Jinglan Shang

Jinglan Shang

Shang Jinglan (1605-1676), whose name is Meisheng, was born in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The eldest daughter of Zhou Zuo, the Minister of the Ming military department, and the wife of Qi Biao, a famous Minister of the anti Qing Dynasty. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the poet had both ability and political integrity, and was good at calligraphy and painting. His sister, Shang Jinghui, also wrote poems.

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In the 48th year of Wanli (1620), Qi biaojia (Duke Qi Zhongmin) of Tongyi was his wife. The couple respected each other and played harmoniously. In the second year of Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty (1645), the Qing army captured Nanjing. Biaojia drowned himself and died for his country. Jinglan knows the truth and takes on the important task of teaching children. His two sons, Li sun and ban sun, were deqiong, Deyuan and Dehuan, and his daughter-in-law, Zhang Dehui and Zhu Derong, were all named after poems. Every day, when they arrive, their daughter-in-law's pen bed and inkstone box will follow, and the rhyme of the horn will be divided into different topics. Families will compete to advocate peace, and it is said that this is a victory. It is recorded in the draft of the history of Qing Dynasty that ban sun married Zhu Xieyuan, the daughter of his young teacher, and Zhu Gong wrote poems. He came and went in harmony with his Gu Shang (Shang Jinglan), Si Zhang and Xiao Gu Xiangjun.

He is the author of jinnang Ji (formerly known as Xianglian Ji), which includes 67 poems, 94 Ci poems, three supplementary poems and one essay. Chen Weisong's collection of women commented: "Kuaiji Shang's wife is famous and virtuous for a time... Therefore, the golden boudoir of Yushu can't be chanted, and her wife is the most famous title in the world." In the women's chapter of youxueqionglin: "Bo Shang, Zhong Shang, was called Yuexiu at that time; de Rong, de Hui, reflected the Qi family."

Biography of characters

Harmony between Qin and Se

In 1620, sixteen year old Shang Jinglan married into the Qi family in Shanyin. His husband, Qi biaojia, is the son of Qi chengcode, a famous book collector. He is an elegant man who has reached an early age in his official career and is proficient in writing and ink. He not only has a good literary talent, but also attaches great importance to the taste of life. From their marriage to the death of biaojia in Yiyou (1645), they enjoyed a happy marriage for 25 years. This kind of harmonious situation makes later generations of literati envious, they compare them as "golden boy and jade girl".

Guo Po Fu died

However, the Qing army soon went south, and half of the Ming Dynasty could not be saved. As a female, Shang Jinglan was born to care about her family. When Chongzhen was hanged in Beijing, the Qing soldiers were eyeing the Central Plains, and the Hongguang court was still fighting in the south of the Yangtze River, she repeatedly urged Qi biaojia to resign, and even "wish the Buddha every day.". Compared with her husband's position in the court, she prefers the husband and wife to return home and continue their good life. However, the Qing Dynasty employed Qi biaojia as an official by writing money. Under various circumstances, Qi biaojia finally sank in the pool in front of the plum blossom Pavilion in Yushan on the fifth day of June in 1645. And shangjinglan's happy marriage life was suddenly stopped because of the accident.

