Yin Jiaquan

Yin Jiaquan

Yin Jiaquan (1711 ~ 1782) was a native of Boye (now Hebei) in Zhili. The son of Yin Hui Yi. In the first year of Qianlong (1736) of the Qing Dynasty, Ju Ren was appointed the head of the Ministry of punishment, and later he was promoted to a doctor, an official to the chief minister of Dali temple, and the inspector general of Jueluo school. He asked Emperor Qianlong to read Zhu Xi's "primary school" for the second time, which won Qianlong's approval. After that, Yin Jiaquan added a few volumes to primary school, added one volume to textual research, one volume to interpretation, one volume to orwen, and two volumes to houbian, and combined them into a complete collection of primary schools, which was praised by Qianlong.

In March of 1781, Emperor Qianlong visited Baoding. Yin Jiaquan, who had returned home from his official career, sent his son to present a memorial to his father Yin Hui. He asked for his posthumous title and offered it to Confucius Temple. He got Zhu's approval: "posthumous title is a national canon. How can we ask for it in vain? This memorial should be used as a punishment for the crime. Since you are a father and son's affair, you should be exempted from it. If you don't live in peace, you'll be guilty! " Yin Jiaquan, however, added another book and insisted on applying for his father's posthumous title, which made Qianlong angry. Zhu commented, "I'm barking wildly. I can't forget it." That is to say, remove the headgear, lock it up and hand it over to the Ministry of criminal justice for trial. It will be a capital crime and then be exempted from death. At the same time, his hometown and residence in Beijing were checked, 93 kinds of works were destroyed, 6 kinds of books with prefaces and postscripts were destroyed, and 7 pieces of inscriptions were destroyed.

Personal introduction

"Primary school" is Zhu Xi's children's education textbook, which mainly contains words and deeds in line with feudal morality. There are six chapters in total, the inner part includes: establishing religion, Minglun, Jingshen and Jigu; the outer part includes Jiayan and Jiaxing. On the basis of the supplement of the book, the book adds one volume of textual research, one volume of interpretation, one volume of orwen, and two volumes of houbian.

Personal life

Since then, Yin Jiaquan regarded himself as a famous Confucian. In 1781, Yin Jiaquan retired and returned to Boye, Hebei Province. In April of that year, Qian Long traveled west to visit Wutai Mountain and returned to Baoding. Yin Jiaquan was determined to take part in the reception ceremony to flatter him. However, there was no imperial edict to summon him to the throne. Yin Jiaquan had an idea. Thinking of his father Yin Huiyi, he drew up two memorials: one was to ask for his posthumous title, and the other was to worship him. With the emperor's permission, he would not only gain a reputation as a filial son, but also take advantage of the opportunity to make a splash. So he sent his son to send the memorial to his posthumous address and stay at home. Emperor Qianlong saw the memorial that his son had sent for him and asked for his father's posthumous title. Unexpectedly, Emperor Qianlong was annoyed, and Zhu commented: "it's unforgivable to bark wildly!" So he ordered that he "be handed over to the Ministry of criminal justice for trial and be given a heavier punishment", and ordered to check Yin Jiaquan's works in the capital and his family home.

University scholar Yinglian checked Yin Jiaquan's family property in Beijing, and found 311 sets of books, 1539 loose books, a cabinet of unbound books, 65 copies of calligraphy album, 58 volumes of broken calligraphy and paintings, 113 letters in a package and 1200 bookboards. Yuan Shoudong, the governor of Zhili, also found out that Yin Hui, the father of Yin Jiaquan, had one ancestral hall. Besides sacrificial utensils, there were 84 mu of sacrificial fields and one hectare of YiXueTian. On behalf of his father-in-law, Mr. Yin Jiaquan presented 52 ancestral halls. In addition, 46 boxes of books were found and sent to Beijing for inspection.

At the same time, several serious and cautious scholars of the Imperial Academy together with him made a detailed survey of the Yin family's collection of books, so as not to leave out the possible paradox. It took them half a month to review all the books.

Yin Jiaquan was a famous Taoist at that time. He not only had a rich collection of books, but also wrote more works than ordinary scholars and bureaucrats. There are more than 80 kinds of books written and compiled by him, and there are more than 90 kinds of books annotated or prefaced by him. These books are the focus of review by Yinglian and others, from which more than 130 rebellious words were found.

For example, Yin Jiaquan called his father Yin Huiyi and Zhang boxing the "four sons of Confucius" and called the death of his parents "Hong"; the first volume of the book "follow Wang Cao to choose words" says: "filial friends in later generations are rarely used in the world, that is to say, it is difficult to use the world to establish themselves"; and "today's officials are not the ratio of eight, but they live in every official's place and hope for success.". In the second volume of the same book, there is a saying: "Gu Buwu gives lectures in the name of Jia Chao, and he does not avoid giving lectures in order to avoid calamity"; in Li xiaonu's twilight, it is recorded that a woman is over 50 years old and is still waiting for words. His wife, Li Gongren, sent a matchmaker to take Yin Jiaquan as his concubine, but he was refused. According to Ting Shan's last words, he once dreamt that he was the successor of Mencius and that he was still in his infancy after Confucius' lineage;

He called himself "the old man of rare antiquity" in the records of the words and deeds of famous officials. At that time, Qianlong wrote a royal poem in the 45th year of Qianlong at the age of 70, and called himself "the old man of rare antiquity"“

Ancient and rare

”And engraved a "rare old man" chapter, Yin Jiaquan so claimed to be guilty of taboo.

