Sun erzhun

Sun erzhun

Sun erzhun (1770-1832), who was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, was a minister in the middle Qing Dynasty. He was honest and upright, lenient in politics, and paid attention to the hardships of people's livelihood. He had been in Fujian for 10 years before and after his tenure. He had considerable political achievements, was familiar with the local conditions and customs of Fujian, and was loved by Fujian people. He is also very learned, versed in poetry and calligraphy.

Life of the characters

In the May of 1770, Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, sun erzhun was born into an official family on shigu River (now Chongning Road) in Wuxi City. Sun Jigao, the father of sun Yongqing, was the number one scholar in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. He worked in the military aircraft department during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and later promoted to the governor of Guangxi.

Sun erzhun took the provincial examination in the autumn of 1795. Jiaqing ten years (1805), on the Jinshi list, the primary election for the Imperial Academy Shuji Shi, after the editor. In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), he was ordered to assist in compiling quantangwen. In 1814, he became the magistrate of Tingzhou, Fujian Province.

In Ninghua County, a subordinate of Tingzhou Prefecture, some people gather money to pay a visit, and their superiors will all be punished for treason and treason. According to the criminal law of the Qing Dynasty, treason and treason were to be executed by all the people and implicated in the nine nationalities. After hearing the news, sun erzhun felt that the matter was serious. He recalled that his father had encountered similar cases when he was an aide in Guangxi in his early years. It's a local chieftain's case for the right of shadow attack. According to the proof, all the seals are from the Ming Dynasty. The governor thinks that it is a private creation of trust and a deliberate conspiracy. He should be punished for treason. His father tried his best to convince his superiors that the chieftain was determined to carry on the tradition and was not guilty of treason, so he should not easily commit treason. At last, the governor and the governor changed their decisions and saved the lives and property of nearly a thousand people. Now a major homicide has happened in his own office. He realized that it had to be handled with caution. So, not afraid of offending the governor, he immediately went to Ninghua in person to re investigate and report the real situation. He said that there is no plot of treason, so we can only punish the leader with other charges, let alone implicate others. The Court adopted this idea. A case involving thousands of people was closed. Later, he was promoted to Fujian salt law. Later, he successively served as Jiangxi provincial governor and Fujian provincial governor. In the first year of Daoguang (1821), he was transferred to Guangdong governor and promoted to governor of Anhui.

At that time, Xing Mingzhang, a white lotus believer in Fuyang, Anhui Province, and others gathered together to enter Yingzhou, Anhui Province, from Henan Province, to avenge Wang Baichuan, a white lotus believer who was executed in 1815. Sun erzhun asked the inspector Hui Xian to lead his troops to Yingzhou to suppress. Finally, in the second year of Daoguang (1822), Xing Mingzhang was killed and more than 70 people involved in the incident were captured alive.

During his term of office, sun erzhun found that there were many natural disasters in Anhui Province, so he reduced or slowed down the taxes in the affected areas and provided relief to the severely affected areas. In the past, there was a saying that officials had made a long-standing statement about the malpractice of relief work, and that they should not convert silver into copper in the future. Sun erzhunshushu explained that it was inconvenient to do so, and he still carried out disaster relief according to the previous practice. In the first month of the third year of Daoguang (1823), sun erzhun was transferred to Fujian and Tao Shu to Anhui.

Fujian, located in the southeast coast, is dotted with islands and mixed mountain paths. Bandits are frequent, harassing and plundering, endangering social peace. After sun erzhun took office, he did not use ten thousand gold as the arresting fee and rewarded the meritorious personnel heavily, so he captured the first criminal one after another. He was brought to justice according to the circumstances of the crime. Steal the wind and let it die.

At that time, Fujian Province covered most of Taiwan Province. As the highest palace in the province, sun erzhun often crosses the sea to visit this vast treasure island. He added Luzi port (now known as Lukang) in luermen (now the west of Changhua and near the outlet of Zhuoshui River), and opened five ports at the outlet of Shanxi River between Jiayi and Changhua to facilitate the navigation of merchant ships.

Garmalan Bay in Northeast Taiwan (today's Ilan plain) was originally a place where the indigenous hazanan people lived. Surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the sea in the East, the road from land is steep and dangerous, and the load is difficult to travel, so it is blocked from the outside world for a long time. Although in the first year of Jiaqing, a group of people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, led by Wu Sha, a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian, came here to reclaim and plant wasteland, the Qing government never implemented effective administration on it. In September 1825, when sun erzhun was promoted to be governor of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, he immediately requested that karmalan be incorporated into the local register and be managed by an official. He also suggested that the original Wushi port and Zhayuan port, which could be used for small boats, should be dredged and rebuilt as the main entrance, thus promoting the civilization and development of this mountainous area.

