Yu Minzhong

Yu Minzhong

Yu Minzhong (1714 - January 14, 1780) was born in Jintan, Jiangsu Province. Shanxi is the grandson of Hanxiang. Xuanping county magistrate Yu Shufan's son. He was an important official of the Qing Dynasty and was born in a royal family.

In the second year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1737), he was a Jinshi (number one scholar) in the first grade of Minzhong school, and was awarded the Imperial Academy's compilation. He was the first minister of the Han Dynasty in the Qianlong Dynasty. He was extremely disgusted with the military plane. His calligraphy style is close to that of Dong Qichang, and he wrote Huayan Sutra pagoda according to the edict.

In the 38th year of Qianlong (1773), the imperial edict proposed to open the library. At the beginning, Liu Tongxun opposed it, and Yu Minzhong mainly opened the library. Siku Quanshu library is open, and Yu Minzhong is the president. Qianlong died in December (January 14, 1780) at the age of 66. His posthumous title was Wen Xiang. In 1786, he was withdrawn from Xianliang Temple because he was suspected to be involved in the case of Gansu Province. Yu Minzhong is the author of Zhejiang Cheng Bei LAN and Linqing Ji Lue.

Life of the characters

Elite family in Jintan

Yu's family is well-known in Jintan, and Yu Minzhong was born in the family of Shi Li Zanying. His great grandfather, Yu Sichang, was the grandson of Kong Jian, a Jinshi of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in 1661 and a magistrate of Xiangyuan County in Shanxi Province. His grandfather, Yu Hanxiang, was a Jinshi in 1682 and was in charge of studying politics in Shaanxi Province. His father, Yu Shufan, was called into the inner court to compile the Wuying palace and participated in the Kangxi dictionary and peiwenyunfu Transferred to Xuanping County, Zhejiang Province. Yu Min adopted his uncle Yu Fang as his heir in his childhood. Yu Fang was a Jinshi in the second year of Yongzheng (1724). He was once the editor of Hanlin academy and the chief examiner of Guangxi and Shandong. Yu Fang later got his son, and Yu Minzhong returned to his parents.

Yu Min inherited his family's studies at middle and young age. He was gifted and intelligent. He was enlightened at the age of five. He wrote four books on mechanics. His mother is very strict in class and often stands under the window to listen to his reading. His grandfather, Yu Hanxiang, personally taught the chapters and sentences of the great learning, so that they could be annotated according to the collection. When Yu Minzhong was 10 years old, he read through the five classics and commented on them carefully. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Yu Min, who was only 15 years old, took the Jiangning rural examination, and was a Chinese style examinee. However, he failed in the first examination in Beijing. After returning to the altar, Wang Buqing, a Jinshi of guimao in Yongzheng, Tongyi City, was chosen as his teacher and studied the four books and the thirteen classics again. In the second half of the 20th century, he was well versed in the classics and history, yin and Yang calendar and laws, as well as Buddhism and Taoism.

Stepping into official career

In the second year of Qianlong (1737), Yu Minzhong took part in the Dingji Enke examination and was promoted to the first place. He was 23 years old. From then on, Yu Minzhong and his elder brother Yu Zhen were called "brother champion" and became a grand event of imperial examination in Jintan. At that time, he entered the zhihanlin, taught Xiuzhuan, and served for seven years. Yiwenhan was appreciated by Emperor Qianlong. He worked hard in the hall of Zhimao, moved to preach, read the history of preaching, and wrote Dynasty affairs.

Yu Min won the first place in middle age and was very proud. He is quick in thinking and familiar with anecdotes. His writing is the best of his time. His calligraphy is also elegant and free. He is proficient in Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Sanskrit languages. When he first entered maoqin hall, Emperor Qianlong asked him to translate and copy the Buddhist classics Huayan and Lengyan. He first drew the shape of a pagoda and wrote the Scriptures in small regular script. There were words on the column, eaves, tile and window steps, just like the lines. This is not difficult. The difficulty lies in that every word "Buddha" must be written on the top of the column or on the edge of the eaves. For this reason, Yu Min wrote Huayan Sutra pagoda for nearly a year, which became a good story in the history of calligraphy. He also translated, transcribed, and preached. He discussed political affairs with great propriety, which was highly appreciated by Emperor Qianlong.

rapidly go up in the world

In 1744, Yu Minzhong presided over the Shanxi provincial examination. In 1775, Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan garden and asked Yu Minzhong what was the important policy of governing the country Yu Minzhong believes that "the most important task of governing a country is to get people to start a school, and that talent is to get political affairs." Emperor Qianlong nodded good, so he ordered him to supervise Shandong and Zhejiang. Yu Minzhong selected talents for the imperial court, built a school and got rid of the accumulated disadvantages, which was praised by scholars. Later, he was ordered to go back to Beijing to study directly, to teach the emperor's sons and grandchildren, to supervise the teaching, to be strict and good at teaching, and to win the emperor's favor. In 1780, he returned to be the governor of Shandong Xuezheng. In 1784, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of war.

