Yao Hua
Yao Hua
Yao Hua (1876-1930) was named Yi e, Chongguang, Mangfu and Lianhua nunnery master. Guizhou Guizhu (today's Guiyang) people, Yao Hua Guangxu 23 years (1897) Ju people, 30 years (1904) Jinshi, granted the Ministry of industry director Yu Heng. During the reform movement of 1898, he went to Japan to study in the University of legal science. After returning to China, he was appointed head of the shipping department of the Ministry of Posts and communications and chief of the post office. After entering the Republic of China, he served as a member of the Senate of Guizhou Province, and later as president of Beijing Women's normal university.
Profile
Yao Hua (1876-1930) was a member of the Senate of the provisional government of the Republic of China and President of Beijing Women's normal university. Yao Hua, Chen Yinsheng and Zhang Yuecheng are known as the "three masters of modern copper engraving" in later generations. The seals of emperor Xuantong Puyi of Qing Dynasty, such as "treasure of Xuantong", "treasure of Xuantong Yulan", "Xuantong Yubi" and "dragon flying and tiger lying" of Liang Qichao all came from Zhang Yuecheng's knife. The seals of the people's Republic of China and Premier Zhou Enlai were also engraved by Zhang Yuecheng, which is known as the "master of copper engraving".
In 1876, Yao Hua was born in Guizhu (now Guiyang), Guizhou Province, with the name of Chongguang and Mangfu.
In 1897, Juren was invited to teach Pei Wenyun's annotation at Bishan Academy in Xingyi. During the reform movement of 1898, he went to Japan to study in the University of political science and law. In 1904, nine Jinshi from the top three of Jiachen department were appointed as the chief of Yuheng Department of the Ministry of industry. Later, he was appointed the head of the shipping department of the Ministry of Posts and ships and the section chief of the postal department, and lived in the Lotus Temple outside Xuanwu Gate.
In 1912, he served as a member of the Senate of the provisional government of the Republic of China and the president of Beijing Women's normal university the following year. Later, because of warlords' scuffle and political disorder, he lived in seclusion in a broken temple and made a living by selling his own poems, calligraphy and painting and Yingtuo. Yao Hua is knowledgeable and proficient in philology, phonology and drama theory. The most important thing is his accomplishment in the field of literature. At that time, there was no one like him in the painting world with a lot of talents. Because of his extensive and profound knowledge in opera, he was highly respected among the celebrities in Liyuan. Wang Yaoqing, Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu and others are frequent visitors to Lianhua nunnery and respect Yao as a teacher.
In 1924, when Yao Hua held a painting meeting at Guizhou guild hall in Cherry Street, Beijing, hundreds of people attended the meeting. Tagore, an Indian poet who was visiting the capital, also gladly attended the meeting and delivered a passionate speech on the spot. Yao Hua was born in Kejia, full of classics, especially good at writing songs. There are 291 Yao Hua's poems and 86 songs, and his representative works are Fu Tang Ci, Geng Wu Chun Ci, Qi Qu, etc. In calligraphy and painting, he is good at landscape flowers and inscriptions and postscripts. Yao Huang, a famous peony painter, is gorgeous and full of business. Even he himself is called "Yellow Peony". In 1918, his painting "shallow purple landscape" was included in "selected works of famous painters in the past 100 years" and became a classic work in the history of Chinese art.
In 1926, Yao Hua suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and his left arm became disabled after recovery. However, he still insisted on writing and painting, writing books, and working hard for art. As a Jinshi, he participated in the production of handicrafts, which was unique in modern Chinese history.
On June 4, 1930, Yao Hua, a 54 year old prodigy, died of illness and was buried in Yaoshan, Zaojun temple outside Xizhimenwai in Beijing. There are 31 volumes of Fu Tang Lei draft, Lianhua an calligraphy and painting collection, Yao Hua Mangfu Yingtuo in Guiyang, Jinshi and Qianyu.
