Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC) was a poet and statesman of Chu state during the Warring States period. At the end of the Warring States period, a native of the state of Chu, lepingli (now Quyuan village, Quyuan Township, Zigui County), was born in Zigui, Danyang (now Yichang, Hubei Province). The surname of MI is Qu, whose name is Ping and the word is original, while the name is regular and the word is Lingjun. The offspring of Qu Xia, the son of Xiong Tong, King Wu of Chu. In his youth, he was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by King Huai of Chu, and served as Zuo Tu and San Lu's doctor, also in charge of domestic and foreign affairs. He advocated "the United States administration" and advocated the internal appointment of talents, the cultivation of laws, and the external resistance against Qin Dynasty. Because he was ostracized and slandered by nobles, he was exiled to the north of Han Dynasty and Yuanxiang River Basin. After being conquered by Qin army, Yingdu of Chu state sank to Miluo River and died for Chu state.
Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in Chinese history and the founder of Chinese Romantic literature. He is the founder and representative writer of "songs of Chu". He has opened up the tradition of "fragrant grass beauty" and is known as the "ancestor of songs of Chu". Song Yu, Tang le and Jing Chai, the famous Fu Writers of Chu, are all influenced by Qu Yuan. The emergence of Qu Yuan's works marks that Chinese poetry has entered a new era from elegant singing to romantic originality. His main works include Lisao, Jiuge, Jiuzhang, Tianwen, etc. Chuci, which is mainly composed of Qu Yuan's works, is one of the sources of Chinese Romantic literature. Chuci, represented by Lisao, the most famous chapter, and Guofeng in the book of songs are both called Fengsao, which has a profound influence on later poetry. It has become a bright pearl in the history of Chinese literature. Qu Yuan's spirit of "seeking" has become a noble spirit believed and pursued by later generations of people with lofty ideals.
In 1953, on the occasion of the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the world peace council adopted a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four world cultural celebrities commemorated that year.
Life of the characters
Early experience
On the seventh day of the first month of the 29th year of King Xian of Zhou (340 BC), Qu Yuan was born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu state, on the 14th day of the first month of the 30th year of King Xian of Zhou (339 BC). The next year, Ju lepingli.
In the 39th year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty (330 BC), Qu Yuan lived in lepingli. As a child, he became addicted to books and read many and miscellaneous books.
In the 40th year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty (329 BC), he lived in lepingli. Although Qu Yuan was born into a noble family, he was very sympathetic to the poor people because he lived among the people since he was a child and had a good influence from his family. Since then, he has done a lot of good deeds to show sympathy for the people at a young age, and won the praise of everyone.
Show your talent
In the 48th year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty (321 BC), the Qin army invaded the territory of Chu. Qu Yuan organized the young people of lepingli to fight hard. On the one hand, he condescended to educate the young people, on the other hand, he skillfully used various tactics, tactfully and courageously dealt a heavy blow to the enemy and showed his extraordinary talent.
In the first year of King Zhou Shenliang (320 BC), in March of mid spring, Qu Yuan went to Beijing at the call of King chuhuai. In this year, he was the county magistrate in Ezhu.
In 319 BC, Zhou Shenliang was promoted to zuotu, King Huai of Chu. In the late autumn of this year, Qu Yuan was sent to Qi for the first time.
In 318 BC, Zhou Shenliang was busy with the internal and foreign affairs of Chu. Chu, Wei, Zhao, Han and Yan joined forces to attack Qin, and Qu Yuan followed the army.
Political reform
In the fourth year of Zhou Shenliang's reign (317 BC), Qu Yuan was busy with political reform, making and issuing various laws and regulations.
In the fifth year of King Shenliang of Zhou Dynasty (316 BC), he continued to carry out reform and struggle against the old aristocracy and all stubborn forces.
In the sixth year of King Zhou Shenliang's reign (315 BC), the political reform was carried out in depth, and the people's hearts were boiling; the situation of Chu changed greatly, and the old nobles were facing the fate of destruction.
Slander and neglect
In the first year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (314 BC), Qu was dismissed as an official of zuotu and was appointed as an official of Sanlu.
In the second year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (313 BC), Qu Yuan was exiled to Hanbei area for the first time. Zhang Yi of the state of Qin broke the alliance of Chu and Qi, and King Huai of Chu launched his army to attack Qin twice, but they were defeated by Qin. Hanzhong county was occupied by the enemy, which is called "the battle of Danyang" in history.
In the third year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (312 BC), the state of Chu sent troops to fight back against the state of Qin, and lost in Lantian (today's Lantian area in Shaanxi Province). King Huai of Chu re commissioned Qu Yuan and sent him to the state of Qi in order to make the two countries form a new alliance.
In the fourth year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (311 BC), in the fourteenth year of gengyuan of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty, he conquered Zhaoling of Chu. King Huiwen was willing to give half of Hanzhong to Chu and form an alliance with Chu. King Huai of Chu wanted Zhang Yi more than the land in Hanzhong. Zhang Yi came to the state of Chu and was released to the state of Qin because she bribed Jin Shang with a lot of money and got advice from Zheng Xiu, the favorite concubine of King Huai of Chu. When King Huiwen of Qin died, King Wudang stood. Qu Yuan sent an envoy to the state of Qi. When he came back to the state of Chu, Zhang Yi had already left. Qu Yuan admonished King Huai and said, "why don't you kill Zhang Yi?" Huaiwang regretted that he sent someone to chase Zhang Yi.