Poems mourn the husband

Qi biaojia's death followed the death of the Ming Dynasty, so Shang Jinglan deeply realized the grief brought by the loss of his country and the death of his partner, and often put these feelings in writing. Such poems as "thousands of miles of rivers and mountains, endless mist in the sky" (< I > < I > < I >), "leaning on the railings, why complain, heaven and earth always look long" (< I > < I > < I > Mid Autumn Festival boating · its third "< / I >), and" Xiao Lai has no intention of finishing his red makeup, but leaning on the dangerous building to look at his hometown "(< I > < I > Jiuqu yuzhongzuo > < / I >) show a sense of desolation and nostalgia. Although she has a strong national consciousness, Shang Jinglan still feels contradictory in her attitude towards her husband's martyrdom. On the one hand, she wrote the famous poem "mourning for the dead": "the public has become eternal, I still love life. The monarch and the minister are on the same day, and the children are on the same side. What happened before he was born is the name of the monument after he died. Although there are different ways to survive or perish, Zhen and Bai are mutually beneficial. " He praised Qi biaojia's perseverance and thought that his martyrdom was an immortal feat. But then, at the beginning of the second song mourning, she shows her sadness of losing her spouse: "where is the Phoenix scattered, and the Qin breaks the sound of the Chu River.". This feeling is more straightforward in the poem "crossing the river and climbing the mirage tower crying for master": "I've been tired of the hustle and bustle for a long time, and I'll be proud of the world, and I'll be quiet for the rest of my life. At that time, where was the same mediator? I feel sad and tearful tonight. Several negative bamboo window clear moon shadow, more ashamed of Huawu Xiaoying sound. I don't know if I will end my ambition together, and I will always pay for the feeling of parting cranes for thousands of years. "

Ups and downs of later generations

In her widowed life of more than 30 years, Shang Jinglan has suffered many heavy blows. Renyin (1662) died in the sixth year of Kangxi. In the same year, the second son ban sun was put far away from Ninggu pagoda because of the Tonghai case in central Zhejiang, and the eldest son Li sun died soon because of the depression. Although ban sun fled back three years later, he cut off his hair to become a monk and cut off his contact with his family. Finally, GUI Chou died in the 12th year of Kangxi. Tragedies and disasters happened one after another, so in 1676, when Shang Jinglan looked back on her life experience in her later years, she couldn't help sighing that "the undead are so unfortunate here" (< I > preface to Qin Lou manuscript < / I >).

Family chant

Although she suffered all kinds of misfortunes in her life, Shang Jinglan's literary creation activities did not stop. Even under her leadership, she formed a very popular female family creation group. According to Volume 23 of jingzhiju Shihua, the wife of "Qi" was only 40 years old when he was pregnant with sand. His second son, Li sun and ban sun, three daughters, Deyuan, deqiong and Dehuan, and his daughter-in-law, Zhang Dehui and Zhu Derong. Grape tree, peony flower, chant several times. Those who have passed through Mei city are looking like twelve Yaotai. " It can be seen that at that time, the female literature activities of Qi clan were flourishing, and Shang Jinglan himself was quite happy. It was Shang Jinglan's pursuit and guidance of literary consciousness that promoted her literary talent and her daughter-in-law's literary talent. Her reputation was also widely spread among literati. Not only was she highly appreciated by male poets at that time, but also Huang Yuanjie and other talented women who had been "negative for decades" in Jiaxing were attracted to visit her and recited poems to lead her to be bosom friends. The poetry activities of their family can be said to have opened the atmosphere of gathering and chanting in the boudoir of the Qing Dynasty.

Shang Jinglan died shortly after 1676, and the grand occasion of writing poems and writing poems by women, which was formed under her advocacy, disappeared.

Character evaluation

Qi biaojia: such as Ru Xianshu, it is rare in the real world. Farewell to my wife

"Lingai women's way is to cultivate, family kindness is to descend, Sheng is called Lingyuan.

Zhu YIZUN said in his jingzhiju Shihua: "Qi Gong is beautiful, his wife Shang also has an order, the boudoir sings with her, and the village Party has the eyes of a golden boy and a beautiful girl.

Yuan Mei said: "in the former dynasty, Qi Zhongmin was a good-looking man. His youth was beautiful. His wife also had national color. For a time, she was called 'golden boy and jade girl'.

Wei Geng's words said: "Kuaiji Shang's wife is famous for her virtue for a time. The theorists think that she is Mao Hong of Wang's family and an Shi of Xie's family." that is to say, Shang Jinglan's virtue is comparable to that of Wang Dao and Xie an! "

Anecdotes of Southern Xinjiang: supporting Cai Zao and being able to write poetry and painting.

