Zhou Zhongyue

Zhou Zhongyue

Zhou Zhongyue (1876-1955) was born in Zhongyi lane of Jinhua in Jianchuan, Bai nationality. Zhong Yue was born in poverty and worked hard. Guangxu 29 years (1903) should be guimaoke rural examination, the first, known as Jieyuan, in 1904, to Japan Hongwen college study, normal school. In 1905, he returned to Waseda University, Japan's first private university, to study law and politics.

He has compiled 10 volumes of normal education series and translated 1 volume of general theory of China's educational system change by Songcun Jieshi. Zhong Yue is the editor in chief of "Yunnan magazine" founded by Yunnan students. He has written papers such as "on Yunnan's position in China" and "the timing and methods of redemption of Yunnan Vietnam Railway". Together with fan xilen, Zhang yaozeng, Xi Pinchen and others, he formed the new translation world magazine and engaged in translation. Based on a wide range of Chinese and foreign books, he wrote a book named Annam of the French occupation.

brief introduction

Zhou Zhongyue once read a book. While reading, he dipped buckwheat cake into honey and mistakenly went into ink pool. His mouth was black and it was a good story. At the beginning of his life, he was taught by Duan Yeshi. Then he took Zhao fan as a teacher and realized different groups. In his poem, there was a sentence: "among all kinds of herbs, the people in Heyi know the end of the children.".

original view

Zhong Yue's scholarship advocates taking the advantages of ancient and modern times, especially innovation. He often ridicules those who refuse to learn new books as "Confucian scholars", which is no different from "well frog self closed", and advocates that learning should not be archaic, nor blindly follow. It is proposed that only by "studying and reading in order to be poor", can we "be clear in the heart and see things clearly".

Return to work

In 1907, he returned to Yunnan from Japan as a teacher and Dean of two-level normal schools. When he arrived, he formulated rules and regulations, expanded school buildings, arranged school grades, and recruited more teachers. He also sent a letter to the educators from Yunnan who studied in Beijing and Japan to help him. The school took on a new look. After taking charge of the Yunnan Education Department, he decided to promote primary schools, cultivate education, rectify the style of study, and pay attention to practicality. Four measures have been taken, including the establishment of independent education funds, the addition of normal schools, the consolidation of ordinary middle schools, and the addition of experimental sites for secondary professional schools.

In his political views, Zhong Yue was aware of the general situation and held a great festival. He was able to stand up to the safety of Sangzi and fight against Dafu. For example, the price of salt was increased and rice was imported. The legal person asked for the establishment of the "Oriental Bank" in the provincial capital. Huamengsheng of Norway bought the foundation of beicangpo privately. When he learned about it, he told the ambassador about his interests in time and argued for it, so as to eliminate the future trouble.

for the state and the people

In 1911, two diplomatic events occurred in Yunnan, namely, the British and French "Longxing company" seizing the mining rights of the seven prefectures in Yunnan and the British occupation of Malaysia. Zhou Zhongyue and Li cangao were recommended as representatives to go to Beijing to ask the Ministry of foreign affairs to rescind the treaty and send a note to the British army to withdraw. At that time, ye Erkai, the school envoy, did not allow Zhong Yue to leave school and go to Beijing to protest and negotiate. Zhong Yue was indignant and left. After Zhong Yue and others went to Beijing to protest solemnly, Britain and France had to agree to abolish the treaty because of the determination of Yunnan people to fight with each other. The government promised to pay compensation and bear the burden of Yunnan.

In the following years, Wu Kun, director of the Department of finance of Yunnan Province, and Anderson, the representative of the US mining company, signed 14 draft exploration conditions. Zhong Yue, on behalf of Tang Jiyao, instructed: "first, the right to open mines should be operated by ourselves; second, the mining capital should be limited to domestic people; third, even if foreign capital is used, it is only appropriate to borrow money, not jointly run.". The conditions set out in the review are not in line with this purpose. It is essential that the director of the Department and others should be responsible for the revision through consultation. " According to Shi Lun, "since China and foreigners jointly set up a business, there has never been such a cost-effective one.".

