Yu Shenxing

Yu Shenxing

Yu Shenxing (1545-1607) was a writer and poet in Ming Dynasty. The word can be far away, and the word has no scale. Dong'e Town, Dong'e county (now Dong'e Town, Pingyin County, Shandong Province) people. Ming Longqing two years (1568) Jinshi, change Shu Jishi, granted editing. In the first year of Wanli (1573), the real record of Mu Zong was completed. He studied writing and served as a Japanese lecturer. Later, he was promoted to the right and left ministers of the Ministry of rites. He was transferred to the Ministry of officials and took charge of Zhan Shifu. Then he was promoted to the Minister of rites. In the 33rd year of Wanli (1605), he ordered Zhan Shi not to take office. Later, the court promoted seven cabinet ministers, the first of which was Yu Shenxing. He also ordered the prince Shaobao and Dongge bachelor to take part in the aircraft maintenance.

Wanli 35 years (1607) returned home, after lying sick, drafting a left Shu, please the emperor "Pro minister, Lu left Yi, supplementary speech officer.". He died in a few days. He was 62 years old. He gave it to the crown prince, Taibao, and his posthumous title was wending.

Yu Shenxing wrote Gu Shan Bi Zhu (18 volumes), Gu Cheng Shan Guan Wen Ji (42 volumes), Gu Cheng Shan Guan Shi Ji (20 volumes), Du Shi man Lu (10 volumes), and compiled Yanzhou Fu Zhi.

Life of the characters

Young talents

In his youth, Yu Shenxing was gifted and diligent. At the age of 17, he won the examination. On the next day of the local examination, the ceremony of local drinking was held as a rule, and the examiners and Chinese examiners were given banquets. The examiner attached great importance to Yu Shenxing, a talented young man, and proposed to give him a crown ceremony (that is, the rite of becoming an adult) at the Lu Ming banquet. Yu Shenxing said politely that he did not obey his father's orders, which was a good talk for a while.

The emperor's teacher

In the second year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty (1568), he became a scholar in Shenxing. After leaving the library, he was given the Imperial Academy to edit. In the early years of Wanli, he was promoted to Xiuzhuan and served as a Japanese speaking official of the emperor. Japanese speakers were all senior scholars in the Imperial Academy, such as Yu Shenxing, who became the emperor's teacher in his 20s.

Ups and downs of official career

Yu Shen is honest, tolerant and frank. No matter to the emperor, the first assistant or colleagues, they are open-minded and sincere. Once, after Yu Shenxing and others finished their lectures, Shenzong asked people to take out many ancient calligraphy and paintings and ask them to write poems and inscriptions. Yu Shenxing's handwriting is not good, so he has to write his own poems, ask someone to write for him, and admit in public that he can't write well. Shenzong was very appreciative, and immediately wrote "censure Chen Shan" and gave it to him, which was a great event in the history of CI. In the early years of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng was in power. He carried out a series of reforms, solved many serious social problems in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and made great contributions to the stable development of politics and economy in Ming Dynasty. However, Zhang Juzheng's personal style was arbitrary, which restrained his subordinates and suppressed hundreds of officials, causing widespread dissatisfaction among Chinese military officers. Liu Tai, the censor, impeached Zhang Juzheng and was banished to prison. His colleagues were afraid of Zhang Juzheng and did not dare to see Liu Tai again. Regardless of this, Yu Shenxing visited Liu Tai in person. In the sixth year of Wanli (1578), Zhang Juzheng's father died of illness. He didn't want to respect the system of mourning, and instructed his students to put forward "seizing affection". Shenzong approved it and raised the court. Yu Shenxing, together with other ministers, spared admonishment and advised Shenzong to take back his life by virtue of the cardinal principles and the ethics of father and son. Zhang Juzheng was very unhappy. Once, when he saw Yu Shenxing, he said, "Keyuan, you are one of my most appreciated students. I usually treat you well. I didn't expect that you would do the same to me!" Yu Shenxing said to him seriously: "it's because you are good to me that I have to do this!" Yu Shenxing worried that Zhang Juzheng would lose the support of the government and the public, but Zhang didn't understand him. In the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Zhang Juzheng died. The forces against him took charge of the government and controlled Shenzong. Shenzong ordered the house of Zhang Juzheng to be seized. In this case, Yu Shenxing wrote to Qiu He, who was in charge of the affair, asking him to take care of Zhang Juzheng's 80 year old mother and her infant son. Qiu Huo reserved residence and enough land for Zhang Jia. Yu Shenxing was praised by the central government for his noble demeanor and warm-hearted spirit. In July 1589, he was promoted to minister of rites.

Demoted officials return home

At this time, the eldest son of Shenzong was nine years old, born by the princess. Shenzong didn't like the princess and her son. He wanted to make the second son of Princess Zheng the east palace. However, before Zheng Fei, Shenzong couldn't make it clear, so he didn't set up the prince. The emperor's eldest son grew up day by day, so he was very anxious that he could not enter the school. Since the 17th year of Wanli, people have been asking Shenzong to build the east palace as early as possible. Yu Shenxing, as the Minister of rites, is duty bound to this matter. He even spared extremely remonstrate, Shenzong very angry, repeatedly down strict decree, blame in Shenxing "with the east palace to coerce the emperor." Yu Shenxing said: "it's the Ministry's duty to set up a book. If I don't say it, it's dereliction of duty. Please make a quick decision. I'd rather leave the official and go back to my home. " Shenzong was very displeased, and scolded Shenxing for "suspecting" and "confusing the nation's foundation" and stopped the salaries of officials in the Ministry of rites. Just at this time, Shandong provincial examination problem event happened. Yu Shenxing takes the blame and resigns. In September of the 19th year of Wanli (1591), he was approved by Shenzong and returned to his hometown.