In the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), sun erzhun was alerted that Li Tong, a native of Changhua in Taiwan, and Huang Wenrun, a native of Guangdong, gathered together to fight with arms. The riot spread and arson and robbery occurred in nearby villages, which shocked the whole of Taiwan. Sun erzhun ordered Xu Songnian, the commander-in-chief of the Navy, to attack and arrest the relevant personnel. He also ordered Shao Yongfu, the Deputy General of Min'an, and Xie Jianyong, the Penghu guerrilla, to lead 3000 soldiers to March quickly into the area to prevent the relevant personnel from fleeing north. At the same time, Chen Huacheng, chief of Jinmen Town, was ordered to lead 500 troops across luzai port to prevent relevant personnel from entering the sea. Sun erzhun himself arrived in Xiamen from Fuzhou and ordered his deputy general Tong Shu and others to go to Changhua, Danshui and other places to search for mountains and round up. After investigating in Xiamen, sun erzhun learned that more and more people were involved in the riots, and the situation became more and more serious, so he asked Ma Jisheng, the land governor, to be stationed in Xiamen. Sun erzhun led 1000 soldiers to cross the sea, stationed in Changhua to quell the riots, and then went to Danshui. In the case of being outnumbered, the leader Li Tong fled and was soon killed. Sun erzhun also ordered the villages to report the leaders and arrest the remaining participants, so that the Fujian people could arrest the Fujian people and the Guangdong people could arrest the Guangdong people, so as to prevent mutual attacks and slanders.

When the riots of Li Tong and others gradually subsided, the "fange" incident appeared again. At that time, it was commonly known as "Sheng fan". Some people trade with "Sheng fan", so they marry "fan Nu" and flow into neishan area of Taiwan. These people who marry "fan Nu" are belittled as "fan Sha". Huang dounai, the leader of "fange", lived in Sanwan for many years, and led his son to carry out the looting secretly. During the Tanshui riot, Huang dounai called on "Shengfan" to come out of the mountain to participate in the riot. Sun erzhun ordered General Chen Huacheng, General Huang qihan, guerrilla Xie tezhang, guerrilla Xie chaoen, and guerrilla Xie Jianyong to block the attack separately. "Fanren" were forced to return to the mountains. In Qing Dynasty, 21 soldiers, such as Huang dounai, were captured and executed by climbing vine and climbing on ge'erdeng.

As for the handling of this year's events, sun erzhun intended to separate "Treason" from "robber" because of "fabricating rumors, burning and looting", which should be punished as "robber" rather than "Treason", and as for the "Revenge of Party division" to the north of Danshui, it should only be punished as "fighting". In addition to making it clear that those who had burned or killed should be executed, others should be dealt with lightly, so many people can be saved.

Sun erzhun also made a detailed investigation of the public security management of the whole island of Taiwan. He found that there was only one guard in the open area of 500 Li from the north of chukan (now near Hsinchu) to Kaga, and the patrol work was very difficult. Therefore, he asked for a member of the South Road guerrilla to be stationed in chukan, and added green camp troops to Dajia, Causeway Bay, douhuanping and other places. Please also rebuild the Tanshui Tucheng, and build a Tucheng at the entrance of the main road of "Shengfan" to garrison troops and consolidate Taiwan's defense.

After the incident subsided, sun Er would be granted the title of Prince Shaobao.

In 1827, sun erzhun returned to Beijing to report on his work. Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty praised him for his "quick success" in quelling the Taiwan riots and awarded his son sun Huiyi as the principal official. On his way back to Fujian from Beijing, sun erzhun passed through Putian. He personally surveyed mulanpi, a water conservancy project to prevent the sea. The project was first built in the Northern Song Dynasty, with a stone dike of more than 1100 feet built to resist the tide of the sea and irrigate 400000 mu of farmland. However, due to years of disrepair, many collapsed. In order to make tens of thousands of hectares of farmland more fertile, sun erzhun personally presided over the restoration of this important project. In 1828, when the project was completed, sun erzhun ordered the construction of ancestral hall to worship Qian, the Song Dynasty's Changle maiden who first created mulanpi.

In the ninth year of Daoguang (1829), sun erzhun was arrested for accepting bribes and was demoted to two grades.

In the early summer of 1831, sun erzhun wrote a preface to Yongding county annals. This year, sun Er will beg for rest with illness.

In 1832, sun erzhun died. On February 18 (March 19, 1832), Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty gave sun erzhun, the crown prince, Jinshi, Huidun and wailang, the member of sun Huiyi, the posthumous title of Wenjing. On the seventh day of December (January 271833), Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty approved sun er's admittance to worship Fujian famous officials and Xiangxian temple.

work

His works include fengtianlu, taiyuntangji, youhuanggongjian, Ming Shichao and Fujian Tongzhi

Character evaluation

Zhang Deying: Uncle Sun Ping's (ER Zhun's) CI is like a fallen leaf mourning a cicada, which makes people sad.

The draft of Qing Dynasty history: Er Zhun ruled Fujian for the longest time. He was familiar with the local conditions and customs. The officials and the people were familiar with each other. He was generous in politics, and the people of Fujian were comfortable.

Anecdotes of characters

"MaoYuan" records: "Uncle Sun Ping had a daughter in the army, and sun also loved cats. When he was in charge of Fujian and Zhejiang, Taiwan's garrison also offered many beautiful cats."

Gu enhan's "bamboo garden series" records: "my family's ancestral son Qingfen and uncle Sun Ping went to Donglin Academy with his friends during the children's examination. It's not clear yet. When I pass by a lane, I suddenly see a strange ghost, Zhang Xu, sitting on the eaves of someone's house. He said, "my friend, get out of the way." Ghost fruit side foot let Sun into the lane. Qingfen said, "you let me pass." The ghost let it go again. After that, a friend did not move. It was the ghost's crotch. One year later, he died. Sun yihanlin official to Fujian general, Fujian and Zhejiang governor, posthumous Wenjing. Qing Fen Gong to Jiaqing Xinyou big Kui, official to the Ministry of minister

dispute

Life experience

Chinese PinYin : Sun Er Zhun