Xu Shidong

Xu Shidong

Xu Shidong (1814-1873) was named "Dingyu" and "Liuquan" by scholars. Due to the ranking of 13, it is also known as Xu 13. It is called danchan and Danzhai, and it is also called Xihu waishi. Zhejiang Yinxian (now Ningbo Yinzhou District) people. He was a famous book collector in Qing Dynasty.

In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846) of the Qing Dynasty, the candidates failed to take the examination after they went to the meeting twice, and then they were awarded the cabinet letter by paying. In order to study the classics diligently, we should give priority to the theory of pre Qin heritages and explain the classics with the study of classics. His works are based on ancient poetry and prose. He searched for documents and engraved six records of the Ming, song and Yuan Dynasties. In 1868, he opened the Bureau of Yinxian annals, which was presided over by him. He imitated the biographical style of the National Museum of history, annotated the cited documents, ranked and written them. It took 12 years to complete Yinxian annals.

Profile

He loved reading all his life and paid attention to collecting books. He built Yanyu building in the west of Yuehu and collected 60000 volumes of books (destroyed by fire in the second year of Tongzhi). In his life, he collated a lot of documents, especially local documents. He collated and engraved six records of the Ming Dynasty in the song and Yuan Dynasties, examined the differences and corrected the errors, and wrote collation records of six records of the Ming Dynasty, so that the six records could be handed down to later generations. He also compiled the notes of poems and essays in the old records of the Ming Dynasty, and wrote the anthology of yanyulou and the anthology of yanyulou poems. He once dominated the literary world of Siming for more than 30 years, and later he became more and more handsome. Tongzhi seven years (1868), was hired to preside over the Bureau of Yin county annals, made an extraordinary start, holding the outline. In order to make use of his own collection, he moved to Shuibei Pavilion, a new residence outside the west gate the next year. He borrowed more than 1000 kinds of books from Baojing tower, the site of Yuecheng neilu, and the 8000 volume building of Dingbing, Hangzhou. He imitated the biographies of the National History Museum, and noted the source of the records. In the next five years, he was seriously ill and would die. He took charge of Dong Pei's work. He solemnly appointed each other with his own affairs, and did not talk about private affairs. It was published three years later. He was eager for justice, set up Yizhuang, set up Yixue, funded the construction of Dongjin floating bridge and Sanqiao qizha, etc. Shuibei Pavilion, located in Huachi lane, is a key cultural relic protection unit in Haishu District. Today, the South Garden of Tianyige was moved to become a collection of local records of China. He searched for documents and engraved six records of the Ming, song and Yuan Dynasties. In 1868, he opened the Yinzhi Bureau, which was presided over by him. From the beginning, he always held the outline, to the discussion, he and his colleagues were appointed separately. The next year, he moved the bureau to his home to make full use of the books collected by his family. He also borrowed books from famous fellow book collectors Lu and Ding in Hangzhou to collect hundreds of books. Imitating the biographical style of the National Museum of history, the cited documents were annotated and written in parallel. It took 12 years to complete the Yinxian annals.

Life of the characters

Xu Shidong is also known as Xu shisan because he ranks 13th. His name is danchan and tanzhai. His other name is Xihu waishi and Liuquan. Xu Shidong often uses this number when he communicates with friends or collects paintings and calligraphy, so scholars often call it Mr. Liuquan. Zhejiang Yinxian (now Ningbo City) people.

According to Xu's genealogy, he "first came out of the late Yan Dynasty, and moved to Taiwan from Quzhou in the Guanghua period of the Tang Dynasty, then moved to the south of the Song Dynasty, and then moved to the Ming Dynasty from Taiwan, so he was born in Yin county." As for where he moved to Yinhe, Xu Shidong said to himself, "I came to yinminglou from Tiantai. The house of yinminglou is not to be examined. The rest of Dadun Tianfeng bridge and Xinqiao remains today."

His father Xu Taimao, known as Mr. Guilin, is famous for his righteous deeds in the countryside. He has built bridges, roads and temples for more than 20 places in his life. Therefore, some people call him a righteous man and have six sons. Xu Shidong is his third son.

Xu Shidong was born in the 19th year of Jiaqing. He was born on November 25, 1814. He was smart and brilliant since he was a child. He wrote four volumes of xiaoshaoji and died on November 8, 1873. He was 60 years old. In the 26th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, he was elected to the imperial examination in Beijing twice. He failed to succeed in both examinations, so he was determined to forge ahead and kept his door shut. He was appointed as the Secretary of the cabinet in order to lose his salary. There are many libraries in it. At first, it was Yanyu building. It has a very rich collection of books. "I read them as much as I can, and I never go there since dawn. (1) the origin of the classics in Qin and Han Dynasties and even in modern times does not contain the eyes. (2) the ancient people are well versed in thinking, and their theories are based on the theory of the pre Qin Dynasty, and the classics are interpreted by the classics, and the scholars are cited as the evidence. (3) he is good at textual research, good at historical theory and good at six arts.

He wrote more than 30 kinds of works in his life. He is famous for his ancient prose (5). He has 40 volumes of anthology and 18 volumes of Poetry (6). His six volumes of Shangshu Yitang Shi Kao are highly praised by scholars, so that later scholars will mention his last work when they mention Xu Liuquan.

Xu Shidong once studied in Chongben academy, the hometown of yindadun. He liked calligraphy and was good at five styles. He was especially good at cursive writing. He was proficient in writing and could write a thousand words at will. His elegant face was also pleasing to the eye. Some of the calligraphy works handed down today have been listed as national cultural relics.

