Chen and North Cui".

Zhou Liang's work

Zhou Lianggong recorded that he was "sick for 50 years, but few of them died.". Later, he was attacked by the bandits and sneaked away from the poor alleys. When he was born around the 22nd year of Wanli (1594), according to the records of calligraphy and painting and the collection of Shenzhou Guoguang and other historical records, Cui Zizhong's paintings cover a wide range of aspects, including characters, landscapes, flowers and birds. However, with the characteristics of characters, he and Chen Hongshou are called "South Chen North Cui". He used paper or silk for his paintings. There was no definite number, or it was a scroll, a medium album, or a fan. It seemed very casual. His contemporaries Kong Shangren said in the book of enjoying Gold: "Cui Zizhong of Laiyang is called green worm, and the characters are called unique skills. If a man wants his painting, he will not. The wall of Shanzhai Buddha often has Yan. Then he died of starvation. Each of them has his own little praise, and his words and paintings are all Confucian (see art series I, Volume 7). Zhou Lianggong's selected book of calligraphy and shadow said: "among the painters who work on Buddha statues, Ding Nanyu and Wu Wenzhong should be the first. When the two emperors touch their eyes, they will feel compassion. If they want to meet someone, they will be followed by their clothing patterns, stopping points and appearance. Chen zhanghou and Cui Qingci are not famous for their statues of Buddhas. Their statues of great men are also successful. They want to pursue Daozi far away and surpass Ding Wu. If Zheng Qianli's generation were to write, they would have the spirit of craftsmanship and not be serious enough. " (see page 237 of the fourth volume of the first collection of Fine Arts Series) in Cui Zizhong's painting and calligraphy, Kong Shangren called it "the brush and ink of Confucianism", while Lianggong belittled Ding Nanyu, Wu Wenzhong, Zheng Qianli and other figure painters to improve the painting status of Chen and Cui. Although there is something questionable, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he has been able to imitate the ancients, and the source of the brush should be learned everywhere, not from a certain school The wild fox Zen is lifeless in the painting world, especially in landscape painting. From Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty, who advocated literati painting, to Siwang and Wu Yun in Qing Dynasty, he promoted landscape painting to an unprecedented level. In contrast, figure painting is not valued. In this case, people value Chen Laolian and Cui Zizhong, and call them "South Chen and North Cui", which is of special significance.

be good at

In the history of painting, it is said that Cui Zizhong was "good at painting figures, and he was famous for his works in the Tang Dynasty. The color of the line drawing can bring forth new ideas. It is as famous as Chen Hongshou and is called "South Chen North Cui". This kind of comment is almost practical. When you look at the inscription, you may think that it was painted by Chen Hongshou. Liang Qingbiao, his good friend, compiled and engraved the painting Manual of xiyingxuan for him after his death. His character modeling and expression method are very similar to those of Chen Hongshou's leaves of the marshes. Therefore, there is a saying of "South Chen and North Cui". They are similar in painting style, but they can't replace each other. They both take figure painting as their main specialty and have equal social reputation, but they have their own characteristics. Chen Hongshou's works are full of talent and beauty, while Cui Zizhong's works are simple and unadorned. According to Liang Qingbiao, in his later years, Cui Zizhong "stopped in the mountains, but Du menyao swept" through historical records. Every time he met a zhongkaoqi Festival figure, a righteous envoy, a heroine, a painting image, and a biography, although it was called self entertainment, he could also play the role of "being incorruptible and cowardly". Moral, meritorious, speech, and portrait were collectively known as the four immortal works. Because of his great emphasis on conception, he was highly praised by the literati and painters at that time. Cui Zizhong is good at expressing historical themes, and especially likes to paint romantic affairs of literati. His paintings, such as the painting of a jade girl in the clouds, the painting of Su Shi Liudai, the painting of Tongyin Bodhisattva, the painting of linchi, and the interpretation of Luohan Daoshi, are all figure paintings, and all of them have their origins. The themes are not necessarily new. However, because of his innovative conception of painting, he adds more or less his own things to make them new works, It's also good to see. Tibetan cloud painting is a model of this kind. This painting is mainly about characters, with mountains and rivers as its background. The description of mountains and rivers serves to depict characters. It can be seen from the title of the painting that the painting was painted by the same ancestor Xuanyin. In the painting, there is a cloud, which shows the unreal place of the dense clouds in Wushan mountain. "You can't distinguish the vegetation, walk under your feet, and you can't see the front and back of the traveler. It is said in history that Li Qinglian entered the earth peacefully, filled the bottle and stored the thick clouds. When she came back, she would drink the fresh spring and lie in the white clouds In the picture, Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, sits cross legged on a four-wheel oval chassis car and walks slowly along the mountain road. Li Bai looks up and stares at the clouds above his head, with a relaxed and natural manner. One child takes a rope on his shoulder to pull the car, and the other takes a bamboo stick on his shoulder to guide him. In the specific performance, the pattern of his clothes is described in detail with trembling pen, which is changeable, folded but not stagnant, trembling but not scattered. It highlights the soft texture of the clothing materials and the momentum of drifting with the wind. He has a strong sense of Qi and a lively look, which can be described as a family of his own.