Political foresight

In February 1912, Sun Yat Sen resigned as president and recommended Yuan Shikai as the interim president. When Yunnan learned of the situation, it was uncertain. Zhou Zhongyue, then Secretary General of the governor's office, pointed out that once Yuan Shikai came to power, he would be a disaster to China. Cai E also thought so, so Yunnan did not make a statement.

The following year (1913), Cai E hired Zhong Yue as the chief editor of the Bureau of history of the restoration of China, and Zhao Shiming, Zhang Zhaoxing, Guo Xiexi and Liu runchou as the editors. In July of the same year, the manuscript was completed, with nine chapters including the origin of the restoration, the restoration, the southern part, the western part, the aid to Sichuan, the aid to Guizhou, the western expedition (aid to Tibet), the military change and the construction. There are 1 volume of "changpian" and 1 volume of "brief introduction to the personnel of Yunnan recovery". From the beginning of compilation to the completion of historical manuscripts, it took only a few people and months to complete such a difficult task.

In 1913, he served as an observer in Central Yunnan. He governed 41 prefectures and counties. He was more strict than the inspector in all the places he went. He conscientiously implemented the Opium ban and achieved good results.

At the end of 1914, Zhong Yue went to Beijing with Cai E as the Secretary General of the national economic and Trade Bureau, and wrote the draft of economic and trade regulations, the summary of China's economic and trade, and the summary of various countries' economic and trade. In August of the next year, the "planning and security association" carried out imperial activities for Yuan Shikai, but Zhong Yue resolutely opposed and assisted Cai E to go to Tianjin to secretly plan and discuss yuan. Zhong Yue made a special trip to transfer important telegrams and secret copies to Tianjin and return to Beijing. After Tsai Hsien got on the boat and arrived at the secret telegram, he risked his life and changed his name to Zhou Mi. He disguised himself as a businessman and took his family out of Shanhaiguan to Japan by way of North Korea.

On December 25, 1915, Yunnan declared its independence, sent a telegram to discuss yuan and organized the "national defense army"; the "national defense army" sent troops to Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangdong, resulting in the independence of all provinces one after another, forcing Yuan Shikai to fall and die. In this regard, Liang Qichao's speech in Nanjing denied the achievements of Yunnan's first righteousness. He claimed that "the battle of protecting the country is at my command. What's the meaning of Yunnan?" Zhong Yue was filled with indignation and wrote a historical talk on Yunnan's first righteousness of protecting the country. He refuted Liang Qichao's fabricated black-and-white political and business path with irrefutable evidence. He pointed out that "the battle of protecting the country is sincere and powerful for all the military and political circles of Yunnan and the people of the whole province If the Dian people are generous and righteous, then Tang Gong alone can not succeed. "

In 1917, after Zhang Xun's restoration, Zhou Zhongyue actively advocated Tang Jiyao's response to Sun Yat Sen's move to protect the law: the Yunnan Guizhou Jingguo coalition was established, and Zhou Zhongyue was appointed Secretary General of the general headquarters of the Jingguo coalition. At that time, acting president Feng Guozhang threatened Tang Jiyao to stop his troops, and Zhong Yue proposed to reply to the telegram, stressing that "only the public order of the country depends on the law.". "If the rulers want to rebel against the law and destroy the people, the people in the southwest provinces would rather die in a hail of bullets than live under autocracy," he said Forced Feng to make peace.