He lived in the family for more than 10 years, and the government and the field recommended him to go out of the mountain many times, but Shenzong refused. By the 35th year of Wanli (1607), the eastern palace had been established and the foundation of the country had been determined. The government promoted the cabinet minister, and Yu Shenxing ranked first among the seven. Shenzong ordered him to serve as a former official, Prince Shaobao, and a Bachelor of Dongge University. At this time, Yu Shenxing was already seriously ill and barely came to Beijing. Not a few days later, he died at the official residence of Jinghua, aged 63. As a gift to Prince Taibao, his posthumous title is wending.

Main achievements

Literary achievements

Yu Shenxing has lived at home for 16 years. He has explored the causes of the gains and losses of the present age, and has written 42 volumes of Shi Jie man Lu, Gu Cheng Shan Guan Wen Ji, 20 volumes of Gu Cheng Shan Guan Shi Ji, 14 volumes of Du Shi man Lu, and 18 volumes of Gu Shan Bi Zhu. In particular, his Gu Shan Bi Zhu records the rules, characters, military punishment, wealth and Fu, rites and music, Buddhism and Taoism, frontier fortress and other things before the Ming Dynasty Wanli. In order to study the Ming Dynasty social politics, economy, culture, military, religion rare historical data, has a very important reference value. In addition, there are 20 volumes of guchengshanguan poetry anthology and 42 volumes of guchengshanguan anthology manuscripts, which are extant in Shandong Provincial Library. When he returned home, he was concerned about the cause of Sangzi, participated in the revision of Donge county annals, and presided over the compilation of Yanzhou Prefecture annals. In the seventh year of Wanli (1579 AD), he wrote the stele of Dongchangfu city. Yu Shenxing, Feng Qi and Gong Nai were known as the "three schools of shanzuo" in the early stage of Wanli. They advocated "Qi Feng" and jointly promoted the development of shanzuo poetry in the early stage of Wanli. His Taishan poems surpass Wang Shizhen in number, and have their own distinctive characteristics, which can compete with the former and the latter seven.

Political achievements

Yu Shenxing official to the Ming Dynasty Minister of rites, Prince Shaobao and Dongge bachelor. In the historical books, Yu Shenxing's literary achievements are outstanding, but his personality is conservative and he abides by the Confucian etiquette. Throughout his 40 years of official career, Yu Shenxing had three dismissals, 22 years of idleness at home, the longest one as long as 17 years. Some historians commented that he was loyal and was a different kind of official in Ming Dynasty.

Character evaluation

Qian Qianyi's biography of poems of the Dynasties

Yu Shenxing is a famous politician, historian and writer in the late Ming Dynasty. When he was born in the years of Longqing and Wanli, he objected to Li Panlong and other people's insistence on imitating as "retro". Because he "read through the classics and history, know the anecdotes" and "have the foundation to learn, and know the key points of Ci", his poems "spring is magnificent, and his writing is very popular at that time", and he is called "literature is the crown of the time".

the Qing dynasty

Ji Yun

The evaluation of his poem "elegant and peaceful, since Rao Qingyun", for the "after seven" shortcomings of the volume end can "correct but not straight, especially difficult to suppress."

Main works

His main poems are: driving to the east gate, four midnight songs, two midnight spring songs, two midnight summer songs, two midnight autumn songs, two midnight winter songs, three Miscellaneous Poems, Chang'an Road and Yangliuqing road poems. There are 94 poems in existence.

Historical records

History of Ming Dynasty: biography of Yu Shenxing

Anecdotes of unofficial history

Exceptional examination

When Yu Shenxing was ten years old, he studied in Dongliu Academy. His family and schoolboy accompanied him to Yanzhou to take part in the scientific examination presided over by Xuezheng. Passing by a peach garden, when the peach blossom is in full bloom, I cautiously fold a branch and enjoy all the way to the examination room. I am reluctant to discard it and hide it in my sleeve. It happens that the title of the examination is "Ode to peach blossom", which is just to the heart. Yu Shenxing was the first to hand in the examination paper. In the case of political opinion, a young man raised his hand to hand in the paper. He got up and bent over to pick it up. He caught a glimpse of the peach blossom in his sleeve and read: "primary school students, peach blossom in their sleeves, hidden spring." Shenxing knew that Xuezheng was testing himself. He had an idea. He gave a deep gift and said, "old man, sit in the high hall and be observant." Xuezheng was moved by the talent of Shenxing and wrote the word "Zhong" directly on the paper. Ten year old Yu Shenxing made an exception and approved to go to the province to participate in the hospital examination of selecting Xiang students.

Censure Chen Shan

At the end of a lecture, the crown prince took out his collection of calligraphy and paintings, and ordered the speakers to write poems and inscriptions. Yu Shenxing was not good at writing. When the poem was finished, he asked someone to write it on his behalf and played it with reality. Prince jiaqicheng, immediately Royal book "censure Chen Shan" given. The sense of cautious behavior "qinsa Chenhan" is the poem "qinci censure Chenshan". Although Yu Shenxing's calligraphy is ordinary, people are proud to have it because they respect his knowledge and character. Yu Shenxing compiled a large number of travel notes written in his hometown as "a journey to the East". He said: "his travel and Ruoshi are couples. His left hand holds the cup, his right hand controls the tube, he stops constant drinking, and his drunken song is constant." His life philosophy and life interest can be seen from this.

Tour the landscape

When Yu Shenxing returned to his hometown, his depressed mood suddenly became very relaxed

Chinese PinYin : Yu Shen Hang