In Sui Wang Cao, there are some words such as "to enter the imperial examination is the same as that of the common people", which is regarded as slandering the imperial examination. In the same book, there is also a saying in "talking about friends" that "if the teacher's teaching is weak, can you respect him alone?" At that time, Emperor Yongzheng once wrote "on the clique", and Yin Jiaquan's remarks were considered to be against the emperor. Because Yin Jiaquan's action in the national ceremony greatly angered Emperor Qianlong, he issued orders more than once to punish him severely. Responsible for the case of University scholar three treasure and others dare not neglect. After arriving in Beijing, Yin Jiaquan was interrogated on March 28. After 17 trials, Yin Jiaquan could not but pleaded guilty one by one.

At that time, it was not easy to be a man, but it was not easy to be a slave. Even if you were careful and loyal all your life, if you had any mistakes, you would be killed. As for the determination of the accusation, it is often due to the "good guidance" of the interrogator. Sometimes, the interrogation seems to only mention some unimportant and trivial things, but the conclusion drawn from it can often kill people. From the logic and reason at that time, it seems to be a matter of order. This can be seen clearly from Yin Jiaquan's confession at that time.

Q: in jinsilu, written by Yin Jiaquan, Tang bin, Lu Longqi, Zhang boxing and your father Yin Huiyi are called "four sons" and what they say is called "four sons' posthumous letters". Can Tang bin and other four compare with Yan Hui, Zi Si, Zeng Shen and Meng Ke? Is it not arrogant that your parable is so high?

Confession: I usually heard that Tang bin and others were of good character, and they all wrote books giving lectures, so I collected some of them and made them into jinsilu, and attached my father's works to it, which is called "four sons' posthumous letters". In fact, how could they catch up with Yan Hui, Zi Si, Zeng Shen and Mencius? I'm always arrogant and confused. Q: in the genealogy of Yin's family you wrote, there are such words as "zongmiao", "zongqi", "Jianmiao", "rumiao", etc. can this word be used by ministers? What's more, in your mother's stanza, you call mother's death "Hong". How can these words be commonly used? Don't you know?

Confession: I used the words "zongmiao", "zongqi" and "Hong" when my mother died, but I didn't mean to violate it. I borrowed the letter pen because it was in the ancient books. I didn't think about it. I'm always confused. Damn it, there's no argument. Q: in your book jinsilu, there is a saying that "when you see that the straight road is hard to empty, you want to tell him to go back to the south, but it's fruitless." Wait a minute, isn't that slander?

Confession: this "straight road is hard to tolerate" refers to the disagreement with Fu Tai adults, not dare to slander the current politics. However, if these statements are loaded in vain, they will be damned. What's the argument.

Q: in your book jinsilu, it is said that "the world is full of worries, but the situation is not enough." Now, in the holy world, people's feelings are all up to standard. What's wrong? What do you mean by that?

Confession: what I said was originally a general statement. Now the emperor knows the secret of the people, and there is nothing wrong with it. My two words are not about the current situation, nor do they mean anything else. However, the false comments in my book are my damnation. What's the argument.

Q: do you know the emperor's holy intention when you write the record of words and deeds of famous officials? There are no treacherous officials or famous officials in our court? Why do you list people like aobai, Gao Shiqi, Xu Qianxue, ertai, Zhang Tingyu who were once denounced by the emperor or who could not perform their duties as famous ministers? From actual supply?

Confession: in the book of words and deeds of famous ministers, the ministers of our Dynasty were collected from generation to generation. Although the words were not written by myself, it was absurd to include ertai, Zhang Tingyu and others. I shouldn't judge the life stories of people in this dynasty, such as ertai and Zhang Tingyu. Who doesn't know, but I'm confused to list them together. Today, under the emperor's instruction, there are no treacherous officials or famous officials in my dynasty. Right or wrong, I can't escape the lessons of Shengming cave. I wake up like a dream. I regret that I made this book before. I really should die, and now it's all right.

Q: there are some words in your book the biography of a sick man, such as "if you want to be a teacher of the emperor", etc. What kind of person do you dare to rely on yourself as a teacher of the emperor? Don't you know the weight and want to be a teacher? What is the heart of such arrogant words? According to the facts!

Confession: I use the word "the emperor is the teacher" because there is a sentence "learning this is the teacher of the emperor" in the biography of Zhang Liang in Hanshu. At that time, Zhang Liang often called himself ill. Therefore, in my book the biography of a sick man, I added some quotations, not daring to call himself ill. However, it's just like I compare myself with my master to quote these words. I'm really confused. What's the point.

Q: in the genealogy of Yin's family, there is a saying that "the secret play is not recorded". When your father Yin Hui was a resident official, what kind of secret play was there besides the example play? Can you tell from the facts?

Confession: since my father Yin Hui was an official, there has been no secret play. Because I wanted to be respectable when I published the genealogy, I put my father's normal life on the list as usual

Chinese PinYin : Yin Jia Quan