According to Zhao zunyue's description of CI series of the Ming Dynasty in Xiyin hall, "the works of Yutai are famous in Li, Zhu, Zeng and Wei of Song Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, the hairpins are like Shang Meisheng (Shang Jinglan), Wu Xiaoxue (Wu Xiao) and Xu Luowei (Xu Yuan).

Zhang Zhongmou: Women's Ci in Ming Dynasty is complicated, among which Shen Yichu, ye xiaoluan, Shang Jinglan, Wu Xiao and so on. They have reached a higher artistic level. It is obvious that they all elevated Shang Jinglan to the leading position among the female poets of the Ming Dynasty.

Selected works of Ci

the moon at the fortified pass

Autumn moon opens golden mirror, floating clouds scatter blue sky. The wind blows to the north and dew to the East.

The shadow is full of startling magpies, and the light sinks Saihong. The color of the Qin pass tonight should be the same as that of the Han Palace.

Shengchazi: spring evening makeup

I don't want to take care of yundian, but Shuangluan in the mirror. A hundred tongues are the most ignorant and used to be boudoir language.

Where does spring return. After making up, I brush my clothes and a shower of pear blossoms.

Red lips in spring

Spring melts, two embankments willow Shujin line. Time is like electricity. In a flash.

The Golden Valley is still, the scenery is hard to see. Travel around. Deep in the courtyard, half of them are octopus.

Recalling Qin e

Autumn Festival. The golden wind rises suddenly and leaves sadly. Sad parting. Long sky moon shadow, long circle long lack.

The empty steps are rustling. The frost flower spot intestines thousand knot. The intestines are full of knots. Flying in the clouds, flying in the dream.

Eyes are charming

It's going to be dusk. Yin Han refers to the appendix. Half moon, a line of wild geese, cloud old frost residual.

With the wind blowing from the sweep, the courtyard cover double. It's hard to lock up when you leave. If you travel far away from the river, where are the mountains.

Autumn is flourishing

The sound of rain outside the window urged me. The candle is fragrant. I can't stand the Wugeng chicken. Infinite Acacia soul dream, with ease waist.

From the moon to the curtain. Lonely wild geese return to the south. Jade stove treasure seal brush light clothes. The flowers are uneven, the curtain is moving, and the leaves are plump.

Linjiang xianzuo Riverside New Building

The water reflects the shadow of the jade building, and the breeze blows cicadas. The light cloud flows, the moon shines. At night, the oar is on the river, and the bell rings at dusk.

People lean on the appendix like a picture, the cool waves are faint and startling. I don't know for whom spring is added. The place where the light of the lake is swaying is suddenly crossed by mountains.

Fisherman's pride

Snow graupel flow Bamboo Road one after another. The number of black Magpie in front of the window. It's cold light and wax trees. Poetry is the same. The terrace is carved with Wansu.

Maodian curtain across the ancient ferry. The temple bells and drums urge the evening. Egrets live on the back of a donkey. It's a real gift. What a catkins sentence in the wind.

Spring outing

The east wind is thick. The flower is like a cut. The garden is full of fragrant willows. A warbler is weak. The clouds are thin. Time is easy to grow old, spring is scattered. Mo mo.

Mei Kong is thin. It's hard to find out. The fungus orchid is not fragrant first. Pearl foil. Swing rope. Shen Ting courtyard, Acacia difficult to trust. Wrong, wrong.

Drunken flower Yin

On melancholy as drunkenness. Write sad face like sleep. The silver shadow is with you, fearing. Half curtain moon, a court flower gas, time is easy.

Countless tears beside the bed. It's hard to go to Tianya. The night is cold, so it starts to leave, broken. Whisper in dream, for whom to tell, how to sleep.

Jade case: Farewell

A curtain of Wutong

Chinese PinYin : Shang Jing Lan