historian and poet

historian and poet

Wu Yu (1872-1949), formerly known as Ji Zhuan and Yong Kuan, also known as Youling and shuyouling, was named old man liming, a native of Longqiao village in Xinfan (now Xindu District, Chengdu) of Sichuan Province. Modern thinkers and scholars. In his early years, he studied in Japan, and after returning home, he was the main writer of wake group daily in Sichuan, advocating new learning. In 1910, he served as a teacher of Chinese in Chengdu government middle school, and soon went to Peking University to teach. In new youth, he published articles such as "family system is the basis of autocracy" and "saying filial piety", which strongly attacked the old ethics and Confucianism, and had a great influence during the May 4th movement. Hu Shi called him "the scavenger of Chinese ideological circles" and "the old hero of Sichuan who beat down Kongdian with one hand".

Life of the characters

Wu Yu (1872-1949), formerly known as Ji Zhuan and Yong Kuan, was also named Youling and Youling. Sichuan Xinfan (now Xindu District of Chengdu) Longqiao people. Modern thinkers and scholars.

He studied poetry from Wu Zhiying, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and studied scriptures from Liao Ping, a master of Confucian classics. He was deeply influenced by Confucianism. After the reform movement of 1898, he began to learn new learning. He made a living in the Teaching Hall in Chengdu and participated in the establishment of Puli public library.

In 1905, he went to Japan to study and entered Tokyo University of law and politics.

In 1907, he returned to China and worked as a teacher in Chengdu government middle school and Sichuan public law and politics school. He once edited Shu Bao.

In 1910, Wu Yu had a conflict with his father, and was denounced as "unreasonable and illegal" by public opinion. Xu Jiong, President of Sichuan Education Association, held a meeting to expel him from the education field.

After the revolution of 1911, he joined the Republican Party and was also the editor in chief of Sichuan political bulletin. Later, he wrote articles against Yuan Shikai's becoming emperor.

In 1917, he joined Nanshe at the invitation of Liu Yazi.

In November 1919, Wu Yu published cannibalism and ethics in new youth, Volume 6, No. 6, attacking "cannibalism and ethics". Hu Shi called him "the old hero who knocked over the Kong shop with one hand.". He has been the chief editor of Xicheng daily, the chief writer of gonglun daily and the chief editor of Sichuan political bulletin.

In 1920, he was a professor of Chinese Department of Peking University and Beijing Normal University.

In 1933, he was forced to resign because he was rejected by the school of respecting Confucius and restoring the ancients.

In his later years, he taught in Chengdu University and Sichuan University. He died in Chengdu in 1949.

Personal works

His works include Wu Yu Wen Lu, BIE Lu, diaries, Qiushui Ji, selected works of Chinese and selected readings of parallel prose.

Anti feudal thought

Wu Yu was a famous figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He believed that the reason why the feudal rulers advocated Confucianism was that "Jiao" and "Li" played a special role in consolidating their rule and maintaining the feudal social order, so they used them to tame and control their subjects. Wu Yu criticized and exposed the oppression of women by feudal autocratic ethics, advocated equality between men and women, and called for the liberation of Chinese women. Wu Yu also advocated freedom and personality liberation, and raised the people's democratic consciousness in order to establish a bourgeois state.

Wu Yu's most important thought is to criticize Confucianism and expose the "ethics" of cannibalism. He criticizes the feudal autocracy and family system centered on filial piety in Confucianism and points out: "when we examine Confucius' theory in detail, we can see that filial piety is the foundation of all actions, so we should start from the examination." The scope of the examination covers everything: "it's not filial to live in a village; it's not filial to serve the emperor; it's not filial to serve the official; it's not filial to serve the official; it's not filial to serve the friend without faith; it's not filial to fight without courage", "it's filial to serve the relatives when you are not at home, and it's filial to serve the emperor when you are in the court. It can be said that to be able to serve one's relatives and the monarch is to establish oneself, and then to be famous in the world "(" on the basis of family system for autocratic system ").

In his opinion, if China wants to get a real Republic, it must get rid of the autocratic monarchy and the family system, and the Confucian ethics, the family system in social organizations, and the autocratic monarchy in politics must be criticized. Wu Yu opposed the hierarchical concept of taking ceremony as the criterion and exposed the essence of killing people with ceremony in Confucianism. Inspired by Lu Xun's Diary of a madman, he revealed with examples in Chinese history that "those who eat people are moralists! Those who preach ethics are cannibals! " He thinks that in the whole ideological system of Confucius, the main role is ritual. Learning ritual, resuming ritual and spreading ritual are the main lines of Confucius' thought and life activities. Filial piety is the main content of maintaining feudal morality, while etiquette is the main form of feudal morality. Wu Yu also believed that the function of "Confucian orthodoxy" in Chinese feudal society was ideological autocracy. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's proposal to "depose all schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", Confucianism has been regarded as one of the most important schools of thought, and Confucius has also become the most holy. As a result, China's academic autocracy has been formed for a long time, which has seriously hindered the development of China's ideology and culture. He pointed out: "since Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao, he wrote the strict prohibition of" insulting the sage "and" not being able to be sage "; after that, Meng Ke opened up Yang Mo, attacked heresy, and attached himself to the saints; Dong Zhongshu thought that all those who were not in the six Arts and Confucius' art should not advance in the same way; Han Yu's original Tao said that" people, fire, book, Lu, residence "was prosperous; so Confucianism was autocratic and unified China's academic sweep (the harm of class system advocated by Confucianists) he firmly believed that "if Confucianism does not revolutionize, Confucianism does not turn, then our country has no new ideas and theories. How can we create a new nation? Long everything, this is the only way (Confucianism advocates the harm of class system). Before and after the May 4th movement, Wu Yu published articles on new youth, such as cannibalism and ethics, family system and the basis of autocracy. He boldly attacked feudal ethics and feudal culture, and was known as the most powerful master of attacking "Confucianism". His thoughts had caused great repercussions at that time.