Main achievements

evaluate

Cui Zizhong spared no effort to praise the hermit gentleman in history, which is not only the tortuous expression of his outlook on life, but also the true reflection of the desperate and depressed psychological state of the literati in the late Ming Dynasty. Although he lived in the "capital" and in the downtown area, he lived a life of hardship and inaction, which was very reclusive. Because he lacked Tao Yuanming's living conditions and refused to serve his new host, he had to starve to death. He is not aware of the time, but he is arrogant and arrogant. He was born at the wrong time and died unjustly.

The evaluation of "being aloof and arrogant but not vulgar"

The evaluation of "being lonely and arrogant but not vulgar" is well deserved, but at the cost of the end of life, the sacrifice is not great. In history, Boyi and Shuqi starved to death in Shouyang mountain because they didn't eat enough millet, while Cui Zizhong, because of his lack of talent and arrogance, would rather starve to death than sell his paintings to mediocre people who didn't know what to do. He would rather die on his bed than accept the help of rude people. Finally, with his own life, he made another famous work of Li and Tang Dynasties, the painting of picking Wei.

Representative works

"The painting of cangyun", "the painting of night banquet in Apricot Garden", "the painting of jade girl in the cloud" and so on.

Cui Zizhong (about 1595-1644), also known as Dan, has the name of Daomu and the name of green earthworm. He was born in Pingdu, Shandong Province, and was born in Shuntian (Beijing). (1) He is a famous master in the history of Chinese painting. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was as famous as Chen Hongshou (Chen Laolian) in the south, and was also known as "South Chen and North Cui".

According to the existing materials about Cui Zizhong, the earliest and the most abundant one is Zhou Lianggong's yingshuwu Shuying in Shunzhi period of the early Qing Dynasty. The materials of Zhou's claim are quoted from "Wang Jingya's claim" and "Qian Yushan's claim". Note: Wang Chongjian (Jingya), a native of Wanping (Beijing), was a student member of shuntianfu with Cui Zizhong. In the early years of Chongzhen, he participated in the activities of "fushe" organized by Jiangnan literati (see Volume I of biography of fushe surnames compiled by Wu Shan, which goes straight to shuntianfu in the North). In the 16th year of Chongzhen, he was a Jinshi in the imperial examination. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he became an official of the Ministry of rites, and his posthumous title was Wen Jian. Qian Qianyi (Yushan), a native of Changshu, was a leader of Donglin Party in the late Ming Dynasty. In the 11th year of Chongzhen's reign, he was once acquainted with Cui Zizhong because of his crime in Beijing. The article "Qian Yushan Yue" quoted from Shuying is Qian's book "biography of poetry anthology of liechao · Cui Xiucai Zizhong". Zhou Lianggong, a native of Xiangfu (Kaifeng), Henan Province, was a Jinshi in the 13th year of Chongzhen, and was appointed as the magistrate of Weixian county. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he became a minister of the Ministry of household affairs. He is a famous scholar, collector and connoisseur of calligraphy and painting in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.

According to the book, Cui Zizhong, a native of Pingdu Prefecture in Shandong Province, was born in Shuntian (Beijing). When he was a young scholar, he failed to pass the imperial examination for several times because he was not qualified for the eight part imperial examination.

Cui Zizhong was well-known in the painting world when he was middle-aged. He lived in a humble courtyard in the southern suburb of Beijing. "The earth wall of the gate of Piper is clean and clean. It's brown in winter and Ge in summer." he has high crown straw sandals and grows flowers and fish. He doesn't know how poor he is. "Wife cloth clothes sparse clothes, stride Mian operation", two daughters "also solution read". When it comes to prosperity, they are happy to show their paper and brush their hair. Their wives and daughters "can light and dye their colors", and the four members of the family "share pleasure with each other by rubbing and instructing each other.". Sometimes, they give their favorite works to a few of their friends, but "if ordinary people buy them with gold and silk, they will turn around even though they are poor and hungry.". (the same is true of "Qian Yushan Yue"). Cui Zizhong was a lonely man who was willing to be poor. He admired and imitated those ancient refined people who were beyond the world. "At that time, many dignitaries turned over their official positions, and Cui ran away from them.".

Dong Qichang, a master of calligraphy and painting, a literary leader in the late Ming Dynasty, commented on Cui Zizhong: "people, literature and painting are not seen in modern times.". Qian Qianyi called him: "to describe the Qing Dynasty and ancient times is not like modern people." Qian's comments on Cui Zizhong's paintings are: "Mu Gu, Lu

Chinese PinYin : Cui Zi Zhong