Artistic achievements
Chen Yinsheng, Yao Hua and Zhang Yuecheng are the most famous ink cartridge makers in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Later generations call them the "three masters of modern copper engraving", among which Chen Yinsheng should be regarded as the leader of his predecessors. Chen Yinsheng, whose name is Linbing, was born as a scholar. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he set up "Wanli Zhai" (later changed to "Wanfeng Hao") in Liulichang, Beijing, and specialized in making stationery utensils. He was the first one to carve copper ink cartridge. There was no one to surpass it. He was known as a great master of carving copper. His technique and style influenced later Yao Hua and Zhang Yuecheng. As a result, Yao and Zhang pushed the production process of carving copper ink cartridge to a high level of artistic creation. This can be confirmed and fully reflected by a "Mangfu" copper ink cartridge in the early Republic of China. The ink cartridge is made of white copper, with a diameter of 7.5cm. The theme is seal cutting copper. The layout of the characters is reasonable, and the density is alternate. The ink cartridge is flexible and not dull. Words and sentences such as "frankness" are engraved in the sun, and "long sun and moon in Taichung", "comfortable" and "high reputation" are engraved in the shade. The knife is skillful, smooth, round and beautiful. It contains infinite elegant connotation. "Mangfu" is engraved at the bottom left.
It is said that the ink cartridge bearing the name of "Yao Hua" belongs to Yao Hua's personal work; the ink cartridge bearing the name of "Mangfu" is Yao Hua's contribution and is engraved by Zhang Yuecheng. Zhang Yuecheng (1883-1961), born in Hexian County, Hebei Province, was an apprentice. At the age of 14, he went to Beijing to seek art in the "yiyuanzhai" of Liulichang. In 1910, he carved copper on the "mingyuange" of the Qing Dynasty. He was the first to carve Han seal on the ink cartridge. He was a legend of Liulichang. In 1917, tonggutang was established in Liulichang. Zhang Yuecheng's seal of Xianzhi, the "treasure of Xuantong", "treasure of Xuantong Yulan", "Xuantong Yubi", Liang Qichao's "dragon flying and tiger lying" and other seals all came out of his sword. The seal of the people's Republic of China and the seal of Premier Zhou Enlai are also engraved by Zhang Yuecheng, known as the "master engraver of copper". From this point of view, the above-mentioned "Mangfu" round copper ink cartridge is a work of cooperation between Yao Hua and Zhang Yuecheng. His writing style and verve all show the author's artistic attainments, which are very representative and precious. A close examination of the upper and lower sections shows that this work, which was completed in the early years of the Republic of China, should have been displayed in the Tonggu Hall of Zhang Yuecheng. It was not until 1937 that it was bought by Chen Shunde, who was named "Nian" Tong "20, and passed it on as a gift to others. At that time, Yao Hua, the first author of the ink cartridge, had been dead for several years. More than half a century later, in the summer of 1995, Xiao Wengong, the ancestor of literature loving family, discovered this exquisite work of art by accident when he was searching for cultural relics at a purchasing station in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, thus giving him a chance to see the light again.
Collection of books
When he lived in the capital, he was a neighbor to the bibliophile Lun Ming and a good friend to sun Dianqi. He collected a lot of gold and stone, calligraphy and painting, and ancient books, but he didn't know how to learn the versions of ancient books. The library is named "zhuanmo library". It is clean and elegant with books all around it. It has many kinds of books, such as Han Jun, notes to the book of changes, and engraved pictures. The collection is printed with "Yao Hua's private seal", "Yao Mang's disabled arm", "Lao Mang's father's eternal happiness", "Lao mang", etc. He wrote questions and answers in primary school, Shuowen Sanyi Biao, Qianyu, lianhua'an calligraphy and painting collection, Shushi, Wuyan Feiniao collection, jinshixi, Qianyu, gublind Ci, Futang Lei draft, etc.
Chinese PinYin : Yao Hua
Yao Hua