Dong Pei, his friend, said: "he is gifted, knowledgeable, sensible, and good at discussing. He is outstanding in his own family. ⑺”

Xu Shidong loved to collect books all his life. After many frustrations, he was determined. There were only three libraries. There are also nearly 20 seals used in book collection, such as "Xu's collection seal of Yanyu tower in ancient Ming state", "Xu Shidong's hand school", "Yanyu tower", "Xu shisan", "Chengxi thatched cottage", "Xu Shidong's secret book", "Liuquan", "Liuquan's glance", "Liuquan's calligraphy and painting", "Shuibei Pavilion" and so on.

Character achievement

He was intelligent and eager to learn when he was young. He had a thousand volumes of letters at home, but he didn't have enough to read them. Daoguang 26 years (1846) in the election, after the two examinations are not the first, to lose pay to the cabinet secretary. From then on, he "looked down upon the secular imperial examination learning with disdain", angrily read and devoted himself to writing. "Fifty seven year old portrait" says: "in the past 40 years, there has been no accident, and I have never had a day's inheritance.". "When I was wonderful, I had the ambition to write. When I was in the spring, I didn't come back from my home. I collected four books of 60000 volumes in Yanyu building in the west of lake. I read them all night. I kept watching the lights of Mr. Wu Gu for the people living in the lake. I waited for the lights to go out in the morning and the light to come out in the morning."

In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), the collation work of song, yuan, Siming and six annals, which he devoted most of his efforts to, was basically completed and began to be re engraved. In the first year of tongzhi (1862), he moved to ximenwai, Ningbo, and changed the name of the library to "Chengxi thatched cottage". However, on November 29 of the following year, the library and books were destroyed by a fire. In June of the third year of tongzhi (1864), a new house was rebuilt at the former site of Caotang in the west of the city. The new building was named "Shuibei Pavilion" and Chen Mai's calligraphy plaque (destroyed)

In the seventh year of tongzhi (1868), Yinxian Kaizhi hall compiled the local records, and was employed to compile the local records. "It is the responsibility of all colleagues to make a general case, hold the outline and discuss it." The next year, in order to make use of his books for compiling records, the bureau moved to Shuibei Pavilion. He also went to Ningbo Lushi Baojing building, Hangzhou Ding's 8000 volume building and other places to borrow books, widely collected, carefully examined and checked, "collected hundreds of kinds of rich and complex", "imitated the biographies of the National History Museum, annotated and cited, ranked and written, so it took 12 years.". In November 1873, when he was 60 years old, he became ill from overwork. He took charge of his good friend Dong Pei on his deathbed. In order to make records, he said, "it's important to entrust each other seriously, but it's not enough to talk about private affairs." in the next year, the records were completed and published in the third year of Guangxu.

Xu Shidong was eager for justice. He set up Yizhuang to develop Yixue, built Dongjin floating bridge, and built three bridges and gates. He was able to break up in case of trouble and win by his righteous deeds.

Yanyu tower

At present, Xu Shidong is the first and the longest used library. Because Yanyu is one of the ten scenic spots of Yuehu Lake in the county, its library is named "Yanyu building". It has a collection of 100000 volumes and can be read as much as possible. Most of them came from the "Er Lao Ge" of Zheng Xing in Cixi, followed by fan e Ting, Qiu Xue min, Hu Lu Ting and other ancient book collectors. In the late years of Xianfeng (1861), due to the war disaster, the collection of "yanyulou" was stolen, burned, and there was little left.

Development process

Yanyu building was originally named Lianhu bookstore. It was founded by his father taimaogong in February 1823, the third year of Daoguang reign in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, his father "changed his former residence, created wuzhixuan and established Lianhu bookstore.". (8) Xu Shidong wrote a poem: "my hometown was originally named civilization, and the high pavilion was built near the lake. Good at writing local style, Lu Zhongfu, the sound of reading in the green poplar. ⑼”

In the old days, there were ten continents (furongzhou, Liuting, Xueting, fangcaozhou, juhuazhou, yuedao, Huayu, Songdao, Yanyu and Zhuyu) in Yuehu, Ningbo. The name of Yanyu building is because the book building is located in Yanyu island of Yuehu, Ningbo.

When did Lianhu Bookstore change its name to Yanyu building? Some scholars believe that it was in 1847 that Xu Shidong failed in his second meeting in Beijing. After returning to Ningbo from the capital, he decided to give up his fame and concentrate on collecting books and writing, so he changed the name of the bookstore from "Lianhu bookstore" to "Yanyu building". However, according to my research, the time of renaming should be from the death of his father taimaogong in 1829 to 1834. When Xu Shidong was 21 years old (i.e. 1834), he was still called Lianhu bookstore when his friend Xu Xiaolong wrote a preface to his family tree. In the same year, Xu Shidong had already seen the word "Yanyu Lou" in his genealogy. Therefore, the time of renaming will never be later than 1834, nor earlier than 1829, which is quite different from 1847.

Yanyu building is now located at NO.48 Gongqing Road, Ningbo City. It faces west from East. It is a two-story brick and wood structure building, simple and fragrant with books. According to the map of Yanyu tower drawn by "Yuehu Xu family ride", there were Yuehu academy and Tianyi Pavilion in the north, Wenchang Pavilion in the East, and the beautiful Yuehu Lake in front of the library, which was an ideal place for scholars. Xu Shidong has a special reading room in Yanyu tower, which is called "Shenqing room". It is said that it was named after "Shenqing room" with an ancient bronze seal. In the poem "sixty rhymes" given to Xu Shidong by his good friend He Lin, there is also a sentence: "ascend the Yanyu tower and enter the Shenqing room".

In 1854, Xu Shidong printed his carefully collected four Ming and six annals of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties

Chinese PinYin : Xu Shi Dong