Song Defang

Song Defang

Song Defang (1183-1247) was born in Yecheng, Laizhou (now Yexian County, Shandong Province). Although song Defang was not born in Shanxi, he mainly lived in Shanxi and spread Quanzhen Taoism in Shanxi. His religious theory and practice were an integral part of the culture of the three Jin Dynasties.

brief introduction

Song Defang was a Taoist from Liu Changsheng when he was very young, and then he was a teacher of Qiu Chuji. He was one of the 18 people who traveled west with Qiu Chuji to meet Genghis Khan in 1220. After returning from his journey to the west, he stayed with Qiu Chuji at Changchun palace in Yanjing (today's Beijing) to serve as a reference for the sect. In the ninth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1237), he followed his teacher Qiu Chuji's will and instructions and came to xuandu temple in Pingyang. He was in charge of publishing xuandu daocang. He personally experienced Guanzhou (now jingle county), Shangdang, Taiyuan, Jinnan and other places in Shanxi Province. He collected the lost works and published them for nearly ten years. He also opened the nine Yin cave in the holy mountain of Laizhou, established the Taoist View of speech, became an influential Taoist master, and was honored as the "master of heaven". In 1244, when the work of xuandu daozang was completed, it was named "xuandu Zhidao Zhenren". In 1270, 23 years after his death, he was awarded the title of "xuantonghongjiao Piyun immortal". He is the author of two episodes of Yuequan.

Life of the characters

Qingxu master song Defang was born in Yecheng, Laizhou. Our ancestors are known for their good deeds. When he was born, his family was full of auspicious light. At that time, he was born on August 1, 1183. He was only able to speak and read. He was able to understand and memorize. Those who knew him said that he had learned by nature. On the 12th year of the year, he asked his mother, "is it possible to avoid death? Mother said: you ask immortal Liu Zhenren to go. Liu Zongshi explained to the military officer, so he went tomorrow. At the first sight of Chang Sheng, AI Qi's elegant style and extraordinary voice were inspired by his righteous method. As a teacher, he was instructed and nurtured day and night. He did not begin to rest a little. Later, he got to spend time in Yuyang and became a Taoist. Chang Sheng Xian went to Changchun Master Yu Qixia. Confucian classics and Taoist classics, such as Yi, Lao, Zhong Yong, Da Xue, Zhuang, lie and so on, are especially good. Although poetry, books and history are not related to each other, we can't hide the beauty of the new day by taking its exhaustive learning, practice, tacit knowledge, bright insight, and moving with it. In the first month of Geng Chenchun (1220), Emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty sent Liu Zhonglu to Changchun on the coast of the East China Sea. He chose to serve 18 people, one of them. Return Yan, live in Changchun palace, it is time from Changchun, all bow hard, teacher alone calm, to Qinshu self entertainment. There are comments on Changchun, Changchun refused to say: you don't mind, this person has helped Zong Yijiao's career, you can't reach. Changchun also taste private, said the teacher: your fate should be in the southwest. The disappearance of teacher's words and Taoist Scriptures is a matter of recovery. Changchun said: this matter is very big, but I have no time to do it at the same time. He was still granted the piyunzi. And the emergence of Changchun, Qing and Si Dian teaching affairs, so that the teacher to point out the door, every move, without bias and regulation, internal and external flow are convinced. Hu Tianlu, the great prime minister of Guisi (1233), was on a trip to the east of Taihe river. He asked the Lord to do the ceremony. Jiawu (1234) tour of Taiyuan Xishan, the site of the ancient Haotian temple, there are two caves, are road like Yan Cun, wall between the "Song Tong" two words. Division repair for three years, the palace towering, Jinbi Danyi. Ding you (1237) returned to the charge of Pingyang Jiaoshi because of the xuandu Guansi and the words of "I will not have time to take charge of the great events of Sutra collection in the future" and "your fate should be in the southwest". Private thoughts, Changchun King's power to deify the fate of heaven, is the first to know. If there is a word in the first place, it should not be in the second. So he and his family tongzhenzi, Qin Zhian, and so on, conspired to spread the wood. Hu Gong, the prime minister, was pleased to hear about it, and poured a thousand taels of platinum into it as the founding fee. That is to say, tongzhenzi was given to the xuandu Temple of Pingyang, and the whole event was completed. He also opened the Jiuyang cave and built temples in the holy mountain of Laizhou, from Yan to fan in the Qin and Jin Dynasties. Xin Chou (1241) will bury Chongyang in Zuan. Guimao (1243) came to Yongle Town from Gantang to pay a visit to Chunyang temple. Seeing that it was desolate and narrow, he called together the abbots of Taoism. After that, though Mr. Li asked chaoming to build the building, he was the master. Jiachen (1244) spring to Zhongnan ancestral court should be prince wide end King Jiao affairs, Jiao unexpectedly granted "xuandu Dao immortal" number. At that time, he had already broken his hand in the Sutra collection and lived in the snow hall. He met and talked with the elder Su De in Japan. Ding Wei (1247) one day on October 10 in winter, he took a bath and changed clothes to show that he died of a slight illness in the Daihe pavilion where he lived. There were five seasons in spring and autumn. He was buried in the palace. He wrote poems and articles in his life, which said that "two episodes of Yuequan" was popular in the world. In the winter of Wushen (1248), the disciples moved the coffin and buried it in Chunyang palace, Yongle Town, Hedong. At the age of Gengwu (1270) in the Yuan Dynasty, in March of spring, the imperial edict was to present "the immortal Piyun of tongxuan Hongjiao". In the third year of Zhida (1310), "xuandu zhidaochong civilized immortal" was given.