In 1756, his father died in Shufan and returned to Minzhong to mourn. In 1757, Yu Minzhong received a special edict to go to the capital to serve as the left Minister of the criminal department. In 1758, his father Yu Fang died. Shortly after the funeral, his biological mother also died, so Yu Minzhong had to wear a funeral. In order to return to the court as soon as possible, Yu Minzhong conceals the loss of his mother from the court. When Zhu Ji, the censor, knew about this, he immediately impeached lieutenant general Yu Min, saying that "he had two bereavements and had been fooled into one, and then he went to the office." However, Yu Minzhong argued that the ministers who worked in the six ministries were no different from the soldiers who guarded the frontier. They should not influence national affairs for family affairs. Emperor Qianlong also regretted his literary talent and forgave his mistake because his duty was irreplaceable. On the contrary, he scolded Zhu Ji for "abusing people's reputation and integrity". At the end of that year, Yu Min was granted the title of minister of Zhonghu department.

In October 1760, the 25th year of Emperor Qianlong, Yu Minzhong was appointed as the Minister of military aircraft. Since then, he has been directly involved in the affairs of military aircraft. Yu Min is younger than Emperor Qianlong

three

At the age of 20, he was in the prime of Emperor Qianlong's life. Therefore, he acted with prudence, prudence and steadiness. Emperor Qianlong's composition and poetry were often improvised without any draft in advance. Every time after the emperor recited it, Yu Minzhong would memorize it in his heart, and then copy it respectfully. One morning, Yu Minzhong visited the imperial garden with Emperor Qianlong. Qianlong improvised seven poems and two compositions. At night, Qianlong received the words written by Yu Minzhong. He was surprised when he appreciated them, so he relied more on them.

Qianlong 30 years (1765), promoted the Ministry of household secretary. Yu Minzhong had only one son, named Qi Xian, who failed in the local examination. Qianlong considered that his son had grown up, so Jiaen made up for Yinsheng according to the grade of Shangshu and enrolled in Guozijian. Because of the fact that Yu Min's wife has died of illness, she has been granted the title of her concubine Zhang Shu. In 1766, Liang Yaofeng entered the military aircraft department. Emperor Qianlong ordered him to be in charge of poetry, and Yu Min was in charge of state affairs. In this way, Yu Minzhong would no longer pay attention to the emperor's poems. One day, the emperor called Yu Minzhong and Liang Yaofeng into the palace and recited poems. Yu Minzhong quickly winked at Liang Yaofeng, but Liang Yaofeng was at a loss. When the emperor finished reciting, they came out. Yu Minzhong waited for Liang Yaofeng to transcribe his poems. But there was no movement for a long time. He asked if Liang Yaofeng had transcribed his poems. Liang then suddenly realized that he was in a panic. Yu Minzhong said, "I thought you were in charge of the poetry of the emperor, so I don't memorize it any more.". Now that it's done, what do you think we should do? Liang Yaofeng was very ashamed and speechless. Yu Min sighed: let me try to remember it for you. In this way, Yu Minzhong quietly sat in the room alone and thought about it carefully. After a while, he recited it all by memory, and the whole article was only wrong by one word.

Qianlong 33 years (1768), plus Prince Tai Bao. In the 36th year of Qianlong (1771), Yu Minzhong was promoted to associate bachelor and Minister of the Ministry of household affairs. In 1773, Yu Minzhong was promoted to the position of Bachelor of Wenhua hall, Secretary of the Ministry of household affairs and chief minister of military aircraft. No matter in the imperial court or outside, he was the most prominent figure who could not be left for a moment. Some of the important decisions of the imperial court were made by the emperor with his opinions. At that time, he was the first powerful official in Beijing.

President of Siku

In 1774, Zhu Yun, the academic administrator of Anhui Province, collected the lost books in Yongle Dadian. At that time, Liu Tongxun, a cabinet bachelor, thought that this was not an important matter of government affairs and was not related to the motion. However, Yu Minzhong deeply appreciated the memorial. He tried to get rid of the objection and argued that Zhu Yun's work was "in line with the great plan of ruling the country by culture, and should be used.". Emperor Qianlong also thought that it was "really in line with my will", that is, it was adopted. He issued an edict to open the Siku Quanshu library, and ordered Yu Minzhong to be the chief executive of Siku Quanshu. While handling other military and political affairs, Yu Minzhong attached great importance to the compilation of Sikuquanshu. He made a lot of suggestions and did a lot of work, from the classification and style of Sikuquanshu to the formulation of standards and Compilation Rules. When the imperial court searched and collected books nationwide, Yu Minzhong personally presented 17 rare books and led the compilation of Sikuquanshu, which should be one of his greatest contributions in his life.

one has reached the highest rank open to a subject

In 1776, Gaoyun, the eunuch in the palace, revealed the records of Emperor Qianlong's zhupidao mansion, and Emperor Qianlong ordered him to be locked and handed over to the former minister for trial. According to Gao Yun's confession, Yu Minzhong asked him about Emperor Qianlong's comments on Guan Liang. In addition, he was cheated to buy land for himself and begged Yu Minzhong to entrust Jiang CiZhen to help him fight a lawsuit. After Emperor Qianlong knew it, he was very angry. In fear, Yu Minzhong pleads guilty, saying that Gao Yun has indeed asked for a transfer, but he has not agreed. But it is wrong not to play according to the facts immediately. Emperor Qianlong issued an edict and severely condemned: "Yu Minzhong is called by me every day to deal with everything. What can I say to him? Why did he turn to the eunuch for information? " And ordered him to be handed over to the Ministry of punishment for severe punishment. Later, the general of the Ministry of punishment was dismissed, but Emperor Qianlong came down again

Chinese PinYin : Yu Min Zhong