Wu Yu Wen Lu

Contents: preface of Wu Yu Wen Lu; Volume 1: the theory that family system is the basis of despotism; filial piety; Taoism and Legalists all oppose the old moral theory; cannibalism and ethics; Confucianism advocates the harm of class system; Volume 2: the meaning of Confucian great harmony is based on Laozi; after reading Xunzi; Laozhuang of negative revolution; biography of Li zhuowu of Ming Dynasty; preface of classmate record of Sichuan law and politics school; a brief history of Songgang 》Preface; preface of Yuanmingyuan; Mozi's labor and agriculture doctrine; appendix: Feminist discussion; evil relationship; to Chen Duxiu; to Hu Shi; to Qingmu Zhenger; Wu Yudi's theory of Confucian destruction; epitaph of Mr. Wu; postscript. Content introduction: this "Wenlu" is the original copy of Wu Yu's masterpiece. Wu Yu, the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement, is as famous as Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi, and enjoys the reputation of "one hand punching home shop". Reading "Wu Yu Wen Lu" is to read an era, to read a school of wind and cloud, and to feel the blood and spirit of a master in that era. Shuo Xiao, Li Lun, cannibalism and ethics, the harm of class system advocated by Confucianism, Lao Zhuang of negative revolution A batch of Wu Yu's top-grade products that must be read carefully. It is a master with sharp writing style, meticulous argumentation and brilliant writing style. In the appendix, Mrs. Wu Yu's Zeng Lan's "women's rights Pingyi" and his correspondence with Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi and Qingmu Zhenger are also valuable materials. Wu Yu Wenlu was originally published by Shanghai Yadong library, which can be regarded as Wu Yu's early thought report. The selected items of this book basically refer to Wu Yu Wenlu (the first edition in October 1921 and the sixth edition in April 1929) of Yadong edition, but there are some big changes in the "appendix": the original edition only contains two articles: Wu zenglan's feminist discussion and Wu zenglan's evil fate; its "to Chen Duxiu (December 3, 1916)" is published in the first edition of Wu Yu Wenlu as the appendix of the theory that the family system is the basis of despotism In the volume of Yu Wenlu, to Chen Duxiu (June 1917) is listed as the appendix of the book "the meaning of Confucian great harmony is based on Laozi", which is also included in the appendix of this book. At the same time, to Hu Shi, to Qingmu Zhenger, on the destruction of Confucianism in Wu Yudi, and Mr. Wu's epitaph are also added as the appendix to help readers further understand Wu Yu and his thoughts. The input and typesetting of this book is based on Wu Yu Ji (Sichuan people's publishing house, 1985), and the new articles in the appendix also come from it. In order to retain the original appearance of the literature as much as possible, the contents of each chapter in this book are still in the original version, only a few words are changed.

Equal rights for men and women

On June 1, 1917, in the name of his wife Wu zenglan, Wu Yu published an article entitled "a review of women's rights". In his article, he said that from the age of equal husband and wife in fishing and hunting life to the age of autocratic husband and wife in farming and herding life, women would lose their freedom and become men's property and slaves. In the autocratic era, women went out to obey their husband's orders, and went in to obey wenggu's orders. They were claustrophobic and had no autonomy. They knew nothing and could do nothing. They were no different from the six animals. They only knew food and adopted children. If the ignorant and incompetent of this generation are regarded as the mother of the group of men, few men in the whole country will be harmed when they are childish. Our country pays special attention to the family system, pays more attention to the division of names than to humanity, and despises the system of the state. Morality and law are combined. The meaning of rites and punishment is rooted in Confucianism. Kong's family is often called "woman" and "villain". An Neng thinks that the person who advocates equality between men and women? And the equality we fight for is the equality in law; the freedom we fight for is the freedom in law; it is not the equality without scope, but the freedom without limit. The fallacies of heaven, earth, Yang, Yin, noble and humble, upper and lower classes, three from seven out of the fallacies, in humanitarianism, are all disrespectful, should be swept away, it is not necessary to say. He called on women to ponder over their morality, force their learning, and improve their ability, so as to eventually enjoy their rights; to fight against men in nationalism, to track down women in today's Britain and Germany, and not to compete with politicians and legislators who do not care about their country

Chinese PinYin : Wu Yu