In the fifth year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (310 BC) and the first year of King Wu of Qin Dynasty, Zhang Yi left the state of Qin for the state of Wei because she was not satisfied with King Wu. Qu Yuan was still a doctor of Sanlu. Realizing that he had been cheated by Zhang Yi, King Huai adopted Qu Yuan as Qi envoy out of a temporary expedient. When Qu Yuan came back from Qi, he was alienated by King Huai of Chu.
In the sixth year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (309 BC) and the second year of King Wu of Qin Dynasty, King Xuan of Qi wanted to be lengthy. He hated the cooperation between Chu and Qin, and sent an envoy to leave the book of King Chu. King Huai hesitated to give advice to Sui, so he didn't agree with Qin, and he was good at Han. Qu Yuan could not take part in the government, and most likely through Zhao Sui and other ministers Dun Huai Wang He Qi.
In the seventh year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (308 BC), in the third year of King Wu of Qin Dynasty, Gan Mao took Han Yiyang. Qu Yuan lived in Yingdu and set up an altar for teaching.
In the 17th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (298 BC), King Zhao of Qin sent troops out of Wuguan to attack Chu. He beheaded 50000 people and left and right 15 cities.
Exile Hanbei
In the 11th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (304 BC), Quyuan wanderer North (above Hanjiang River, now Nanyang Xixia and Xichuan in Henan Province). The combination of Qin and Chu is contrary to Qu Yuan's plan, but the treacherous person must be slandered and avoid the north of Han Dynasty, so there is a sense of no return.
In the 13th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (302 BC), the Allied forces of Qi, Wei and South Korea attacked the state of Chu. King Huai of Chu sent Prince Heng to the state of Qin as a hostage and asked Qin to send troops to rescue him. King Qin ordered Keqing to lead his troops to save Chu and repel the Allied forces of the Three Kingdoms. The next year, a doctor of the state of Qin and Prince Heng were killed because of a private fight. Prince Heng was afraid of King Zhao's blame and fled back to Chu. This made the relationship between Qin and Chu worsen and led to the frequent attacks of Qin on Chu. "Qu Yuan hated King Huai of Chu for listening to the slander of villains, which blinded the correct language by untrue language. These rumors would damage the interests of Chu state and could not be tolerated by founder people. Therefore, Qu Yuan wrote Lisao in melancholy."
In the 16th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (299 BC), Qu Yuan had returned from his exile in the north of Han Dynasty. Together with Zhaoju, he urged King Huai not to attend the meeting, saying: "Qin, the land of tiger and wolf, is not credible, it's better to have no action." But the young son of King Huai, Zilan, was afraid of losing the favor of King Qin, and tried to encourage King Huai to go. As a result, as soon as he entered Wuguan, he was detained by the Qin army and robbed to Xianyang, threatening him to cede Wujun and Qianzhong Jun. King Huai of Chu was robbed to Xianyang. Chu returned from Qi, Prince Heng became king Qingxiang, and son Zilan was his commander. He refused to cede his land to Qin. Qin sent troops to attack Chu, defeated Chu army, decapitated 50 thousand and took 16 cities.
Banish Jiangnan
In the 19th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (296 BC), King Huai of Chu died in the state of Qin. The state of Qin sent his body back to the state of Chu for burial. Therefore, the princes thought that the state of Qin was unjust. Qin and Chu broke up with each other. Qu Yuan was removed from the position of Sanlu doctor and exiled to Jiangnan. He set out from Yingdu, first to Ezhu, and then to Dongting.
In 295 B.C., Qu Yuan arrived in Changsha, where the former king of Chu had been granted the title. He visited the mountains and rivers, and was deeply moved by his attachment to the state.
In the 22nd year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (293 BC) and the 6th year of King Qingxiang of Chu Dynasty, the state of Qin sent Bai Qi to attack Korea in yique, and achieved a great victory, beheading 240000. The state of Qin then sent a letter to the king of Chu, saying: "the state of Chu betrayed the state of Qin, and the state of Qin was ready to lead the vassals to attack the state of Chu and decide the outcome. I hope you'll have a good fight. " He also pointed out that the reason why King Huai finally died in another country was that "the so-called loyal were unfaithful, while the so-called sage were not virtuous.".
From 294 B.C. to 279 B.C., Qu Yuan was exiled to the south for the second time. According to the analysis of nine chapters on mourning Ying, the route of this exile started from Yingdu (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), went down the river to the southeast, passed xiashou (now Southeast of Shashi, Hubei Province), Longmen (East Gate of Yingdu), entered the Yangtze River through Dongting Lake, then left Xiapu (now Hankou, Hubei Province), and finally reached Lingyang (it is said to be south of Qingyang County, Anhui Province). During the 16 years, he wrote a large number of excellent literary works, such as "nine chapters: sad return wind" and so on.
Auto investment in Miluo
In the 35th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (280 BC) and the 19th year of King Qingxiang of Chu Dynasty, Qin general Sima attacked Chu by mistake, and Chu ceded Shangyong and the northern part of Han Dynasty; in the second year, Qin Baiqi attacked Chu and took evil, Deng and Xiling.
In the 37th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (278 BC), Baiqi further conquered the capital of Ying, so King Qingxiang of Chu had to flee together with the ruling nobles to "protect Chencheng (now Huaiyang county of Henan Province)". In a state of extreme depression and complete despair, Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on May 5 of the lunar calendar. this
Chinese PinYin : Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan
