Wan Yanyong

Wan Yanyong

Wanyanyong (March 29, 1123 - January 20, 1189), male, Jurchen nationality, whose real name is wanyanwulu, was born in Huining County, Huining prefecture (now Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province). The fifth emperor of the Jin Dynasty (October 27, 1161 - January 20, 1189) was the grandson of wanyanmin, the emperor Taizu of the Jin Dynasty, and the son of wanyanzongfu, the emperor Ruizong of the Jin Dynasty. His mother was Li, the queen of Zhenyi.

When wanyanliang, the king of Hailing, attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, he thought Liaoyang house in Tokyo was left behind, and later he was held as emperor. After Jin Shizong ascended the throne, he quelled the Qidan uprising in the north, repelled the northern expedition of Longxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and signed the Longxing peace agreement, which opened a peaceful situation for more than 40 years between the two sides and pushed the Jin Dynasty into the track of peaceful development. In terms of internal affairs and economy, Jin Shizong was diligent and thrifty, selected virtuous officials, paid less attention to taxes and agriculture, and respected Confucianism. What is more praiseworthy is that Jin Shizong was very simple, did not wear silk dragon robes, so that the Treasury of Jin Dynasty was full, the peasants also lived a well-off life, and the world was well-off, realizing the prosperity and prosperity of "Dading heyday". Jin Shizong was also known as "Xiao Yao and Shun". In the aspect of culture, we paid attention to the old Nuzhen customs, failed to fundamentally reverse the decline of meng'anmuke system, and ignored the threat of Mongolian nomads in northern Mongolia, leaving a huge hidden danger.

Dading 29 years (1189) died at the age of 67, posthumous title Guangtian Xingyun Wende martial arts Saint Ming Renxiao emperor, temple name Shizong, buried in Xingling. Emperor Tai sun Wan Yan Jing ascended the throne.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Wan Yanyong's father Wan yanzongyao (originally known as Zongfu) was the third son of Wan Yana, the king Taizu. Wan Yan Zongyao was more intelligent. When Wan Yan a Gu was leading the troops, Wan Yan Zongyao often planned in the strategy. He advocated that the Han system was different from the killing policy of Wan Yan Zonghan.

In 1135, Wan yanzongyao died. At that time, Wan Yanyong was only 12 years old. His mother, Li Hongyuan, was born in Bohai, Liaoyang. She was smart and capable. In his childhood, Jin Shizong was mainly brought up by his mother. According to the custom of Yijin, after the husband's death, the wife should marry the clan. Li was unwilling to accept this backward custom and became a nun in Liaoyang. Wan Yanyong is very big, quiet and intelligent, and good at riding and shooting. When he was young, every time he went hunting, many old people followed him to watch, admiring his riding and shooting skills. "Chinese people put it first.". He was generous and often fought with his uncles. All the soldiers respected him very much. In the reign of emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty, Wan Yanyong was granted the title of King Ge as the Minister of the Ministry of war.

Self insurance crisis

In the later period of wanyanyu's reign, Emperor jinxizong often drank too much and killed his senior ministers. Only wan Yanyong was better. When Yan Zongyao attacked the Song Dynasty, he got a white jade belt used by the emperor of the Song Dynasty as a family heirloom. Wan Yanyong cherishes it. Wan Yanyong's wife, Wulin Dashi, said to him, "this jade belt is not what the Palace should have, it should be dedicated to the emperor.". Wan Yanyong felt that her words were reasonable, so he dedicated the white jade belt to Wan Yanyu, which won the favor of Wan Yanyu's mourning queen and the trust of Xizong.

At the beginning of wanyanliang's accession to the throne, wanyanyong sentenced Huining (now the south of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province) to be a herdsman. Soon after, he was sentenced to a large number of official duties and changed to stay at home in Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning Province), and later to stay at home in Yanjing (now Beijing), Jinan Fu Yin, Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi Province). Wan Yanyong was a civil and military man with high prestige among the Nuzhen nobles. The king of Hailing was very worried about him and often transferred his official position. Wulin also advised Yan Yong to offer more treasures to the king of Hailing, so as to dispel his suspicion and avoid being killed. According to his wife's words, Wan Yan Yong gave some treasures to Wan Yan Liang, such as Liao Gu Jian Xi peima, Tu Hu Liang Yu Tea Ware and so on. Wan Yanliang thinks that Wan Yanyong is afraid of him, and is very obedient to him. His suspicion is slightly relieved.

Later, Wan Yanyong was appointed to stay in Tokyo, and WAN Yanliang made Wulin's family enter Beijing as a pledge. Knowing that Wan Yanliang's lustful Wulin's family had to go to Beijing, he committed suicide 70 miles away from Zhongdu. Before his death, the wulindas left wanyanyong a dead letter, which is called shangshizongshu in history. She implored her husband not to be "a child" because of her death, but to "rest on one's salary and taste one's gall", to "cultivate morality and political integrity, uphold discipline, recruit heroes and please the people", and to "seize the throne and settle the world in anger" Wan Yanyong suffered humiliation and gave up his love for his wife and hid his grief. He did not show any resentment towards Wan Yanliang. He didn't go to the place where Wulin Da's family died, but he just wanted his servants to bury them on the spot. The deep hatred of robbing his wife and forcing him to death was hidden in his heart, which made Wan Yanliang let Wan Yanyong go. However, he still sent his confidant Gao cunfu to stay in Tokyo to watch him.

Ascend to the throne as Emperor

In the sixth year of Zhenglong (1161), Wan Yanliang mobilized a large number of troops, material resources and financial resources to attack the Song Dynasty in the south. As a result, "the people were trapped, food and clothing were not given," and "the people were unbearable, and thieves swarmed up.". The Khitans, unwilling to be soldiers, killed the officials of the Jin Dynasty, captured 3000 Deputy soldiers and held an uprising. Wanyanliang's rule is more unstable.

Wan Yanyong's uncle Li Shi advised him to accumulate strength and seize the supreme power of the Jin Dynasty. They also actively built military armour. Gao cunfu knew about this and secretly sent someone to tell Wan Yanliang. At the same time, he also tried to murder Wan Yanyong with Li Yanlong. Fortunately, Gao cunfu's family told wanyanyong. Wan Yanliang learned that he sent Mou Lianghu to kill his clan brothers. Wan Yanyong was very scared when he heard this. Li Shi advised him to ascend the throne as soon as possible.

After some deliberation, he decided to call Tokyo officials to the Qing'an temple where his mother became a monk for a meeting under the pretext of discussing the "thief" incident. Gao cunfu didn't dare to come. Wan Yanyong sent for him many times before he came. Wan Yanyong arrested Gao cunfu and Li Yanlong on the spot. On the third day of October, wanhu, Wanyan Fushou and others led the Jin army to come from Shandong. Wanyan mouyan led more than 5000 soldiers to come from Chang'an (now northeast of Shenyang, Liaoning). They all went to Wanyan Yong. On October 7, various armies entered the city to kill Gao cunfu and others. The next day, the officers came to wanyanyong's mansion to see him. Wanyan Yonggang just came out, all the officers in the court chanted long live. Wan Yanyong gave way, and the generals and officials tried to persuade him again and again. Therefore, Wan Yanyong went to the imperial temple to offer sacrifices to his ancestors, and then went to xuanzheng hall to ascend the throne of the emperor, which was for emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty. After Wan Yanyong ascended the throne, he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Dading and issued an imperial edict to abolish Wan Yanliang. From then on, he began his 29 year rule.

At this time, Wan Yanliang, who was on the North Bank of the Yangtze River, had already learned that Wan Yanyong had supported his troops in Liaoyang and declared himself Emperor. He also wanted to stop the song war and lead his troops to the north to encircle and suppress the Dading regime. However, Wan Yanliang mistakenly followed the advice of Li Tong, a close confidant around him, that is, to fight the Yangtze River first and then to Lin'an (today's Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, and then to return to attack Jin Shizong. In the end, it turned out that Wan Yanliang had completely miscalculated. Wan Yanliang led his troops to the North Bank of the Yangtze River, that is, Caishi Town, a small town along the Yangtze River on the border of Anhui Province, and launched the war to attack the songdujiang river. As a result, he was quickly defeated and suffered heavy casualties. At this time, the Jin soldiers who conquered the Song Dynasty in the South also learned that Wan Yanyong established the Dading regime in Liaoyang and raised the flag to rebel against Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing. So the front-line Jin soldiers felt that there was a way out for them to survive. All the soldiers began to plan that Yelv Yuanyi, a Khitan official, would take the lead with his son Yelv Wangxiang to launch a mutiny in the front line. Late at night on November 27, the mutinous Jin soldiers rushed into the Guishan Temple of guazhoudu, wanyanliang's Chinese army tent, and fired random arrows to kill wanyanliang, the king of Hailing. The power of Hailing King fell down immediately. The army of Jin Dynasty, which conquered the Song Dynasty in the south, retreated to the battlefield like a tide and fled to the north. At this point, the war against Song Dynasty launched by Wan Yanliang ended in complete defeat.

On December 19, Jin Shizong led the army all the way to Zhongdu, Yanjing, to seize the central power of the state of Jin, and began the imperial career of Yan Yong. It was no accident that Wan Yanyong was able to successfully ascend the throne of emperor. From his own point of view, since he was an official, he had rich practical ruling experience in "managing other counties for a long time, understanding the causes of disasters and chaos, and the gains and losses of officials". Therefore, no matter in Nuzhen aristocracy or Bohai clan, he has a great reputation. From the point of view of Hailing emperor, the supreme ruler of Jin Dynasty at that time, he was far away from the ruling center of Jin Dynasty due to his command of the southern expedition to Song Dynasty, which brought favorable conditions for WAN Yanyong to ascend the throne. What's more, the war against Song Dynasty in Hailing was extremely unpopular, and Jin Dynasty opposed it from top to bottom. This provided conditions for Yan Yong's accession to the throne.

Stabilize the political situation

Although Wan Yanyong succeeded in his accession to the throne, the political situation of the Jin Dynasty after he ascended the throne was full of internal and external troubles, in which the nobles of the Jin Dynasty vied for power and profit, and in which the people of all ethnic groups revolted. Therefore, after Wan Yanyong ascended the throne, the primary task he faced was how to stabilize the political situation.

As soon as Wan Yanyong rebelled against Wan Yanyao's and WAN Yanliang's indiscriminate killing of the aristocratic opposition of the imperial clan, his accession to the throne indicated that he maintained the aristocracy of the imperial clan and adopted a tolerant and magnanimous policy towards the senior officials under Hailing. Wanyanliang was demoted to be king Yang after killing the empress dowager, jintaizong, Zonghan, zongbi and destroying Shangjing. Then wanyanliang got rid of the title of donghun king, restored his reputation, added his posthumous title as Xizong, and was buried in Siling instead. At the same time, Huining palace destroyed by Hailing was restored to be Shangjing. He also issued many edicts to restore the status of the family members and slaves of the ministers who were killed innocently; sent people to visit the remains of the ministers, and after they were obtained, they were buried by the government; and those officials who were demoted or demoted by King Hailing without any reason were corrected and employed according to their abilities. These measures have played a role in appeasing and winning over the nobility of Nuzhen clan. There is no doubt that he was opposed before

Chinese PinYin : Wan Yan Yong