Promoting the development of Taoism

Taoism came into being in the Han and Wei dynasties and developed greatly in the Tang and Song dynasties. In the whole Tang Dynasty, except for the period when Wu Zetian changed the Tang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, which stipulated that Buddhism was above Taoism, the other emperors highly praised Taoism, and they all baited Taoist Jindan. In this way, Taoism almost became the national religion. Jin was the place where Li, Tang and Five Dynasties flourished, where Taoism was quite popular. There are also many Taoist temples. Taoism in Song Dynasty continued the prosperity of Tang Dynasty. Taoism in the Yuan Dynasty was divided into two schools: Quanzhen Taoism (north school) and Zhengyi Taoism (south school). Quanzhen Taoism is also known as Quanzhen religion. It was bred by Wang Chongyang in Zhongnan mountain of Shaanxi Province and started in Kunyu Mountain of Shandong Province. Its famous disciples include Ma Yu, Tan chuduan, Liu chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong and sun Buer (female). It is historically known as the north seven truths of Quanzhen Taoism. Quanzhen Taoism was spread all over the north by these seven famous Taoists.

Founder of Longmen school

Qiu Chuji, whose name is tongmi, was born in Qixia (now Shandong Province) of Dengzhou. At the age of 19, he worshipped Wang Chongyang as a teacher in Kunyu Mountain, became a monk, and was the founder of Longmen school. Later, he returned to his hometown Qixia to preach and build Taixu temple. He was regarded as the most powerful and solemn in the Oriental Taoist forest, which attracted the attention of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty and the respect of the dignitaries. The song, Jin and Mongolia fought for the north and the Central Plains. The three emperors of song, Jin and Mongolia vied with each other to accept him. The emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty and Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty called each other one after another, but Qiu Chuji refused to leave. In the winter of 1219, the 14th year of emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan was in charge of the western regions. He sent envoys from Naiman state to invite him. Qiu Chuji resolutely responded to his orders. The next year, he led his disciples song Defang and other 18 people to go there. In 1222, the 17th year of emperor Taizu of Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan received Qiu Chuji, song Defang and other teachers and disciples in Daxueshan. Genghis Khan greatly praised Qiu Chuji and gave him the title of "immortal" and "great master". At the request of the provincial government, Hou Qiu Chuji went to live in Taiji palace in Yanjing (later changed to Changchun Palace), and was given Taiye pool in Wanshou mountain (later changed to Wanshou Palace). Genghis Khan also gave him a golden tiger amulet to take charge of the world's affairs and freely exercise privileges. Thus, Changchun palace became the center of Taoism in the north, and Quanzhen religion reached its peak. At this time, song De Fang Zheng, as a disciple of Qiu Chuji, was engaged in Taoist activities in Changchun palace and was a prominent figure. The personal relationship of song Defang is as follows: Wang Zhe Chongyang Qiu Chuji Changchun song Defang Piyun Qin Zhian Tongzhen.

contribution

The publication of xuandu treasure by song Defang is not only his most important achievement in his life, but also his most important contribution to Chinese Taoist culture. The engraving of Taoist classics began in the Five Dynasties, and the whole collection of FUKAN was in the Zhenghe period of Huizong in the Song Dynasty. Jingban, which was engaged in politics and Taoism, still existed in the Jin Dynasty, but it was no longer available. In the first year of Mingchang (1190) of emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty, sun Mingdao published the treasure of the great Jin xuandu. In the second year of Taihe (1202), Tianchang temple in Yanjing was destroyed by fire, and jingban was burned. At the end of Jin Dynasty, Taoism was mostly destroyed by fire. In the early Yuan Dynasty, due to the formation of a unified situation in the whole country and the heyday of Quanzhen Taoism, the top figures of Taoism were preparing to compile and engrave Taoist classics. When Qiu Chuji was alive, he once said that "he had no time, and song Defang would be in charge of it in the future". After Qiu Chuji died, Yin Zhiping, the real person in the Qing Dynasty, was the leader of Quanzhen sect. He arrived in Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi Province) in September 1235, the seventh year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty. Song Defang, who lived in Pingyang, led the public to carve Scripture plates. With the help of Qin Zhian and he Zhiyuan, song Defang collected and collated the inscriptions collected by Guanzhou (now jingle County, Shanxi Province). There was a Taoist collection in Guanzhou in the Jin Dynasty, which was the treasure of the great Jin xuandu. The Taoist collection here was not destroyed at the end of the Jin Dynasty, and song Defang compiled the yuan collection accordingly. The compilation of xuandu daocang by song Defang began in the ninth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1237) in the year of Dingyou, and ended in the third year of emperor Mazhen of the Yuan Dynasty (1244) in the year of Jiachen. Together with the preparation stage, "it has been ten years all the time, never tired, three caves of Lingwen, and the title is finished book", which has been highly appraised and greatly influenced.

Poetry works

The rain and the water. Sigh bosom friend, the world can be several. Zhongnan thousands of miles, the haze also go back, old cloud dusk. Besides, what luggage do you have. Letian light, quiet family style, a Lingtai Yingru wash. The best part is the teacher. Work hard and fight back the capricious ghost. There is a magic sword of three feet hidden in the box. The thunderbolt sounds and the fire dragon flies. There is nothing wrong with the peace of the world. It's just a smile and pride among the white clouds. Fame and fortune, do not believe in longevity, run to the world. Seven golden lotus flowers. Since the Gan River, you can break it at leisure. Qiu Liu, Tan Ma, sun Wang, Hao Taigu and Xu Lai sat together. The two real couples in felt are more leaky and the grandmaster is causal. Blooming jade pistil, thousands of Qi Fang, incense full of human Ruiyan lock. Tianyuan Jiazi had a rest. We are celebrating the birth of the immortals. Quanzhen is deep and abstruse. You should forget people and me. After the branch, there were 19 families living in dantai

Chinese PinYin : Song De Fang