In 1918, general Shi Qingyang and Yan Deji of the central Sichuan people's army repeatedly called to ask Yunnan to sponsor the expulsion of Xiong Kewu. Tang Jiyao held a meeting to discuss the matter. Zhong Yue strongly advocated that the Sichuan army should not use military force, and put forward the idea: "it is better to advise the Sichuan army in the name of the commander of the United forces, because the Sichuan army has been suffering from military battles for many years and can no longer be disturbed; the Yunnan army should draw the river and defend, so as to preserve its strength and avoid being trapped in a whirlpool.". While Guo Tong urged Tang to support Shi and Yan Daoxiong, Zhong Yue was very angry and said, "what are you...". The protection of the state and the law in Yunnan, the use of troops for years, and the single shot and single death, are all the blood of the Yunnan people. Do you have any conscience to sympathize with the sufferings of the people in our province? "Then you stood up and beat him. After Yao's urgent help, Zhong Yue came out.

In 1919, Zhong Yue, acting governor of Yunnan Province, presided over the affairs of Yunnan Province. He wanted to cultivate the internal affairs of the Ming Dynasty, but the people of the Soviet Union were in a bit of trouble. However, because of the uncertainty of the overall situation, the coup broke out suddenly, the military personnel used things, and all kinds of constraints, they were unable to do anything. They repeatedly failed to get their words, and each time they had more regrets. On April 4, 1921, the military government officially appointed Zhou Zhongyue governor of Yunnan Province, but he still resigned. On April 20, he was dismissed as scheduled, and returned to Jianchuan after a month.

In 1927, Tang Jiyao collapsed in the "26" coup. Zhou Zhongyue was elected as one of the nine members of the provincial government. He strongly advocated eliminating the military disaster, conforming to the trend, adjusting the gap, and automatically joining the national government to seek national reunification. However, Long Yun, Hu Ruoyu, Zhang ruoji, and Li xuanting fought for power and profit, and Zhong Yue stepped forward to call for a truce. Although fighting against the city was stopped, the war still went eastward. Seeing that the provincial government had no hope of normal work, he went out to visit the province and was no longer involved in political affairs.

Writing

In 1931, Yunnan Tongzhi museum was established, with Zhou Zhongyue as its director. The rearrangement of Yunnan Local Chronicles has attracted the attention of the whole province, which is closely related to the popularity of the people, and Zhong Yue has made painstaking efforts in painting. In 1939, Zhou Zhongyue became the Minister of the interior of the national government. He still consulted the Tongzhi library and contributed to the compilation and publication of the newly compiled Yunnan Tongzhi as soon as possible. He completed 266 volumes of the newly compiled Yunnan Tongzhi, collected 17 old chronicles of different dynasties and compiled them into one book. He continued to supplement them from 1901 to 1911. After the founding of the Republic of China, the story is "Chang Bian", which makes "the cultural relics of Yunnan and Yunnan in the history of history, the details of which are all over the world."

”。 According to the ancient and the modern, it is a complete local chronicle

Saving patriots with wisdom

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Zhou Zhongyue was paid attention to by the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. When he was Minister of the interior of the national government, member of the national government, vice president of the examination institute and Senior Minister of the presidential office, Zhou Zhongyue was in the age of Ji Shu. He insisted on uniting in the Anti Japanese War, opposing division and friction, and bridging the gap between the central and local governments. After Chiang Kai Shek launched a civil war against the will of the people, Zhong Yue felt that he was unable to return to heaven, so he retreated bravely and maintained his late Festival. In November 1949, Li Zongren, the acting president of the Kuomintang, arrived in Kunming. Lu Han entrusted Zhou Zhongyue to preside over the welcoming meeting. Lu Han, with the cooperation of Zhou Zhongyue and Li Gengen, took advantage of the contradiction between Chiang Kai Shek and Li Zongren to ask Li Zongren to release the arrested persons in the "9 / 9" purge. Li Zongren immediately gave instructions that "it should be dealt with at the discretion of Chairman Lu.". Since then, Lu Han has released more than 400 underground party members, Democrats, workers and students arrested in the "99" purge in batches.

Donation to society

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhou Zhongyue was elected the third member of the Chinese people's Government Consultative Conference

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Zhong Yue